형사법의 최근 동향 수혈거부 환자에 대한 의사의 책임

박기석 ( Gisuk Park ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2015 고려법학 Vol.0 No.78

Medical treatments of medical doctors contain diverse and special observation and decision. In process of medical examination and surgical operation of medical doctor, medical examination and surgical operation of medical doctor unless medical doctor let patients`` health fall. If law intervene medical examination and surgical operation of medical doctor too harshly, medical doctors could not decide and operate medical treatments freely and efficiently. But against rules of basic principles as development of patients`` health, discretion of medical doctors can not be admitted. Discretion of medical doctors could be admitted in range of preservation and encourage of patients`` physical and psychological health. In addition even though patients agree to and demand dangerous medical operation, medical doctors have not to follow these suggestions. In this case the patient of Jehovah``s witnesses refuse to receive blood transfusion through the surgical operation. This selfdetermination that patient of Jehovah``s witnesses refuse to receive blood transfusion can be admitted in the public medical system? Now say it once more if medical doctors admit this suggestion - refusing to receive blood transfusion of the patient of Jehovah``s witnesses-, thi decision could be permitted in criminal law. They have widely divided two opinions on this points. One of them make much of self-determination of patient. This opinion assert that if the patient want not to receive blood transfusion of others, it``s ok for a medical doctor to operate without blood transfusion. Moreover the medical doctor has not to assume criminal responsibility for patient death due to not blood transfusion. The other opinion makes much of life and health of patient. This opinion assert that though the patient stick to his opinion of not receiving blood transfusion of others, the medical doctor can reject the patient``s demand. So medical doctors can choose these two ways of rejecting to operate and suggesting blood transfusion to patient. In my opinion the latter opinion is right. Because in public medical system the most important thing is the life and health of human beings. Even though the patient``s religion belief of not receiving of blood, it can not be admissible in medical treatments and operations of public medical system. On the contrary if the medical doctor accept patient``s dangerous suggestion of not receiving of blood, he has to be responsible of death or hurt of patient. The selfdetermination of not receiving of blood can not justify medical doctor``s reckless attempt of not receiving of blood operation.

근대일본의 의사면허의 변천: 의제부터 의사법까지

김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2013 연세의사학 Vol.16 No.1

In Japan, the modern medical and health administrative framework was created by the implementation of Isei, which was enacted in 1874. The qualification of general practitioners (medical doctors) and their duties were determined by the law. Existing medical doctors could get a temporary license to practice medicine; however, the new rules required medical doctors to pass a qualifying examination (醫術開業試驗, Ijutsu kaigyo siken), which eventually asked questions concerning modern western medical knowledge. New institutions for medical education were built and produced medical doctors educated under the new scheme. By consolidating regulations related to medical and health administration, medical doctors who studied western medical education performed a primary role in medical and health administration. Most doctors trained in traditional chinese medicine and Rangaku (蘭學) became excluded from the medical and health administration gradually. The Medical Act (舊醫師法, kyu-Ishiho) was legislated in 1906 and provided new stipulations for the granting of medical licenses. Only those who graduated from domestic and foreign medical schools became accepted as medical doctors. As a result, the examination for qualifying medical doctors was no longer used. This meant that the new medical license signified a certain status for medical doctors. During wartime, medical doctors were insufficient, and doctors trained as technicians were mass produced. This detracted from the quality of medical doctors and the medical care system, so a new Medical Act (醫師法, Ishiho) was established in 1948 after the war. It enacted a provision for the qualification of medical doctors. They were required to have formal medical school education, pass the National Medical Practitioners Qualifying Examination (醫師國家試驗, Ishikokkashiken), and train at a hospital for a year in an internship system.

한의사의 진단을 위한 의료기기 사용에 관한 소고

김성은(Sung-Eun Kim),백경희(Kyoung-Hee Baek) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2023 과학기술과 법 Vol.14 No.1

South Koreaʼs medical system is dualized into Western medicine and oriental medicine, and accordingly, the doctorʼs license and oriental medical doctorʼs license system are in operation. Until now, the Supreme Court has judged the criteria for determining whether an unlicensed medical practice is established for the use of diagnostic medical devices by oriental doctors as follows. First, the legislative purpose of the dual medical system, Second, the provisions and purposes of laws related to the medical practice, Third, the academic principles underlying the medical practice, and Fourth, the course, purpose, and appearance of the medical practice, Fifth, it is necessary to comprehensively consider whether medical schools and oriental medicine universities have secured expertise through curriculum or national tests, and to make a reasonable judgment in light of social norms. However, the recent Supreme Court's Decision 2016Do21314 Decided December 22, 2022 ruled that oriental doctorsʼs using an ultrasound diagnostic device did not constitute unlicensed medical practice. The criteria for judging the majority opinion of the en banc judgment are as follows. First, the relevant laws and regulations should prohibit oriental medical doctors from using the medical device. Second, in light of the characteristics of the device and the level of basic and professional knowledge and technology required for its use, oriental medicine doctors should use it as an auxiliary means of diagnosis. Third, in light of the circumstances, purpose, and appearance of the entire medical practice, it should be considered whether it is clear that the use of the diagnostic device by oriental doctors is irrelevant to the application and application of it based on the principle of oriental medical practice. Fourth, from the perspective of criminal justice, the meaning of oriental medical practice should be clearly and strictly interpreted from the perspective of oriental medicine doctors, it was judged that diagnostic medical devices should be excluded from criminal punishment unless it is clear that they are not related to the principle of oriental medical practice. The use of medical devices by oriental doctors presupposes or links to oriental doctorsʼ diagnosis and treatment behavior, and diagnosis has a significant role in determining whether to treat or not and setting treatment methods. This paper aims to reduce the possibility of harm associated with medical accidents and help establish a reasonable doctor and oriental medical doctor license system by comprehensively examining diagnostic medical devices that have been mainly problematic.

한국 침구 치료 현황 파악을 위한 설문조사

한창현,신선화,안상우,최선미 대한침구의학회 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.22 No.6

Objectives : This survey was accomplished to find out how Korean medical doctors take acupuncture treatment in real clinics. Methods : The survey questions were developed by the consensus from the professors who major in acupuncture and moxibustion. The questionnaire was given the 2731 Korean medical doctors at the mending education site; In addition, it was given to 793 doctors working at the 105 Korean medical hospitals listed on the National Korean Medical Hospital Associations Address book by postal mail; and also it was given to the 142 public health care Korean medical doctors who attended the conference for the municipal and provincial representatives of the public health service Korean medical doctors. Total of 1277 questionnaires were retrieved out of the 3666 subjects. Results : 1. Nine hundred out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used method of differentiation syndromes(70.4%) and 1184 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors convalescence decide with subjective symptom improvement of patient(92.6%). 2. Nine hundred eight out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used both local and remote points(71.0%) and 916 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors treat with method of reinforcement-reduction(71.7%). 3. Eleven hundred fifth five out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used cupping a boil(90.3%) and 1023 out of 1277 Korean medical doctors used moxibustion(80.1%). Conclusion : When Korean medical doctors treat with acupuncture, most of them diagnose with differentiation methods and meridian theory, decide convalescence with subjective symptom improvement of patient, select out of both local and remote acupuncture points, treat with method of basic reinforcement-reduction, apply moxa and cupping a boil when they are necessary. The cupping a boil comes to be used when being muscle and joint disease. The moxa comes to be used when being chronic disease.

의사-한의사 복수면허자의 진로 선택, 학습 경험 및 업무 경험에 관한 질적 연구

박인효 한국보건사회학회 2023 보건과 사회과학 Vol.- No.62

This study investigates the experiences of individuals holding dual medical licenses, including both medical doctor and Korean Medicine (KM) doctor licenses. The study examines their motivations for obtaining dual licenses, their study and work experiences, and their relationships with fellow students and physicians. The objective of the study is to gain insight into how dual license holders establish their identities in the South Korean medical system, which is strictly divided into modern and traditional sectors. To achieve this objective, a qualitative interview survey was conducted with six multiple licensees of medical doctors and KM doctors. The data indicate that interview participants were interested in obtaining multiple licenses either before, immediately after, or long after completing their first medical schools. During the process of acquiring multiple licenses, respondents recognized differences between biomedicine and traditional Korean medicine, and encountered conflicts between medical doctors and KM doctors in their learning process and relationships with their professors and fellow physicians. In this process, it can be observed that dual license holders are often required to choose between their Western medical identity and their KM identity, in situations where conflicts arise between Western medical doctors and KM doctors. Consequently, they may face challenges in fully utilizing their medical skills within the South Korean healthcare system. Unlike previous studies that relied on quantitative analysis, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how the lives and experiences of medical holders of both medical doctor and KM doctor licenses are linked to the characteristics of the Korean medical system, from the perspective of medical pluralism. 본 연구는 의사 면허와 한의사 면허를 복수 취득한 의료인들의 복수면허 선택 과정 및 학습경험, 면허 취득 후의 진료 경험 및 동료 의료인과의 관계를 살펴봄으로써, 현대 의학과 전통의학 분야로 엄격히 분리이원화된 한국의 전문직 의료체계의 환경에서 이들은 어떠한 경험을 하며 자신의 의료적 정체성을 만들어가는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 의사-한의사 복수면허자 6명을 대상으로 질적 면접 조사를 시행하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료에 따르면, 면담참여자들은 첫 번째 의학 계열에 진학 후 면허 취득 전, 첫 번째 면허 취득 직후, 혹은 면허 취득 후 임상/연구직에 오래 종사한 후 복수면허 취득에 관심을 갖게 된 것으로 답하였는데, 이들은 상대측 의학지식에 대한 관심과 처음 선택한 분야의 의학지식에 대한 의구심, 의학적 지식의임상적 구현과정에서 한계 인식, 상대측 의료인과의 만남과 처음 선택한 의료인과의 갈등 관계속에서 복수면허 취득에 관심을 갖게 된 것으로 답하였다. 복수면허 취득 과정에서 응답자들은학습과정과 동료 학생 및 교수와의 관계 속에서 의학과 한의학의 차이, 의사와 한의사 간의 갈등에 대해 인식하게 되는 한편, 복수면허 취득 후에도 이러한 차이와 갈등은 경력을 이어가는과정에서 이들의 직업적 선택과 정체성 형성 과정에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 해석되었다. 이러한과정에서 복수면허자들은 의사, 한의사 간 갈등이 첨예한 상황에서 한쪽으로의 의료적 정체성을 선택해야 하는 상황에 놓이거나, 자신들의 의료적 역량을 최대한 발휘하는 데에 어려움을 겪게되는 환경에 처해있는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 양적분석을 바탕으로 한 선행연구와 달리 의사-한의사 복수면허자들이 자신의 실제 경험 속에서 복수면허 취득 동기와 학습 및 임상경험 등 복수면허자로서 자신의 의료적 정체성을 형성하는 과정에 대해 스스로 해석하고 의미를 부여하는 과정을 살펴봄으로써 이들의 삶과 경험 속에 한국 의료체계의 분리이원화된 특성이 어떻게 드러나는지에 대해 의료다원주의 개념을 바탕으로 보다 깊이 있게 이해할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 있다.

중국 근대 의학교육체제의 모색 - 베이징협화의학원(PUMC)의 영미파 西醫를 중심으로

조정은 ( Jo Jeongeun ) 한국중국학회 2020 중국학보 Vol.93 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 록펠러재단(The Rockefeller Foundation)의 영향력 아래에 있던 베이징협화의학원 (北京協和醫學院; Peking Union Medical College, 이하 PUMC)에 주목하여 영미파(英美派) 서의(西醫) 가 중국 의학교육을 이끌기 위해 어떤 구상을 하고 있었는지 밝히는 것이다. 서의란 서양 근대의학을 배우고 실천한 중국인 의사를 뜻한다. 유학한 나라 혹은 교육언어, 출신학교의 성격에 따라 크게 영미파와 일독파(日獨派)로 나눌 수 있다. 베이양정부(北洋政府) 시기에는 일독파가 우세하였으나, 난징국민정부(南京國民政府)에 이르면 영미파가 서의계의 중심 세력으로 성장한다. 그리고 이 과정에서 록펠러재단의 지원은 무시할 수 없는 힘을 발휘하였다. 록펠러재단은 미국의 유명한 석유 부호 존 록펠러(John D. Rockefelle)가 1913년 설립한 자선사업 단체이다. 록펠러재단의 차이나 메디컬 보드(China Medical Board, CMB)는 위생행정을 실행할 수 있을 정도의 수준 높은 중국인 의사 및 위생 전문가의 양성을 목표로 PUMC를 인수했다. PUMC 교육 체제의 가장 큰 특징이자 장점은 모든 수업을 영어로 진행했다는 점이다. 수준 높은 서의를 양성하여 이들이 중국의 의학을 선도하도록 하려면, 빠르게 변화하는 의학 지식을 문제없이 배울 수 있어야 하기 때문이다. PUMC의 영미파 서의에게 있어 PUMC는 자신들의 사회적 지위를 보장하고 교육적 이상을 실현할 수 있는 중요한 장소였다. 이는 파버 보고서(Faber’s Report)에 대한 PUMC 관련 의료전문가의 의견을 살펴봄으로써 잘 알 수 있다. 파버 보고서란 파버(Knud Faber) 박사가 1930년 가을 국제연맹에 제출 한 중국 의학교육에 대한 보고서이다. 파버 보고서가 제출된 후, 의료전문가들은 보고서의 내용에 관한 비공개 토론회에 참석하거나 의견서를 제출하여 생각을 교류했다. 이들 중에 많은 수가 영미파 서의이자 PUMC의 교수진이었다. 이 보고서에서 파버 박사는 교육부가 잠정적으로 생각하고 있던 두 종류의 의학교 운영 계획을 지지했다. 즉 그는 수준 높은 소수의 의료 엘리트를 양성하는 의과대학(Medical College)과 다수의 의료전문가를 양성할 수 있는 의학전문학교(Special Medical School)를 함께 운영해야 한다고 보았다. 그러나 PUMC 관련자들은 이 주장을 탐탁지 않게 여겼다. 수준 낮은 서의를 대량으로 양성하는 건 중 국의 의학 발전에 큰 도움이 안 된다고 생각했기 때문이다. 이들은 의과대학 교육체제의 표준을 정 립하고 기존 의과대학의 수준을 높이는게 더 중요하다고 주장했다. 그러나 서의의 수가 너무 부족 하므로 일단 수준이 낮더라도 빠르게 많은 수의 서의를 양성할 수 있는 체제가 필요하다는 주장도 거셌다. 의견의 일치를 보지 못하자 PUMC의 류루이헝은 일단 시범 학교를 운영해 보고, 2년 후에 그 경험을 가지고 어떻게 의학교를 바꿀 것인지 논의하자는 대안을 내놓았다. 결국 의료전문가들은 고등 보통 의과대학(Higher Normal Medical College)과 더불어 실험적 의학교(Experimental Medical School)를 운영하는데 잠정적으로 합의했다. 이 과정에서 PUMC 관련자는 PUMC가 과학적인 의학교육의 표준을 세우는 일에 큰 역할을 담당 할 수 있다고 거듭 강조했다. 고등 보통 의과대학은 다른 의과대학의 모범이 될 수 있는 수준 높은 교육체제를 갖춘 대학이어야 한다. 즉, PUMC야말로 고등 보통 의과대학으로 삼아야 할 대학이었다. 또한 PUMC의 자원과 인력은 실험적 의학교의 운영에도 큰 도움이 될 수 있었다. 우선 뛰어난 교수 진을 보유하고 있어, 실험적 의학교의 운영에 필요한 실력 있는 교사를 파견할 수 있었다. 특히 전문 가들이 두 부류의 의과대학 모두 영어 교육이 필수라고 인정했기 때문에, PUMC 출신 의사의 입지는 더욱 단단해질 것이 분명했다. 이 외에도 PUMC 관련자들은 PUMC의 잘 갖춰진 설비와 시설을 활용 하여 중국에 더 나은 의학교육을 제공할 기회를 얻을 수 있으리라 자신했다. 이처럼 파버 보고서를 둘러싼 논의에서 알 수 있듯이, PUMC 관련 영미파 서의는 PUMC를 모범으로 삼아 중국의 의학교육체제를 정비해야 한다고 생각했다. PUMC가 외국의 지원을 받아 운영되고 외국인의 영향력이 강한 의과대학이라는 점은 큰 문제가 되지 않았다. PUMC의 역할이 강조될수록, 의학교육에서 PUMC 관련 영미파 서의의 입지도 강화될 것이었다. 실제로 PUMC의 영미파 서의는 오히려 외국과의 연계를 통해 얻은 서구식 교육과 유학 경험, 영어 능력, 높은 수준의 의학적 지식을 이용하여 점차 중국 서의계의 주류로 떠오르게 된다. This paper aims to inquire into the plans of the Britain-America faction(英美派; yingmeipai) to take the lead in Chinese medical education, focusing on Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) under the influence of the Rockefeller Foundation. Western medical doctors(西醫; xiyi) refer to Chinese doctors, who learned Western modern medicine and practiced. Western medical doctors can be classified into a Britain-America faction a Japan-Germany faction(日獨派, 德日派; deripai) depending on the countries, where they studied, or educational languages and the characters of the schools that they graduated from. At first, the Japan-Germany faction was predominant, but the Britain-America faction began to grow as the central power of the Western medical doctors’ circles over time. The support from the Rockefeller Foundation exerted a significant force in this process. The Rockefeller Foundation is a charity founded by John D. Rockefeller, a famous American oil millionaire, in 1913. The China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation took over PUMC with the aim of fostering highly-qualified Chinese doctors and hygienists that were capable of fulfill health administration. The most distinguishing feature and strongest point of PUMC’s education system is all the classes were run in English, because students needed to learn rapidly changing medical knowledge with no problem to be Western medical doctors of high standard and lead Chinese medicine. Western medical doctors from PUMC became the pivot of the Britain-America faction, based on their high-level English skills and medical knowledge, experience in studying in Europe and America and linkage with the Rockefeller Foundation. In other words, PUMC was a crucial place for Western medical doctors of the Britain-America faction to guarantee their social positions and realize an educational ideal. This is well displayed in the views of PUMC-related medical experts on the Faber’s Report. Faber’s Report is about Chinese medical education submitted by Doctor Knud Faber to the League of Nations in 1930. The most important suggestion in this report was to manage the Medical College training a minority of highly-qualified medical elites in combination with a normal medical school that could teach a majority of medical experts. The persons involved in PUMC did not welcome this suggestion, thinking that training a large number of low-level Western medical doctors would not help much in developing Chinese medicine. They claimed it was more important to establish the standard of the medical school education system and raise the levels of existing medical schools. However, there was also a strong argument that a system for training a lot of Western medical doctors quickly was required regardless of the levels of Western medical doctors, in order to improve the extreme shortage of the number of Western medical doctors. When they were failing to reach an agreement, J. Heng Li(劉瑞恒) of PUMC put forward an alternative to talk about how to change the medical school two years after running a model school. Finally, the experts tentatively agreed to run the Experimental Medical School along with the Higher Normal Medical College. During this process, the persons involved repeatedly stressed that PUMC could perform a role in establishing the standard of scientific medical education. PUMC with a high level of education system that could set a good example for other medical schools was indeed qualified to serve as a higher normal medical college. Besides, PUMC’s own resources and manpower could be of big help when managing the experimental medical college. Since they were equipped with the outstanding teaching staff, the college was able to dispatch its competent teachers required to run the experimental medical college. Especially, it was obvious that doctors from PUMC could build up a stronger presence, as the importance of English education was recognized by all the experts. The well-organized facilities and institutions of PUMC were also enough to provide a higher level of medical education. As stated above, Western medical doctors of the Britain-America faction from PUMC thought there was a need to improve the Chinese medical education system so they could strengthen their positions too. It was not a big problem that PUMC was funded by overseas countries and highly influenced by foreigners. Instead, Western medical doctors of the Britain-America faction began to emerge as the mainstream in the Chinese world of Western medical doctors, using their experience in receiving Western education and studying abroad, high English skills and a high level of medical knowledge.

한국 TV 의학 드라마에 나타난 의사 캐릭터 유형 변화 양상 연구

황영미(Hwang YoungMee) 세계한국어문학회 2011 세계한국어문학 Vol.5 No.-

이 연구는 한국 TV 의학 드라마에 등장하는 의사 캐릭터를 유형화하고 그 변화양상을 추적하여 의학 드라마의 변천을 모색하는 데 있다. 의학 드라마란 병원이라는 공간에서 벌어지는 의사의 직업적 갈등과 삶의 모습을 핵심 사건으로 하는 드라마이다. 그동안 제작 · 방송되었던 한국의 TV 의학 드라마는 많지만, 의사의 유형에 대해서 연구된 바가 거의 없다. 이에 이 연구에서는 현재까지 방송된 모든 TV 의학 드라마를 대상으로 의사 캐릭터를 살펴 이를 유형화하였다. 국내 최초의 의학 드라마인 <소망>(1980)을 기점으로<사이코드라마, 당신>(1984), <제7병동>(1988), <종합병원>(1994), <의가형제>(1997), <해바라기>(1998), <메디컬센터>(2000), <하얀거탑>(2007), <외과의사 봉달희>(2007), <뉴하트>(2007), <종합병원2>(2008), <비포&애프터 성형외과>(2008), <산부인과>(2010), 등의 의학 드라마를 모두 분석 대상으로 하였다. 인물의 유형이란 주어진 상황과 조건에서 어떤 선택을 하느냐에 따라 달라지는데, 이 선택에는 조직사회 구성원으로서 판단과 개인적 판단이 요소가 된다. 이에 이 연구는 의사 캐릭터 유형을 조직 사회 구성원으로서의 요소와 개인적 요소로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 전자를 의학적 가치관별로 이상적 인본주의와 의학적 현실주의로 구분하고, 권력지향성별, 실력별유무로 구분하여 유형화하였다. 후자인 개인적 요소로는 성격별, 행동별, 환자대응방식별로 유형화하였다. 점차 개인적 요소보다 조직 사회 구성원으로서의 요소가 강화되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 의학 드라마에서 의학적 갈등의 현실성이 강화되고, 의학 드라마로서의 전문성이 강화됨으써 인물이 보다 전문성을 확보할 수 있었던 것에도 원인이 있다. 온정주의적 의사보다 자기분야의 지식을 완벽하게 습득하고 치료능력이 띄어난 의사, 의학적 지식과 장비를 효율적으로 실행할 수 있는 의사를 이상적으로 그리고 있는 경향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 이 연구에는 각 드라마의 행동자 모델 분석을 통해서도 이를 증명하였다. 이 연구는 그동안 방송되었던 한국 TV 의학 드라마에 나타나는 의사 캐릭터의 특성 분석 지표를 개발하고 이를 통해 각 드라마에 등장하는 의사 캐릭터 유형을 분석하여 향후 의학 드라마에 등장하는 의사 캐릭터의 이미지 제고를 위한 방향 제시를 하는 데 이바지할 수 있을 것이다. This study aims to categorize the doctor characters appeared in Korean TV medical dramas by far and trace the changes in them so as to offer a due to improving the quality of Korean medical dramas. A medical drama typically focuses on the occupational conflicts and life of a doctor against the backdrop of a hospital. Until now, a number of medical dramas were produced and aired in Korea. However, little research has been made into the type of doctors illustrated in them. This study tried to figure out all the doctor characters depicted in each and every Korean TV medical drama and categorize them into several types. On the list of medical dramas for character analysis were <Wish >(1980, Korea's first medical drama), <Psychodrama You >(1984), <The Seventh Ward>(1988), <General Hospital > (1994), <The Doctor Brothers >(1997), <Sunflower >(1998), <Medical Center >(2000), <White Tower >(2007), <Bong Dalhee the Surgeon>(2007), <New Heart>(2007), <General Hospital 2> (2008), <Before & After, the Plastic Surgery Clinic >(2008), and < OB & GY> (2010). In this study, the common features of doctor characters shown in medical dramas were examined by comparing them with the ones in ordinary dramas. Firstly, character types of each drama were analyzed by applying Greimas’s actantial model A person's character type changes according to his/her choices under certain circumstances and conditions. Such choices involve the person's judgments both as a member of an organization and as an individual. Accordingly, as a second approach to the study objective, each doctor character was examined from both organizational and individual angles. In analyzing the organizational aspects, doctor characters were classified, based upon their value system, into the ones that represent ideal humanism and medical realism. They were also categorized on the basis whether they are power - oriented and whether they have capability as a doctor. In examining individual aspects, doctor characters was categorized by their personalities in the way they treat the patients, individual deficiency. Medical TV Drama signified that individual aspens began to take a bigger portion than organizational aspects in a doctor's character. In part, this was because the drama was able to grant a professional image to its character by describing conflicts in the medical field more realistically than ever and by upgrading the profession. approach of a medical drama. It was evident that an ideal doctor is one who has completely mastered knowledge in his/her field, who has superb ability to cure patients, and who can effectively use medical knowledge and equipment. This study proved that by analyzing the actantial model of each drama. Through this study, the index for analyzing doctor characters illustrated in Korean TV medical dramas was developed and the types of doctor characters were grouped into certain categories in order to present a tip to enhancing the image of doctor characters in the upcoming medical dramas.

한의사와 중의사의 면허제도에 관한 비교 고찰

왕비 ( Wang Fei ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2021 외법논집 Vol.45 No.3

한의학과 중의학(中醫學)은 한국과 중국의 전통의학으로서 같은 의학이론체계에서 기원했지만, 역 사에 따라 완전히 다른 의료체계로 발전하였다. 지난 세기 이래 서양의학의 빠른 치료효과와 의료장비의 발달, 그리고 과학적인 치료방법은 전세계의 의료체계에 지대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 사회발전과 의료위생 구조의 변화에 따라 노인병, 만성질환환자가 늘면서 난치병 치료에서 서양의학의 한계가 점점 뚜렷해지고 있다. 이에 반해 전통의학은 부작용이 적고 가격이 저렴하며 독특한 치료기법으로 노인병, 만성병, 난치병 등의 분야에서 강점이 점차 드러남에 따라 전세계적으로 전통의학의 인기가 다시 높아지고 있다. 한국은 1951년 국민의료법의 개정을 통해 한의학과 양의학의 두 체계가 공존하며 동등한 법적 지위를 갖는 이원화된 의료체계를 마련하게 된다. 이원화된 의료체계로서 한의학과 서양의학을 구분하고 있고 한의학과 서양의학의 교육과정과 치료방법이 다르므로 한의사의 한방의료행위와 의사의 의료 행위에 대해 면허된 것 이외의 의료행위는 무면허 의료행위로 해석하고 있다. 중국에서는 중의학(中醫學)과 서의학(西醫學)이 서로 융합, 발전하는 태세이다. 국가는 중서의결합 의학(中西醫結合醫學)을 장려하며, 국가의 정책지원하에 중의, 서의, 중서의결합의의 다방면의 의료 체계를 공동 발전시키고 있고 세계 전통의학시장에도 진출하고 있다. 중국 관련법에서는 중의사의 업무범위에 대한 명확한 규정이 없고 중·서의사가 상대 학과의 의료행위를 무제한 행사하는 현상은 현실에서 법제의 혼란을 초래할 수 있다고 사료된다. 의료행위가 고도의 위험성을 가지고 있어 전문적인 의료인이 아닌 경우 국민의 생명, 신체나 공중 위생에 대해 엄중한 위해성을 초래할 수 있으므로 무면허 의료행위는 엄격히 금지되어야 한다. 이러한 법익을 보호하기 위하여 형벌을 사용하여 제재하는 것이 마땅히 필요하지만 무면허 의료행위와 면허 된 것 이외의 의료행위를 구별 없이 강력한 형벌권의 행사는 의료인의 자율성에 심각한 제약을 야기 하였으며 자율권을 보장하는 세계적 추세에도 부합되지 않는다. 과학기술의 발전으로 인해 미래의 의료 분야에서는 현대 과학기술의 교차와 융합에 관한 더 많은 법적인 문제들을 야기할 것이다. 본 연구는 한의사와 중의사 면허제도의 비교를 통하여 두 제도 각각의 장단점을 살펴보고 한의사와 중의사의 면허제도의 원활한 전개 및 양국의 전통의학 법률체제의 건전한 발전을 촉진하고자 한다. As traditional medicine in Korea and China, Korean medicine and traditional Chinese medicine originated from the same medical theory system but developed into a completely different medical system depending on history. Since the last century, the rapid therapeutic effect, advanced medical equipment, and scientific treatment methods of Western medicine have profoundly impacted the traditional medicine system worldwide. With changes in social development and medical hygiene structure, the increase of the number of elderly and chronic diseases, and the limitations of Western medicine in treating incurable diseases are becoming more pronounced. In contrast, traditional medicine has fewer side effects, lower prices, and unique treatment techniques, which have revealed its strength in geriatric disease, chronic disease, incurable disease. As a result, the popularity of traditional medicine around the world is increasing again. Through the revision of the National Medical Law in 1951, Korea has established a dualized medical system. The dualized medical system distinguishes Korean medicine from Western medicine, and the curriculum and treatment methods of Korean medicine and Western medicine are different, medical practices out of licensed practice scope of Korean medicine doctors and Western medicine doctors are interpreted as unlicensed medical practices. In China, traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are poised to develop fusion, and the government encourages the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine. With the support of the national policy, it is advancing in a multilevel medical system, including traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine, and integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine. However, the related law does not have a precise regulation on the practice scope of traditional Chinese medicine doctors, and the phenomenon that traditional Chinese medicine doctors and Western medicine doctors exercise medical activities in each other’s departments unlimitedly can confuse the medical-legal system. Since medical practice involves invasions of the human body and contains risks that can cause harm to human life and public health, unlicensed medical practice should be strictly prohibited. But the strong punishment without distinction between unlicensed medical practices and medical practices out of licensed practice scope has caused serious restrictions on the autonomy of medical doctors and is not consistent with the global trend of ensuring autonomy. The development of science and technology will lead to more legal issues regarding the intersection and convergence of modern technology in the medical field of the future. This article compares the qualification system of Korean medicine doctors and traditional Chinese medicine doctors and analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages. It seeks to promote the smooth development of the qualification system of Korean medicine doctors and traditional Chinese medicine doctors and the healthy development of the traditional medical-legal systems of the two countries.

‘생의학적 세계’에 적응하기: 양한방 협진병원에 근무하는 한의사의 생의학적 지식과 의사–한의사 간 관계 형성 과정

박인효 한국문화인류학회 2018 韓國文化人類學 Vol.51 No.1

The relationship between biomedicine and traditional medicine (TM)/ complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been widely discussed within the concept of medical pluralism in the discipline of medical anthropology since the 1970s, as a result of the reemergence of TM and CAM worldwide. As a case study, this work explores the relationship between doctors of Korean medicine (KM) and biomedical doctors in the clinical practices in which they are mutually involved with patient management under ‘Western–Korean Cooperative Treatment’ (WKCT). Grounded upon the concepts of ‘medical pluralism’ and ‘biomedical dominance in situations of medical pluralism’ as the main framework, this work finds the crucial mediating factors that enable KM and biomedical doctors to work together despite their different viewpoints on health and illness, and to examine their power relations in the process of the WKCT in clinical settings. Based upon the field research in 4 hospital settings in the city of Busan, this study advances the argument that KM doctors’ biomedical knowledge plays a central role when KM and biomedical doctors communicate with each other for cooperative patient management. In the process of the WKCT, KM doctors are continually asked to recall, utilize and develop their biomedical knowledge to communicate with biomedical doctors who do not have any KM knowledge. In this situation, unequal power relations between biomedical doctors and KM doctors–with equal legal status as “medical doctors”–come into view in the daily clinical process of the WKCT in hospital settings,. The inequality is not explicitly visible in the South Korean medical system while they work in separate spaces. The findings of this study contrast with the majority of previous research on biomedical dominance over traditional medicine, which has predominantly devoted attention to the medical suppliers’ different legal statuses or the medical consumers’ different socio-economic statuses. 자연과학적 원리를 바탕으로 한 의료체계인 생의학의 영역을 담당하는 의사와 동아시아전통의학의 원리를 바탕으로 전문화된 한국의 전통의학 분야를 담당하는 한의사 간의 갈등과 대립은 최근 한국 사회에서 증대되고 있는 대표적인 직역 간 갈등의 사례로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 생의학(biomedicine)과 전통의학 혹은 보완대체의학 간의 관계에 대한 논의는 의료다원주의(medical pluralism) 개념을 바탕으로 의료인류학, 의료사회학 및 의료사 분야에서 활발히 이루어져왔다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 생의학과 전통의학/보완대체의학 간의 관계에 대한 사례로서 동등한 법적 지위와 분리된 업무영역을 갖고 있는 의사와 한의사가 동일한 공간에서 공동으로 환자 관리에 관여하는 양한방 협진 과정을 통해 어떠한 관계가 형성되는지를 살펴보았다. 부산 지역 양한방 협진병원 네 곳에서의 현지조사를 바탕으로 한 연구결과에 따르면, 협진의뢰의 빈도 및 의존도, 상대측 의학에 대한 관심 및 이해의 정도, 협진을 주로 보내는 질환의 특성 등에 있어서 의사와 한의사 간에 차이가 발견되었는데, 의사에 비해한의사가 보다 빈번하게 협진을 의뢰하는 가운데 상대측의 진료 및 의료지식에 보다 큰 관심과 이해를 갖고 있었고, 의사의 한방 진료 및 지식에 대한 관심과 이해도가 낮은 상황에서한의사의 생의학적 지식이 협진과정에서 양측을 연결해주는 핵심적인 요소로 작용하고 있었다. 이러한 과정에서 한의사들은 자신의 생의학적 지식을 재생하고 학습하며 생의학 친화적인 병원 공간에 적응해야 하는 상황이 계속되었고, 이러한 상황은 동일 공간에서 함께 근무하는 의사와 한의사 간의 불균등한 관계 형성에 지속적인 영향을 끼치고 있었다. 이러한연구결과는 생의학 담당자와 전통의학 담당자 간의 명시적인 지위의 차이가 나타나지 않는한국의 의료다원주의 상황에서 생의학이 전통의학에 대해 우위를 드러내는 과정이 일상적인 임상적 과정에서 형성되는 상황임을 다층적으로 보여주고 있다.

의학전문직업성의 관점에서 바라본 대한민국 의학드라마 속의 의사상

강석훈 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2018 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.13 No.1

Background: TV dramas can affect the identity of a person or group that the public perceives by presenting virtualized characters and events. The image of a doctor in the medical drama can influence the identity of a contemporary physician group. The authors analyze several medical dramas in Korea from the viewpoint of medical professionalism and try to contribute to the enlightment of the image of the doctor. Method: Among the medical dramas that have been broadcast since medical professions began to appear, 5 dramas were selected for analysis. The author reviewed them by four major areas of medical professionalism: contribution to society, compliance with the four principles of medical ethics, professional autonomy, and recognition from society and scored an upper-middle-lower grade. Results: ‘Contribution to society’ and ‘recognition from society’ were well-founded in all dramas, except ‘Doctor Stranger’. In the case of ‘compliance with the four principles of medical ethics’, ‘Golden Time’ and ‘Romantic doctors Kim’ most frequently violated it. The ‘medical ethics principle’ was frequently infringed on ‘Doctor Strangers’, In the case of ‘Doctors’, the violation of the ethics principle was reduced as the conflict between the drama characters were emphasized. ‘Professional autonomy’ is best demonstrated by stubborn doctors appearing in ‘Golden Time’ and ‘Romantic Doctors Kim’. Conclusion: It is necessary to criticize the doctors image in the current drama from the view point of the medical professionalism and to continue to teach the drama writer about medical professionalism.