민족 정체성을 중심으로 한 다문화 가정 청소년 사역 방향연구

홍명유 한국개혁신학회 2011 한국개혁신학 Vol.29 No.-

Today, Korea is changing toward a multi cultural society rather than a mono racial society generally. The family that was formed by international marriage is named as multi culture family. The families have many problems such as poverty, health, and communication with neighbors. In particular, their children have problems with identity because they have two identity from their parent. There have been many efforts to help them in government, society and religious organizations. Now, it seems necessary to meet their need through a new approach, ethnic identity in addition to our previous efforts. This article focused this point, studied the importance of ethnic identity development and suggested some ministry implications for church ministry. Ethnic identity theory started from identity theory that Erikson and Marica developed. As identity develops through four status, Phinney found that ethnic identity had three status; ethnic identity undecided, ethnic identity moratorium, and ethnic identity achieved. Many studied supported this theory and found that ethnic identity was positively related with psychological well-being of ethnic minority adolescence. Especially, ethnic identity was found to relate with spiritual development of ethnic minorities. In this point, church ministry for multi culture family seems necessary to notice and use the importance of ethnic identity. Also, the Image of God as Christian identity is not contradicted with ethnic identity because it contains ego-identity ethnic identity as its elements. Therefore, this article suggested three ministry approaches for multi cultural family. First, senior pastors, education pastors, and leadership staffs share and teach an universal Christian identity in Bible through sermons, seminars, group meetings in church. Second, church leaders is needed to have approaches toward multi culture family with a shared living rather than assimilation into Korea society. Third, it is necessary to study how ethnic identity formation process goes through among multi culture family children. Based on data and results, church leaders would able to plan more suitable approaches toward multi culture family ministry. 오늘날 한국은 통념적으로 여겨졌던 단일민족 사회에서 다문화 사회로 변화하고 있다. 전 세계에서 특히 서남 아시아에서 온 외국인들이 많이 있다. 특히 국제 결혼을 통해 형성된 가정을 다문화 가정이라고 부른다. 이 가정들은 경제적 빈곤, 건강, 이웃과의 의사 소통같은 많은 문제를 안고 살아가고 있다. 특히 그들의 자녀들은 양 부모로부터 물려받은 상이한 문화를 가지고 있기에 정체성에 문제를 가지고 있는 경우가 많다. 정체성 혼동은 다문화 가정 청소년들에게 있어서 가장 큰 문제일 것이다. 이들을 돕기위해 정부와 사회 또 종교기관들의 많은 노력이 있어왔다. 그러나 이제 이전의 노력들에 덧붙여 이들의 필요를 충족시키기위해 민족 정체성에 근거한 접근 방법이 요청되고 있다. 이 논고는 여기에 초점을 맞추고 있으며 민족정체성 발달의 중요성을 탐구하였고 교회 사역을 위한 몇가지 제안을 하고 있다. 민족 정체성 이론은 에릭슨과 마아샤가 발전시킨 정체성 이론에 근거하고 있다. 정체성이 네가지 지위로 발전하는 것에 착안, 피니는 민족 정체성도 세가지 지위가 있음을 발견하였다: 민족정체성 미결정, 민족 정체성 유예, 민족 정체성 성취. 많은 연구들이 이 이론을 뒷받침하고 있고 민족 정체성이 소수 민족 청소년들의 심리적 복지와 긍정적으로 관련되었음을 발견하였다. 특히 민족 정체성은 민족 소수자들의 영적 발달과 관련이 있음도 판명되었다. 이런 면에서 볼때, 다문화 가정을 위한 교회 사역은 민족 정체성의 중요성을 착안하여 이용할 필요가 있음을 보여준다. 또한 크리스챤 정체성으로서의 하나님의 형상은 민족 정체성과 서로 상충도지 않는데 크리스챤 정체성의 개념속에 자아 정체성과 민족 정체성이 포함되어있기 때문이다. 그러므로 이 논고는 다문화 가정 사역을 위한 몇가지 사역적 제안을 하고 있다. 첫째 담임목사, 교육목사, 지도자들은 성경에 있는 크리스챤 정체성에 대해 설교나 특강 소그룹 모임을 통해 교인들과 공유하고 가르쳐야 한다. 둘째, 교회 지도자들은 다문화 가정 사역을 다룰때 한국 사회에로의 동화란 측면보다는 공존이란 관점을 가질 필요가 있다. 셋째 다문화 가정 자녀들에게 있어서 어떻게 민족 정체성 형성이 진행되고 있는지에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 여기서 얻어진 자료와 결과를 토대로 교회 지도자들은 다문화 가정 사역을 위한 더 적합한 계획들을 세울 수 있을 것이다.

일반 : 민족 정체성을 중심으로 한 다문화 가정 청소년 사역 방향연구

홍명유 ( Myoung You Hong ) 한국개혁신학회 2011 한국개혁신학 Vol.29 No.-

Today, Korea is changing toward a multi cultural society rather than a mono racial society generally. The family that was formed by international marriage is named as multi culture family. The families have many problems such as poverty, health, and communication with neighbors. In particular, their children have problems with identity because they have two identity from their parent. There have been many efforts to help them in government, society and religious organizations. Now, it seems necessary to meet their need through a new approach, ethnic identity in addition to our previous efforts. This article focused this point, studied the importance of ethnic identity development and suggested some ministry implications for church ministry. Ethnic identity theory started from identity theory that Erikson and Marica developed. As identity develops through four status, Phinney found that ethnic identity had three status; ethnic identity undecided, ethnic identity moratorium, and ethnic identity achieved. Many studied supported this theory and found that ethnic identity was positively related with psychological well-being of ethnic minority adolescence. Especially, ethnic identity was found to relate with spiritual development of ethnic minorities. In this point, church ministry for multi culture family seems necessary to notice and use the importance of ethnic identity. Also, the Image of God as Christian identity is not contradicted with ethnic identity because it contains ego-identity ethnic identity as its elements. Therefore, this article suggested three ministry approaches for multi cultural family. First, senior pastors, education pastors, and leadership staffs share and teach an universal Christian identity in Bible through sermons, seminars, group meetings in church. Second, church leaders is needed to have approaches toward multi culture family with a shared living rather than assimilation into Korea society. Third, it is necessary to study how ethnic identity formation process goes through among multi culture family children. Based on data and results, church leaders would able to plan more suitable approaches toward multi culture family ministry.

일본의 다문화 정책과 재일동포의 인권

조상균 전남대학교 5.18연구소 2007 민주주의와 인권 Vol.7 No.1

The number of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural members, such as immigrant labors, international marriage women are gradually increasing in Japan society. Now it might be said that Japan has become a multi-cultural society. but in historically, Japan has tried to keep “harmony(Wa)” within one community. How can adapt “harmony(Wa)” to multi-cultural policy in japan society? In addition, How is adapt it to the Korean miniority that has tried to keep identity in Japan? according to the my study, in 1985, The number of Korean Residents becoming naturalized under the new Nationality Law. This is, due to ethnic discriminationin in Japan society. such as in 1995, The Suprme Court rendered a Judgment in a Korean miniority. The issue was the legality of the Tokyo local public service's denial to attend an examination for promotion, based on plaintiff's without Japanese nationality Consequently, It was over to age that is distinguish identity from only nationality. On that account, I strongly believe that real multi-culturism, that the first step help to reconstruct identity of the korean in Japanese in order to reduce unreasonable discrimination due to nationality.

Ethnic Politics in Polyethnic Society : The Case of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan

신민경,김호 한국정치사회연구소 2022 한국과 국제사회 Vol.6 No.1

Polyethnicity is the most important type of diversity in the modern world. There are 650 ethnic groups in the world. Many countries consist of various ethnic groups and nationalities. As a result, the issue of ethnic issue became one of the key research topics that scholars are paying attention to today. This is also emerging issue in the Korean Society with its multi-cultural situation. Central Asian countries are racial melting pot. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are representative multi-ethnic Central Asian countries including more than 130 ethnic groups. The ethnic policies of the two countries look similar due to their historical background, but there was different perceive about Soviet rule and the directions and intensity of their ethnic policies are markedly different. This article compares and analyzes the polyethnic policies of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan by dividing sections into legal aspects and social-cultural aspects. Ultimately the article suggests how a multi-ethnic state can move forward as a truly united country that transcends ethnicity analyzing the contradictions and limitations of the polyethnic policies.

‘以古爲今’:중국의 민족문제와 중화민족 국가관

윤휘탁 동북아역사재단 2008 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.21

China is currently facing issues related to multi-ethnicity. As a result, the Chinese government seeks to solidify national unity and security by uniting all domestic ethnic groups into Han Chinese. This idea naturally is reflected on China’s ethnic and national identity. The national ideology, which is also defined as China’s ethnic and national identity, takes upon the theory of multi-ethnic nation-state as its foundation. The theory of multi-ethnic nation-state solidifies the traditional idea that the Chinese people must be unified by strictly applying today’s perspectives into past history and by overlooking territorial, ethnic, imperial, and national transformation. The Han Chinese ideology, the main element of this theory, did not include the comprehensive analyses of self-awareness and identity of each ethnic group. Therefore, the ethnicity that currently exists within China is seen to be formed fundamentally with the concurrent idea of unification and nationalism. The Han Chinese ideologyonly emphasizes the ethnic unity through Chinese history and purposely abridges and distorts battles or conflicts among different ethnic groups. China’s current desire to unite all Chinese ethnic groups is reflected on this historical interpretation. In the Han Chinese ideology, the past exists solely for the sake of the present or past history is utilized as tool to resolve currently facing issues. Con-sidering these points, the Han Chinese national ideology cannot be exempt from misuse or overuse of the historical interpretation.

Explorative Analysis of the Formation of Ethnic Cultural Diversity in Yunnan

Yang Wenshun,He Yaorong 대한중국학회 2013 중국학 Vol.44 No.-

Yunnan is a multi‐ethnic frontier province, and there are most aboriginal peoples, unique ethnic minorities, cross‐border nationalities as well as national autonomous areas in Yunnan. The ethnic diversity in Yunnan results in the cultural diversity. All ethnic groups in Yunnan enjoy a rich diversity of religious beliefs, customs and habits, lifestyles, languages and so on. Therefore, the diversity of ethnic minorities as well as ethnic culture in Yunnan is not only the epitome of China’s multi‐ethnic state presenting the diversity of Chinese culture, but also the focus of diversity of entire Asian nations and national culture. A proper understanding of ethnic cultural diversity in Yunnan and the in‐depth study of its causes will pose great theoretical and practical significance to the protection and development of ethnic cultural diversity in Yunnan province. 云南是全国世居民族最多、特有民族最多、跨境民族最多、民族自治地方最多的一个边疆省份,云南民族的多样性决定了其文化的多样性。云南各民族在宗教信仰、民俗习惯、生活方式、语言文字等方面都具有丰富的多样性特征。云南民族及民族文化的多样性,不仅是中国多民族状况的缩影,聚集着中国民族文化的多样性,而且可以说是整个亚洲民族和民族文化多样性的聚焦和汇集。正确认识云南的民族文化多样性,并探究其形成原因,对保护和发展云南的民族文化多样性有着极其重要的理论与实践意义。

중국 민족구역자치제도에 관한 연구

왕시영 ( Wang Shiying ),오재일 ( Oh Jae Yiel ) 한국지방행정연구원 2017 지방행정연구 Vol.31 No.2

China is a multi-cultural nation, namely being made up of 55 ethnic minorities. Ethnic diversity creates many challenges for unifying a nation. China adopted a regional ethnic autonomy institution. The REAI entitles autonomy rights to the 55 ethnic minorities excluding the Han ethnic. It aims at two political goals- solving ethnic problems and unifying a nation. The problem is that the current regional ethnic autonomy system based on multi-culturalism has an aspect to weaken national identities such as a citizen(公民), Chinese nation by strengthening each identities of ethnic minorities. This manuscript suggests that the local administration system based on integrationism is a better alternative to resolve the problem of regional ethnic autonomy system. The local administration system includes the removal of ethnic status code from identification cards, the use of China`s official Putonghua(普通話) language, and the household-registration system. Current ethnic policy has a critical role to narrow the ethnic gap among 55 ethnic minorities, but in the long run the local administration system is more relative for solving ethnic problems and unifying a nation.

한국 다문화사회의 특성에 관한 연구

황갑진 한국사회교과교육학회 2016 사회과교육연구 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distinct characteristics of Korean multi-cultural society that is separated from the other multi-cultural countries. Research method is the comparative study based on literature reviews. The characteristics of multi-cultural societies are divided into four types: immigration countries, colonial countries, multi-ethnic countries, and general countries. Immigration countries, multi-ethnic countries, and welfare countries have favorable attitudes toward multi-culturalism, while ethnic countries have less favorable attitudes toward multi-culturalism. Northeast Asian countries are similar to Korea in emphasizing ethnic ties and disregarding permanent residency status for immigrant labor. The policy of each country is varied by its population of indigenous people or old colonists. Korea is distinct from other countries in the characteristics and polices of multi-cultural society. 본 연구의 목적은 다문화사회 국가들과 구분되는 한국 다문화사회의 특성을 고찰하는 것이다. 연구방법은 문헌고찰을 통한 비교연구로, 서구 및 동북아시아 국가들의 다문화사회와 구분되는 한국 다문화사회의 특성을 비교하였다. 문헌고찰 결과 다문화사회의 특성은 이민국가, 식민제국, 일반국가 등으로 구분되며, 복지제도의 발달 정도에 따라 차이가 있었다. 이민국가, 다민족국가, 복지제도가 발달한 국가들에서 다문화주의가 많이 채택되고 있었으며, 혈통주의의 단일 민족국가들에서는 다문화주의에 대해 부정적이다. 동북아시아 국가들은 민족을 강조하고 이주노동에 대해 배제적인 공통적 특성을 가지나, 원주민 및 구식민지민의 존재 여부 등에 따라 다문화정책에 있어 차이가 존재하였다. 즉 한국의 다문화사회는 다문화사회 구성원과 다문화사회정책에 있어 다른 국가들과 구분되었다.

다종족 국가의 갈등 요인과 통합 정책

신재혁(Jae Hyeok Shin) 한국국제정치학회 2015 국제정치논총 Vol.55 No.1

In this article I aim to investigate the causes of conflict in multi-ethnic states, hence to offer policies for integration. The findings from 145 countries around the world from 1946 until 2005 are as follows. First, as the average voter’s income declines, the likelihood of ethnic armed conflict increases. Second, as the portion of the population excluded from state power increases, the probability of ethnic armed conflict increases. Third, in less-developed multiethnic countries the likelihood of ethnic armed conflict tends to be high irrespective of the portion of the population excluded from state power. Finally, in more developed multi-ethnic countries the probability of ethnic armed conflict increases to a large extent, as the portion of the excluded population increases. Therefore, to induce integration in multi-ethnic states, first, the government in a less-developed multi-ethnic state should focus on reducing the population of the poor through economic development. Second, the government in a more developed multi-ethnic state should prioritize the minimization of ethnic groups excluded from state power.

다문화 가정 아동의 민족적 지위

최혜지 ( Hyeji Choi ),정은수 ( Eunsoo Chung ) 초록우산 어린이재단 2017 동광 Vol.112 No.-

This research focuses on the social violence caused by ethnic stratification in Korean society. The purpose of this research is to analyze how children from multi-cultural families perceive their ethnic standings and the model that determines those children’s ethnic standings. This research is designed as a social survey research with secondary data from 98 children from multi-cultural families. The result shows that children from multi-cultural families rate their ethnic standings 8.1 in a ten-point scale, in which ten indicates a full Korean heritage. Furthermore, the results indicate that social distance from Korean children, immigrant parents’ fluency in Korean, exclusion from productive activity, and exclusion from social interaction determine the ethnic standings of children from multi-cultural families.