주파수 도메인의 변곡점을 이용한 디지털 카메라의 moire 제거 방법

김대철(Dae-Chul Kim),경왕준(Wang-Jun Kyung),이철희(Cheol-Hee Lee),하영호(Yeong-Ho Ha) 대한전자공학회 2014 전자공학회논문지 Vol.51 No.1

디지털 카메라에서는 일반적으로 높은 공간주파수에 의해 발생하는 주파수 간섭을 제거하기 위해 광저대역 투과 필터(optical lowpass filter)를 사용한다. 그러나 영상을 획득할 때 광저대역 투과 필터의 사용으로 고주파 성분이 제거되어 상세 성분의 손실을 가져오게 된다. 이와 반대로, 광저대역 투과 필터를 제거한 후에 영상을 획득할 경우, 높은 공간주파수를 가지는 영역에서 moire가 발생하게 된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 카메라의 광저대역 투과 필터를 제거 후 영상의 상세 성분을 보존하고 moire를 제거하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 ISO12233 해상도 차트를 사용하여 카메라의 공간해상도(spatial frequency response)를 분석하고, 카메라의 최대 분해능에 해당하는 해상도 차트의 패턴을 모델링하여 moire가 발생하는 영역을 검출한다. 검출된 moire 영역을 주파수 도메인에서 분석하고 DC 성분과 최대 주파수 사이의 각 주파수별 최대 값에서 발생하는 변곡점을 검출하고 변곡점에 해당하는 값을 제거하여 moire 성분을 제거한다. 실험 결과 제안한 방법은 상세 성분의 손실을 줄이고 moire 제거에서 우수한 성능을 보였다. Digital still camera generally uses optical low-pass filter(OLPF) to enhance its image quality because it removes high spatial frequencies causing aliasing. However, the use of OLPF causes some loss of detail. On the other hand, when image are captured by using no OLPF, the moire is generally existed in high spatial frequency region of an image. Therefore, in this paper, moire reduction method in case of using no OLPF is suggested. To detect the moire, spatial frequency response(SFR) of camera was firstly analyzed by using ISO 12233 resolution chart. Then, moire region is detected by using the patterns that are related to the SFR of camera. next, this region is analysed in the frequency domain. Then, the moire is reduced by removing its frequency component, which represents inflection point between high frequency and DC components. Through the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed method can achieve moire reduction with preserving the detail.

Digital moire 형상측정 시스템의 보정에 관한 연구

김도훈,유원재,박낙규,강영준 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

Moire topography method isa well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method as a fast non-contact test for three-dimension shape measuring method. Recently, it's important to study the automatic three-dimension measurement by moire topography because it is frequently applied to the reverse engineering , the medical, the entertainment fields. Three-dimension measurement using projection of moire topography is very attractive because of its high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, the classical moire method is computerized-so called digital moire. when a virtual grating pattern is projected on a surface, the captured image by the CCD camera has three-dimension information of the objects. The moire image can be obtained through a simple image processing and a reference grating pattern. and it provides similar results without physical grating pattern. digital projection moire topography turns out to be very effective for the three-dimension measurement of objects. Using different N-bucket algorithm method of digital projection moire topography is tested to measuring object with the 2-ambiguity problem. Experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding measurement errors that decreased more by using the four-three step algorithm method instead of the same step in the phase shifting of different pitch.

기억과 커뮤니케이션: 베르그손 철학의 재발견

이원(Won LEE) 프랑스학회 2018 프랑스학연구 Vol.0 No.86

Si la philosophie de Bergson a été citée et étudiée depuis longtemps, ce n’est pas seulement à cause de sa célébrité, mais de sa validité en tant que connaissance. En ce sens, cette étude n est pas un simple rappel à sa théorie. Cette étude consiste à explorer la communication humaine à l’aide de sa propre théorie de la mémoire élaborée au carrefour de ses intuitions et spéculations et des études de la neurophysiologie et de la science du cerveau de l’époque. Nous avons redécouvert l’interprétation très originale de Bergson : la perception n est pas simplement une réponse aux stimuli nerveux sensoriels mais un processus de préparation au comportement. De plus, Bergson révèle très clairement la singularité de l’esprit humain à travers de sa découverte de la mémoire. Il montre que la mémoire humaine est une preuve du caractère unique de la conscience humaine et que la mémorisation se produit dans tout le corps humain. Cette interprétation perspicace suggère que des études relatives à ce sujet sont possibles à l avenir, tout comme notre étude. Quelles implications la théorie de la mémoire bergsonienne a-t-elle sur les pratiques de communication humaine? Du point de vue de la pragmatique, la compréhension des actes de communication humaine provient principalement de la philosophie linguistique ou la linguistique. Cela signifie que la compréhension des activités physiques et mentales les plus fondamentales des êtres humains, telles que la perception et la mémoire humaines font défaut. Ainsi, en s’appuyant sur la théorie de la mémoire bergsonienne, cette étude montre que l intention qui est un facteur important dans l interprétation sémantique provient de l intention du comportement et de la perception. Egalement, elle prouve aussi que la communication humaine peut se faire de manière plus économique grâce à l’intervention de la mémoire qui est une activité de l’ensemble du corps. Il est de plus montré que la répétition dans la communication de masse qui fait appel à la mémoire humaine résulte de la stratégie consistant à favoriser l’identification et la réaction rapides de la part des masses.

척추측만증 검진을 위한 모아레 체형측정법과 설문조사의 상관성 연구

유한길,김혜정,신병철,Yoo, Han-Keel,Kim, Hae-Jung,Shin, Byung-Cheul 척추신경추나의학회 2003 대한추나의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is researching for correlation between Moire topography results and questionnaire which include obesity rate, height, weight, posture, pain aspect (low back pain, headache, fatigue, neck pain etc), studying posture, school attendance method, menarche. Methods : The authors practiced Moire topography and questionnaire for primary & middle school 24,419 students [male 12,843, female 11,576] in Jeonbuk, korea in 2002. After we distinguished students who had abnormal finding in Moire topography and statistically analysed the data. Results : According to this research, the abnormal finding in Moire topography results was 37.3% (9,105 students), and students needed X-ray re-examination were 3.9% (953 students). According to statistical analysis, male/female and primary/middle school students have no difference in deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire. Height and weight have low correlation with deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire and menarche, pain aspect have no correlation. But, school attendance method by bicycle and $90^{\circ}$upright sitting in study posture is the best way to decrease the deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire. Conclusions : Following this research, throughout Moire topography could detect trunk asymmetry that couldn't be found existing X-ray examination, and school attendance by bicycle and $90^{\circ}$upright sitting in study posture is good for school students to prevent back deformity.

2D 및 3D 디지털 이미지 분석과 함께 Moire Tophography 분석을 이용한 화장품의 가슴 탄력개선 효과 평가

서영경 ( Young Kyoung Seo ),유미애 ( Mi Ae Yoo ),류자현 ( Ja Hyun Ryu ),김소정 ( So Jeong Kim ),조성아 ( Seong A Cho ),남개원 ( Gae Won Nam ),조준철 ( Jun-cheol Cho ),부용출 ( Yong Chool Boo ),고재숙 ( Jae-sook Koh ) 대한화장품학회 2012 대한화장품학회지 Vol.38 No.4

외과적으로 가슴의 볼륨 측정은 석고법, 가슴 X선 사진을 이용한 가슴의 볼륨을 산출하는 방법과 MRI, 3차원 측정 시스템 등을 이용한 측정 방법들이 주로 이용되었다. 그러나 최근 화장품 영역에서 가슴 볼륨 증가 및 탄력개선 제품의 증가로 효능평가가 필요하나 외과적 방법들의 적용은 어려운 실정이다. 그리하여 본 연구는 화장품 영역에서 최초로 등고선 사진을 이용하여 가슴 탄력개선을 평가하였다. 또한 가슴둘레 측정, 디지털 이미지 분석, 3차원 가슴이미지 분석 값과의 상관성을 비교하였고 등고선 사진평가를 가슴의 탄력을 평가하는 새로운 방법으로 제안하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 병력조사 및 피부 상태 진단을 통해 건강한 여성 피험자 30명이 시험에 참여하였다. 피험자로 하여금 제품사용전과 2주, 4주, 8주 후 시점에서 가슴둘레 측정, 유두점의 각도와 거리 분석, Moire’s Topography를 이용한 scoring, 3D가슴측정을 실시하여 가슴확대 및 탄력개선 정도를 평가하였다. 평가 결과 디지털 이미지를 분석결과 유두점의 각도(Angle)는 시점별로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. 유두점으로부터 밑가슴까지의 길이(Length)는 시점별로 유의하게 증가하였다(p < 0.05). 또한, 유두점으로부터 밑가슴까지의 높이는 4주 후, 8주 후 시점에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p < 0.05). Moire’s Topography Score 평가 결과 각 시점별로 유의하게 개선하였다(p < 0.05). 3차원 가슴 부피 분석 값은 각 시점별로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 상관성 분석결과 Moire tophography score는 디지털 이미지 분석 값 중 길이, 높이와 유의한 상관성이 있었고 3차원 부피 분석 값과 유의한 상관성이 관찰되었다. 따라서 Moire’s Topography Score 평가는 이미지 분석과 3차원 부피분석 평가법과 더불어 화장품에 의한 탄력 및 처짐 개선을 평가하는 데 중요한 평가방법으로 사용될 것으로 사료된다. Cosmetic products which might augment the breast have attracted an attention and objective methods for the evaluation of such products are in high demand. This study was conducted to establish a method for assessing the breast-firmming effects of cosmetics. This study included a total of 30 healthy Korean females aged 20-50 years. A cosmetic product was applied by massaging it onto the breast twice a day for 8 weeks. Measurement of breast girth with a tape ruler, 2D and 3D digital image analyses, and Moire topographic analysis were performed before and following the treatment. The application of a cosmetic onto the breast significantly increased breast girth at 2, 4 and 8 weeks without a significant change in underbreast girth, implicating the breast might be augmented. The 2D image analysis indicated that the arc length of the breast which represents the surface distance from the nipple to the periphery of the under-breast was significantly increased at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The height of the breast which represents the perpendicular distance from the nipple to the periphery of the under-breast was also increased significantly at 4 and 8 weeks. The 3D image analysis of body surface also demonstrated a significant increase of breast volume at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Moire topographic analysis indicated that breast sagging was significantly reduced at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The results of this study suggest that Moire topography in combination with 2D and 3D digital image analyses may be useful for evaluating the breast-augmenting effects of cosmetics.

미소 영역의 변형량 측정을 위한 고분해능 원자 현미경 모아레기법

박진형(Jin-Hyoung Park),이순복(Soon-Bok Lee) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11

Moire interferometry is a useful technique to assess the reliability of electronic package because Moire interferometry can measure the whole-field and real-time deformations. The shear strain of a small crack site is important to the reliability assessment of electronic package. The optical limitation of Moire interferometry makes ambiguous the shear strain of a small area. An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to measure the profile of a micro site. High resolution of AFM can apply to the Moire technique. AFM Moire technique is useful to measure the shear strain of a small area. In this research, the method to accurately measure the deformation of a small area by using AFM Moire is proposed. A phase-shifting method is applied to improve the resolution of AFM Moire.

모아레 체형측정법이 청소년기 척추측만증의 조기집단검진 활용 가능성에 대한 평가

한명금,신병철,Han, Myeng-Gum,Shin, Byung-Cheul 척추신경추나의학회 2003 대한추나의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is researching for possibility that Moire topography be applied in group school screening for scoliosis known school health problem, and find acceptable method of early detection and early treatment for scoliosis Methods : The authors practiced Moire topography for primary & middle school 1,895 students[male 976, female 919] in Jeonju, korea in 2001. After we distinguished students who had abnormal finding in Moire topography and then re-examined spinal X-ray analysis. The data was analysed and evaluated statistically Results : According to this research, the abnormal finding in Moire topography was 53.7% (1,018 students), and students needed X-ray re-examination were 11.2% (213 students). Students diagnosed scoliosis by X-ray re-examination were 1.8%. According to statistical analysis, interval between vertical base line of pelvis and vertical base line of neck, gap between left distance and right distance to the vertical base line of pelvis and difference of contour lines have strong correlations with deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire. Conclusions : Following this research, throughout early detection for scoliosis by Moire topography could reduce exposure from scoliosis radiographs, and could detect trunk asymmetry that couldn't be found existing X-ray examination, so it made selecting students under observation who have bad posture possible.

IoT환경에서 무아레 현상을 이용한 사용자 얼굴 인증 기법

조익현,이근호 한국디지털정책학회 2019 디지털융복합연구 Vol.17 No.2

현대에는 모든 사물, 기기들이 인터넷으로 연결되고 네트워크를 통해 IoT 제품을 쉽게 접하면서 IoT 제품을 사용하고 있다. 사용자들의 편리성을 위하여 원격으로 IoT 제품을 직접 조작하지 않고 자동으로 조작할 수 있다. 사용자들이 IoT 제품을 이용하여 생활의 편리성을 향상하기 위한 다양한 연구개발이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 사용자의 편리성만을 추구하다 보니 보안적인 측면에서는 사용자의 개인정보 노출이 되는 심각한 문제가 발생하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IoT 제품에 무아레 기술을 적용하는 방법을 제안하여 보안의 성능을 향상하고, 무아레 현상 방법인 그림자식 무아레, 영사식 무아레를 이용한 사용자 얼굴 인증으로 IoT 제품의 안전성을 높이는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 IoT 제품과 무아레 기술이 적용된 IoT 제품을 비교해 보면 무아레 기술이 적용된 IoT 제품이 보안적인 측면에서 안전하다. In modern times, many IoT products are being used as all things and devices are connected to the Internet and IoT products become easily accessible through the network. For the convenience of users, IoT products can be remotely operated automatically without manual operation. Various research and development are underway to improve the convenience of users by using IoT products. However, since only the convenience of the users is pursued, in terms of security, there is a serious problem that exposes the user's personal information. This paper has proposed a method to apply moiré technology to IoT products in order to improve the performance of security, and a method to increase the safety of IoT products using user face authentication based on shadow moiré as a moiré phenomenon method, and the projection moiré. When comparing the existing IoT products and IoT products applied with moiré technology, IoT products applied with moiré technology are safer in terms of security.

비주기적인 패턴을 이용한 moiré 개선 시트에 관한 연구

안준원,심용식(Y. S. Shim),김영일(Y. I. Kim),박정호(J. H. Park),김혜룡(H. R. Kim) 한국소성가공학회 2010 미세가공 심포지엄 Vol.2010 No.4

Nowadays, the display industry is an integral part of an electronics industry. There are many patterns of light accumulation sheet in display industry. And the patterns have a regularity which is a high frequency. That has a problem which is a moire looks like a movement of huge wave. The solution that is suggested is chaos patterns of sheet. And we used a piezo actuator to vibrate a manufacturing bite for roll-to-roll mass production. We made chaos patterns on sheet through a controlling the direction of vibration as a normal, parallel, and spiny. And we measured a moire and brightness for three conditions. So result of the third condition which is a condition of spiny direction was the best on brightness and reduction of moire. We suggest that engineers have to study about controlling a vibration frequency and displacement by a variable factor.

Conditions for Moire Free Contact-Type 3 Dimensional Displays

송윤철,Vladimir V. Saveljev,손정영,염석원,Yu. A. Vashpanov 한국광학회 2008 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.12 No.2

The superposing angle of the viewing zone forming optics and the display panel in the contact type 3 dimensional imaging systems for minimizing moire′ s is found for a rectangular shape pixel with different aspect ratios. The angles are 26.2609˚for square shape pixels and 13.9858˚for the rectangular with aspect ratio 2. These angles result in the moire′ s with the smallest period for the respective aspect ratio. The effectiveness of the angles is also experimentally demonstrated.