학교 교육과 기업 내 훈련이 생산기능직 근로자의 학습곡선에 미치는 영향

노용진,김미란 한국직업능력개발원 2019 직업능력개발연구 Vol.22 No.2

This study conducts an empirical study on production workers’ learning curve, and how education and training affect the slope and intercept of the learning curve, utilizing the 3rd to 7th waves of the Human Capital Corporate Panel Survey administered by KRIVET. This study draws the following hypotheses. Firstly, education has a positive effect on the slope of the learning curve and a negative effect on its intercept. Secondly, corporate training has a negative and positive effect on the slope and intercept of the learning curve, respectively. The regression models are based on an ordered logit model. The dependent variable of this model is skill level, and its main independent variables include tenure with the first and second orders, education levels, training hours, interaction of tenure and education, and interaction of tenure and training hours. This study finds that the estimates for tenure with the first and second orders are significantly positive and negative, respectively, indicating that the learning curve is invertedly U-shaped with its peak on 24 years of tenure (53 years in terms of age). The results of this study indicate that junior college and university or higher education raise the slope of the learning curve significantly, while technical high school does not affect its slope significantly. On the other hand, the intercept of the learning curve is negatively affected significantly by technical high school, junior college, and university or higher education. The results also indicate that corporate training raises the intercept of the learning curve, and weakly drops the slope of the learning curve. 본 연구는 HCCP 근로자 조사 자료(3-7차 웨이브)를 이용해서 생산기능직 근로자의 학급곡선을 추정하고 학교 교육과 기업 내 훈련이 생산기능직 근로자의 학습곡선에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 실증 분석하였다. 본 연구는 교육과 훈련의 기본 특성에 기반 한 이론적 추론을 통해서 다음과 같은 가설을 도출하였다. (1) 학교 교육은 학습곡선의 기울기를 올리고 절편을 떨어드릴 것이다. (2) 훈련은 학습곡선의 기울기를 떨어뜨리고 절편을 올릴 것이다. 실증분석은 서열로짓모형에 기반을 두었으며, 종속변수는 숙련 수준 범주이며, 주된 독립변수는 근속년수 1차 및 2차항, 학력 범주, 훈련시간, 근속년수 1-2차항과 훈련시간의 교차항, 근속년수 1-2차항과 학력 범주 변수의 교차항 등이었다. 분석 결과 근속년수 1-2차항에 대한 추정치들이 각각 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)과 음(-) 값을 보이고 있어서 근속년수 24년 정도(연령으로는 53세 정도)에 최고 숙련 수준에 도달하는 역U자형을 보이고 있다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 전문대학과 4년제 대학 이상의 학교 교육이 학습곡선의 기울기를 올리고 절편을 떨어뜨리고 있음을 보여주고 있지만, 공업고등학교 교육은 학습곡선에 미치는 영향이 더 약함을 보이고 있다. 한편 기업 내 훈련은 학습곡선의 절편을 높이고 있지만, 학습곡선의 기울기에 대해서는 약하게 음(-)의 방향으로 작용하고 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과들을 요약・해석하고 정책적 시사점과 연구의 한계를 논의하였다.

Surgical outcomes of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma based on the learning curve of a single surgeon at a tertiary academic hospital: A retrospective study

Hye Jeong Park,Dai Hoon Han,Gi Hong Choi,Jin Sub Choi 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: Although it is difficult to master the surgical learning curve for treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA), there have been no studies on surgical outcomes between a novice and an experienced surgeon. Thus, the current study attempted to evaluate surgical outcomes from a single surgeon based on learning curve for surgical treatment of HCCA. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2016, a single surgeon performed surgical treatment for 108 patients with HCCA at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Among them, 101 patients with curative surgical resection were included in this study. The learning curve was assessed by a moving average graph and CUSUM method using operation time. Surgical outcomes between the early period group (EPG) and the late period group (LPG) were compared according to learning curve. Results: Operation time (603.17±117.59 and 432.03±91.77 minutes; p<0.001), amount of bleeding during operation (1127.86±689.54 and 613.05±548.31 ml; p<0.001), and severe complication rates (47.6% and 27.1%, p=0.034) were significantly smaller in the LPG. There was no significant difference in R0 resection rate (85.7% and 76.3%; p=0.241) as well as long-term survival rate. Conclusions: In this study, operation time, amount of bleeding during operation, length of hospital stay, and severe complication rate were improved after stabilization of the learning curve. However, R0 resection rate and survival outcomes were not significantly influenced by the learning curve for surgical treatment of HCCA.

Totally Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy after Learning Curve Completion: Comparison with Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy

Kim, Han-Gil,Park, Ji-Ho,Jeong, Sang-Ho,Lee, Young-Joon,Ha, Woo-Song,Choi, Sang-Kyung,Hong, Soon-Chan,Jung, Eun-Jung,Ju, Young-Tae,Jeong, Chi-Young,Park, Taejin The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2013 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: The aims are to: (i) display the multidimensional learning curve of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, and (ii) verify the feasibility of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy after learning curve completion by comparing it with laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to June 2012, 247 patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (n=136) and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (n=111) for early gastric cancer were enrolled. Their clinicopathological characteristics and early surgical outcomes were analyzed. Analysis of the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy learning curve was conducted using the moving average method and the cumulative sum method on 180 patients who underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Results: Our study indicated that experience with 40 and 20 totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy cases, is required in order to achieve optimum proficiency by two surgeons. There were no remarkable differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy groups. The two groups were comparable in terms of open conversion, combined resection, morbidities, reoperation rate, hospital stay and time to first flatus (P>0.05). However, totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy had a significantly shorter mean operation time than laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (P<0.01). We also found that intra-abdominal abscess and overall complication rates were significantly higher before the learning curve than after the learning curve (P<0.05). Conclusions: Experience with 20~40 cases of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is required to complete the learning curve. The use of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy after learning curve completion is a feasible and timesaving method compared to laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy.

Totally Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy after Learning Curve Completion: Comparison with Laparoscopy -Assisted Distal Gastrectomy

김한길,정상호,이영준,하우송,최상경,홍순찬,정은정,주영태,정치영,박태진,박지호 대한위암학회 2013 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: The aims are to: (i) display the multidimensional learning curve of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, and (ii) verify the feasibility of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy after learning curve completion by comparing it with laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to June 2012, 247 patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (n=136) and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (n=111) for early gastric cancer were enrolled. Their clinicopathological characteristics and early surgical outcomes were analyzed. Analysis of the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy learning curve was conducted using the moving average method and the cumulative sum method on 180 patients who underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Results: Our study indicated that experience with 40 and 20 totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy cases, is required in order to achieve optimum proficiency by two surgeons. There were no remarkable differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy groups. The two groups were comparable in terms of open conversion, combined resection, morbidities, reoperation rate, hospital stay and time to first flatus (P>0.05). However, totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy had a significantly shorter mean operation time than laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (P<0.01). We also found that intra-abdominal abscess and overall complication rates were significantly higher before the learning curve than after the learning curve (P<0.05). Conclusions: Experience with 20~40 cases of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is required to complete the learning curve. The use of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy

머신러닝 기법을 이용한 미계측 유역에 적용 가능한 지역화 유황곡선 산정

정세진,이승필,김병식 한국수자원학회 2021 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.54 No.12S

Low flow affects various fields such as river water supply management and planning, and irrigation water. A sufficient period of flow data is required to calculate the Flow Duration Curve. However, in order to calculate the Flow Duration Curve, it is essential to secure flow data for more than 30 years. However, in the case of rivers below the national river unit, there is no long-term flow data or there are observed data missing for a certain period in the middle, so there is a limit to calculating the Flow Duration Curve for each river. In the past, statistical-based methods such as Multiple Regression Analysis and ARIMA models were used to predict sulfur in the unmeasured watershed, but recently, the demand for machine learning and deep learning models is increasing. Therefore, in this study, we present the DNN technique, which is a machine learning technique that fits the latest paradigm. The DNN technique is a method that compensates for the shortcomings of the ANN technique, such as difficult to find optimal parameter values ​​in the learning process and slow learning time. Therefore, in this study, the Flow Duration Curve applicable to the unmeasured watershed is calculated using the DNN model. First, the factors affecting the Flow Duration Curve were collected and statistically significant variables were selected through multicollinearity analysis between the factors, and input data were built into the machine learning model. The effectiveness of machine learning techniques was reviewed through statistical verification. Low flow는 하천수의 공급관리 및 계획, 관개용수 등 다양한 분야에 영향을 미친다. 이러한 유황곡선을 산정하기 위해서는 30년 이상의 충분한 기간의 유량자료의 확보가 필수적이다. 하지만 국가하천 단위 이하의 하천의 경우 장기간의 유량자료가 없거나 중간에 일정기간 동안 결측된 관측소가 있어 하천별 유황 곡선을 산정하기에 한계가 있다. 이에 과거에는 미계측 유역의 유황을 예측하기 위해 다중회귀분석(Multiple Regression Analysis), ARIMA 모형 등 통계학적 기반의 기법들을 사용하였지만, 최근에는 머신러닝, 딥러닝 모형의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최신 패러다임에 맞는 머신러닝 기법인 DNN기법을 제시한다. DNN기법은 ANN기법의 단점인 학습과정에서 최적 매개변수 값을 찾기 어렵고, 학습시간이 느린 단점을 보완한 방법이다. 따라서 본연구에서는 DNN 모형을 이용하여 미계측 유역에 적용 가능한 유황곡선을 산정하고자 한다. 먼저, 유황곡선에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 수집하고 인자들 간의 다중공선성 분석을 통해 통계적으로 유의한 변수를 선정하여, 머신러닝 모형에 입력자료를 구축하였다. 통계적 검증을 통해 머신러닝 기법의 효용성을 검토하였다.

다양한 학습곡선을 반영하는 시그모이드 함수 기반 진도관리 시뮬레이션 모델

이규진(Yi, Kyoo-Jin) 대한건축학회 2016 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.32 No.3

Sigmoid modeling method, one of the widely used learning curve modeling methods, has its limits in implementing construction project cash flows, because it generates learning curve with just one single complicated formula. Therefore it needs to be developed to cope with practical situations - where many factors affect the shape of learning curves. This study adopts system dynamics modeling method to simulate S-shaped learning curves. The simulation model was constructed to apply various factors in modeling learning curves. It introduced several factors such as initial d디ay variance, cost variance, target date, productivity variance and these factors enable the simulation model to apply various situations of construction projects, such as schedule delay, cost increase, lagging work speed. While conventional sigmoid curve modelling is difficult to reflect changes in the middle of the project, the proposed model allows variable adjustment any time of the project progression. Statistical evaluation showed that it is 955 confident that the simulated result of the proposed model matches conventional sigmoid curve. It can be used for finding appropriate daily productivity by comparing the learning curves of target duration and actual duration, and can also be helpful forecasting cash flow features for S-shaped learning curve model.

주기적 반복법을 활용한 한국어 어휘 학습 시스템 개발 연구 : 학습용 어휘 선정 기준 및 정보 구축 방법을 중심으로

이효정(Lee, Hyojeong) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.3

목적 본 연구의 목적은 유학생의 학업 수학 능력을 향상하는 데 일조할 수 있는 웹 기반 방식의 시스템을 개발하는 방안에 대해 논하는 데 있다. 이 과정에서 특히 학습용 어휘를 선정하는 기준과 정보를 구축하는 방법, 주의점 등을 집중적으로 논하고자 하였다. 방법 한국어 어휘 학습 시스템 개발은 학습 환경을 ‘분석’하고, 시스템과 콘텐츠를 ‘설계’하며, 설계한 내용을 기반으로 구체적인 ‘개발’에 들어가는 과정을 거친다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 어휘 학습 시스템은 ‘주기적인 반복’을 할 수 있도록 설계하였는데, 학습자의 요구를 조사하여 하루 학습량 및 학습 시간, 어휘 정보의 제시 범위 등을 결정하였고, 이를 시스템 설계 시 반영하였다. 결과 연구와 개발 과정을 통해 인지적인 변별 과정을 통한 학습 어휘 재설정, 주기적인 반복, 게임과 같은 흥미 요소의 결합 등을 반영한 어휘 학습 시스템이 설계되었다. 한국어 어휘 학습 시스템 설계 시 어휘의 제시 범위 선정, 다의어 처리 방법, 학습용 어휘 번역 정보 구축 방안, 학습용 예문 구성 방안 등에 대해 심도 깊은 논의가 이루어졌다. 결론 본고에서 제안하는 어휘 학습 시스템은 학습자의 자가 인지 과정을 통해 아는 어휘와 모르는 어휘를 구분한 뒤 모르는 어휘 학습에 집중하게 하고, 주기적인 반복을 통해 망각을 최소화함으로써 중고급 단계의 무수히 많은 어휘를 빠르게 습득할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있다. 어휘 학습 시스템을 설계하고 개발하는 한국어교육 연구자들은 어휘를 선정하고 제시하는 방안에 대해 지속적으로 연구를 진행하여야 한다. 또한 학습 효과 증빙과 온/오프라인 결합 수업, 다양한 유형의 어휘 학습 시스템 개발에 대해서도 지속적으로 추가 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다. Objectives The purpose of this study is to discuss ways to develop a web-based system that can help to improve academic and scholastic ability of international students. In particular, this study intended to intensively discuss the criteria for selecting vocabulary for learning and how to build information. Methods The development of the Korean vocabulary learning system goes through the process of “analyzing” the learning environment, ‘designing’ the system and contents, and going into specific ‘development’ based on the designed content. The vocabulary learning system proposed in this study is designed to perform ‘periodic repetition,’ and the daily amount of learning, learning time, and the scope of vocabulary information were determined by investigating the needs of learners, and this was reflected in the system design. Results Through the research and development process, in-depth discussions were made on the resetting of learning vocabulary through cognitive discrimination, periodic repetition, selecting the scope of vocabulary presentation when designing the Korean vocabulary learning system, how to deal with words with multiple meanings, how to build vocabulary translation information for learning, and how to organize example sentences for learning. Conclusions The vocabulary learning system proposed in this study helps learners to focus on learning vocabulary that he or she does not know after classifying the vocabulary that the learner knows and does not know through the process of self-cognition process, and can help to quickly acquire countless vocabulary words of intermediate and advanced level by minimizing oblivion through periodic repetition. Korean language education researchers who design and develop vocabulary learning system should continuously conduct research on how to select and present vocabulary. Also, further research needs to be continuously conducted on the proof of learning effect, online/offline combined classes, and development of various types of vocabulary learning system.

내시경하 자궁근종절제술의 Learning curve

송수진 ( Song Su Jin ),김철호 ( Kim Cheol Ho ),김성희 ( Kim Seong Hui ),박은영 ( Bak Eun Yeong ),박근식 ( Bak Geun Sig ),문화숙 ( Mun Hwa Sug ),김경서 ( Gim Gyeong Seo ),주보선 ( Ju Bo Seon ),김상갑 ( Gim Sang Gab ) 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.12

목적 : 내시경하 자궁근종절제술의 learning curve를 결정하고 효율성과 유용성에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 1996년부터 2002년까지 문화병원 산부인과에서 한 명의 주술자에 의해 시행된 26예의 개복하 자궁근종절제술 (I군)과 59예의 내시경하 자궁근종절제술 (II군)에 대해 후향적인 연구를 진행하였다. II군을 다시 learning curve동안 (1996-1998년)에 시행한 17예 (IIA군)와 learning curve (1 Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of laparoscopic myomectomy compared to open myomectomy Methods : A retrospective study of 85 cases of myomectomy was performed. Twenty six cases of open myomectomy (group I) and 59 cases of laparos

Learning Curve of Pure Single-Port Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Lee, Boram,Lee, Yoon Taek,Park, Young Suk,Ahn, Sang-Hoon,Park, Do Joong,Kim, Hyung-Ho The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2018 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: Despite the fact that there are several reports of single-port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (SPDG), no analysis of its learning curve has been described in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the favorable factors for SPDG and to analyze the learning curve of SPDG. Materials and Methods: A total of 125 cases of SPDG performed from November 2011 to December 2015 were enrolled. All operations were performed by 2 surgeons (surgeon A and surgeon B). The moving average method was used for defining the learning curve. All cases were divided into 10 cases in a sequence, and the mean operative time and estimated blood loss data were extracted from each group. Results: Surgeon A performed 68 cases (female-to-male sex ratio, 91.1%:8.82%), and surgeon B performed 57 cases (female-to-male sex ratio, 61.4%:38.5%). The operative time of surgeon B significantly decreased after 30 cases ($157.8{\pm}38.4$ minutes vs. $118.1{\pm}34.5$ minutes, P=0.003); that of surgeon A did not significantly decrease before and after around 30 cases ($160.8{\pm}51.6$ minutes vs. $173.3{\pm}35.2$ minutes, P=0.6). The subgroup analysis showed that the operative time significantly decreased in the patients with body mass index (BMI) of <$25kg/m^2$ (<$25kg/m^2$:${\geq}25kg/m^2$, $159.3{\pm}41.7$ minutes: $194.25{\pm}81.1$ minutes; P=0.001). Conclusions: Although there was no significant decrease in the operative time for surgeon A, surgeon B reached the learning curve upon conducting 30 cases of SPDG. BMI of <$25kg/m^2$ was found to be a favorable factor for SPDG.

Learning curve for single-port robot-assisted rectal cancer surgery

Moon Suk Choi,Seong Hyeon Yun,Chang Kyu Oh,Jung Kyong Shin,Yoon Ah Park,Jung Wook Huh,Yong Beom Cho,Hee Cheol Kim,Woo Yong Lee 대한외과학회 2022 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.102 No.3

Purpose: We analyzed the learning curve of single-port robotic (SPR)-assisted rectal cancer surgery. Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive SPR-assisted rectal cancer surgery cases performed by the same surgeon were considered in surgical interventions for rectal cancer. Total operation time (OT), docking time (DT), and surgeon console time (SCT) measured during surgery were used to parametrize the learning curve. The parameters representing the learning curve were evaluated using the cumulative sum (CUSUM). Results: The mean value of total OT was 241.8 ± 91.7 minutes, the mean value of DT was 20.6 ± 19.1 minutes, and the mean value of SCT was 135.9 ± 66.7 minutes. The learning curve was divided into phase 1 (initial 16 cases), phase 2 (second 16 cases), and phase 3 (subsequent 25 cases). The peak on the CUSUM graph occurred in the 21st case. The longest OT among phases was in phase 2. Complications were most frequent in phase 2. However, complications of Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade IIIb were most frequent in phase 3 with 2 patients. The most common complications were fluid collection and urinary retention (7 patients each). Complications of CD grade IIIb required one stomal revision due to stoma obstruction and one irrigation and loop ileostomy due to anastomosis leakage. Conclusion: Improvement in surgical performance of SPR assisted rectal cancer operation was achieved after 21 cases. The three phases identified in the cumulative sum analysis showed a significant decrease in operative time after the middle stage of the learning curve without an increase in the complication rate.