토끼안구 전방에 유령세포 주입후 섬유주에서의 유령세포의 역할

신정철,고명규,최준규 한양대학교 의과대학 1993 한양의대 학술지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to confirm whether ghost cell in the anterior chamber could block the outflow pathway to lead the increase of the intraocular pressure. Autologous ghost cell was injected into the anterior chamber to observe the fate of the ghost cell was injected into the anterior chamber to observe the fate of the ghost cell in 6 pigmented rabbits within normotensive ocular pressure. The fresh blood from the 6 pigmented rabbits was aspirated to make ghost cell, which was formed in the incubator under the two weeks-incubation. The eyeball was enucleated on 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after infection of ghost cell into the anterior chamber respectively to observe the trabecular meshwork under the transmission electron microscopy. Ghost cells and red cellular debris are observed within the cytoplasm fo the macrophage and endothelial cells of the trabecular meshwork. The nuclear membrane of the trabecular endothelial cell was also markedly indented to indicate the increased activity of the endothelial cell. These findings suggest that ghost cells and red cellular debris may be eliminated through the processes of the phagocytosis and digestion by the trabecular endothelial cell as the biologic filter. Ghost cell within the trabecular meshwork may be a minor role in the elevation of the intraocular pressure.

Ghost Cells : An Overview

Manas Bajpai 대한임상예방치과학회 2011 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.7 No.4

Ghost cell is a dead cell in which the cell outline remains is visible, but whose nucleus and cytoplasmic structures are not stainable Formerly, ghost cell have been considered to represent a form of true or aberrant keratinization simple cell degeneration or enamel matrix but the true nature of these cells has not been determined. Ghost cell maybe due to abnormal keratinization, related to ischemia, coagulative necrosis. Calcification may occur in some of the ghost cell and represent dystrophic calcification the aim of this paper is an attempt to describe in detail about the origin, microscopic appearance and histopathologic features of ghost cells.

치성상피종양으로부터 상악에 발생한 치성유령세포암종의 치험례

김진학(Jin-Hak Kim),김문기(Moon-Key Kim),차인호(In-Ho Cha),김진(Jin Kim),김현실(Hyun-Sil Kim),최희수(Hee-Soo Choi),김형준(Hyung-Jun Kim) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2004 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

The neoplastic variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst has various designation, and its malignant counterpart has been reported as aggressive epithelial ghost cell tumor or odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma. Odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma(OGCC) is a rare carcinoma first documented in 1985. It is composed of varying sized islands of anucleated cells with homogenous, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm, so called ghost cells, were admixed with nucleated cells. We report a case of maxillary OGCC developed from odontogenic epithelial tumor in a 25-year-old man with literature review.

Current Concepts and Occurrence of Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors: II. Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor Versus Ghost Cell Odontogenic Tumors Derived from Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

이석근,김연숙 대한병리학회 2014 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.48 No.3

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors (CEOTs) and ghost cell odontogenic tumors (GCOTs) are characteristic odontogenic origin epithelial tumors which produce calcifying materials from transformed epithelial tumor cells. CEOT is a benign odontogenic tumor composed of polygonal epithelial tumor cells that show retrogressive calcific changes, amyloid-like deposition, and clear cytoplasm. Differentially, GCOTs are a group of transient tumors characterized by ghost cell presence, which comprise calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT), and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC), all derived from calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs). There is considerable confusion about COCs and GCOTs terminology, but these lesions can be classified as COCs or GCOTs, based on their cystic or tumorous natures, respectively. GCOTs include ameloblastomatous tumors derived from dominant odontogenic cysts classified as CCOTs, ghost cell-rich tumors producing dentinoid materials as DGCTs, and the GCOT malignant counterpart, GCOCs. Many authors have reported CEOTs and GCOTs variably express keratins, β-catenin, BCL-2, BSP, RANKL, OPG, Notch1, Jagged1, TGF-β, SMADs, and other proteins. However, these heterogeneous lesions should be differentially diagnosed to allow for accurate tumor progression and prognosis prediction.

치성유령세포종의 면역조직화학 특성과 β-catenin 돌연변이 검색

김수아,황덕호,안상건,윤정훈 대한구강악안면병리학회 2005 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Odontogenic ghost cell tumor (OGCT) is considered as a neoplastic counterpart of the calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC). β-catenin mutations have been described in COC suggesting a critical role in its histogenesis. In this study, we report a patient with OGCT contains a missense mutation on codon 3 (ACT -> TCT). Immunohistochemistry showed nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membranous accumulation of β-catenin in the tumor cells. TUNEL assay showed positive signals in nucleated cells adjacent to the ghost cells. Our data suggest that β-catenin plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of OGCT. OGCT may developed by improper differentiation process coordinated by WNT signaling pathway. Further studies are needed to determine a genotypic/phenotypic characteristics of ghost cell containing odontogenic lesions.

Importance of Individual Ghost Cells in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnosis of Pilomatricoma

한강희,하화정,공준석,명재경,박선후,김정순,신명순,설혜실,고재수,이승숙 대한병리학회 2018 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.52 No.1

Background: Although histological diagnosis of pilomatricoma is not difficult because of its unique histological features, cytological diagnosis through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often problematic due to misdiagnoses as malignancy. Methods: We reviewed the cytological features of 14 cases of histologically-proven pilomatricoma from Korea Cancer Center Hospital, with a discussion on the diagnostic pitfalls of FNAC. Results: Among 14 cases of pilomatricoma, 10 (71.4%) were correctly diagnosed through FNAC, and two (14.3%) were misdiagnosed as carcinoma. Cytologically, all cases had easily recognizable clusters of basaloid cells and foreign body-type multinucleated cells. Although ghost cells were also found in all cases, some were inconspicuous and hardly recognizable due to their small numbers. Conclusions: An accurate diagnosis of pilomatricoma in FNAC is feasible with consideration of clinical information and close examination of ghost cells.

가동물체형 구조물 해석을 위한 Simplified Immersed Boundary법의 개발

이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee),김도삼(Do-Sam Kim) 한국해안해양공학회 2021 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.33 No.3

고정된 격자시스템에서 임의형상의 불투과 경계를 갖는 물체와 유체와 연성해석이 가능한 IB(Immersed Boundary)법이 개발 된 이후로 다양한 CFD 모델에서 IB법의 활용이 증가하고 있다. 기존의 IB법의 대부분은 구조물의 경계면에서 산정되는 유체력으로부터 수치적으로 경계조건을 만족시키는 directing-forcing법이나 구조물 내부에 가상셀을 위치시켜 보간을 통해 경계조건을 만족시키는 ghost-cell법들로 알고리즘이 복잡하다. 본 연구에서는 고정된 격자시스템에서 가동물체형 구조물 해석이 가능함과 더불어 3차원으로의 확장도 용이한 SIB(Simplified Immersed Boundary)법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 SIB법은 각 상(phase)의 밀도함수가 국소질량의 중심과 함께 이동하는 것으로 가정한 단일유체모델(one-field model for immiscible two-phase fluid)을 기초로 하였다. 또한 이동하는 고체상태의 구조물을 취급하기 위해 고체의 밀도함수를 이용한 체적가중평균법을 적용하고, 수치확산을 방지하기 위해 이류계산에는 CIP법을 적용하였다. 제안된 SIB법의 해석성능을 검토하기 위해 자유수면으로 낙하하는 물체에 대한 수치모의를 수행하였다. 수치해석결과는 자유수면으로 낙하하는 물체를 양호하게 재현하였다. Since the IB (Immersed Boundary) method, which can perform coupling analysis with objects and fluids having an impermeable boundary of arbitrary shape on a fixed grid system, has been developed, the IB method in various CFD models is increasing. The representative IB methods are the directing-forcing method and the ghost cell method. The directing-forcing type method numerically satisfies the boundary condition from the fluid force calculated at the boundary surface of the structure, and the ghost-cell type method is a computational method that satisfies the boundary condition through interpolation by placing a virtual cell inside the obstacle. These IB methods have a disadvantage in that the computational algorithm is complex. In this study, the simplified immersed boundary (SIB) method enables the analysis of temporary structures on a fixed grid system and is easy to expand to three proposed dimensions. The SIB method proposed in this study is based on a one-field model for immiscible two-phase fluid that assumes that the density function of each phase moves with the center of local mass. In addition, the volume-weighted average method using the density function of the solid was applied to handle moving solid structures, and the CIP method was applied to the advection calculation to prevent numerical diffusion. To examine the analysis performance of the proposed SIB method, a numerical simulation was performed on an object falling to the free water surface. The numerical analysis result reproduced the object falling to the free water surface well.

Pilomatricoma 환아에 대한 증례 보고

서현우,김지혁,박호원 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

Pilomatricoma(Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe)는 모낭 세포 기원의 양성 연조직 종양으로, 보통 머리와 목 부위에 나타나며, 20세 이전의 여성들에게서 호발하고, 악성으로의 전이가 보고되기도 하나, 이는 극히 드물다. 임상적으로, 무통성, 표재성, 고형성이며 종종 적청색을 나타내고, 크기는 보통 0.5~3.Ocm 정도로 다양하게 나타난다. 조직학적으로, 세포기질 내에 상피조직이 존재하는 형태이며, 상피조직에서는 기저제포(basaloid cell)와 유령세포(ghost cell)가 특징적으로 나타나고, 세포내와 기질내 석회화가 종종 관찰되기도 한다. 진단은, 초진시 고형 물질의 촉진으로 병소를 의심해볼 수 있고, 조직병리학적 검사로 확진할 수 있다. 감별진단으로는 아가미낭(branchial cyst), 혈관종(hemangioma), 횡문근육종(rhabdomyosarcolna), 표피포함낭(epidermal inclusion cyst), 모낭(pilar cyst), 이하선 종양(parotid gland tumor), 피부의 골종(osteomas of the skin) 림프절의 석회화(calcified lymph nodes), 죽종(atheromas) 등이 있다. 치료로는 외과적 절제술이 추천되며 재발은 드물다. 본 증례는 우측 하악각 부위에 결절이 촉진되는 6세 여자 환아에게서 임상 검사와 방사선 검사 후 병소의 외과적 절제술을 시행하였으며, 조직병리학적 검사를 통해 pilomatricoma로 확진되었고, 양호한 치료 결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고하는 바이다. Pilomatricoma is a benign soft tissue tumor of hair follicle origin. They occur most commonly in the head and neck region and are usually found in girls during the first two decades of life. Although malignant transformation has been described, it is exceedingly rare. The clinical presentation is typically that of an asymptomatic, superficial, solitary, firm mass that is often accompanied by a reddish-blue discoloration of the overlying skin. Histopathologically pilomatricoma are seen as epithelial islands embedded in a cellular stroma. The epithelial component consist of two main cell types : basaloid cells and ghost cells. Intracellular and stromal calcification is reported in many cases. Diagnosis is usually suspected based on palpation of a superficial, rock-hard mass and confirmed by histopathologic examination. Surgical excision is both curative and the treatment of choice. Recurrence is rare. In this case, the radiographs showed a dense calcification, measuring about 1cm diameter. So simple excision was performed intraorally, and resultantly the lesion was proved to be a pilomatricoma by histological examination.

치아종을 동반한 석회화 치성낭의 치험례 : CASE REPORT

이상엽,김대업,이광희 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

석회화 치성낭은 비교적 드문 낭으로 하나의 독립된 유형의 치성 병소로 인정받고 있지만, 조직학적 소견이 다양하고 분류체계도 학자들마다 다르다. 석회화 치성낭의 이장상피는 중층편평상피로 되어 있으며, 상피층 내에 특징 세포인 유령세포가 출현한다. 유령세포들은 인접한 결합조직에 치성조직을 유도할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있어 법랑모세포종, 법랑모세포 치아종, 법랑모세포 섬유치아종, 치아종 등의 치성종양이 합병되어 발생하기도 한다. 외과적 제거 후 재발율은 적지만 치성종양이 병발될 경우가 있기 때문에 반드시 조직병리학적 검사를 수행하여야 한다. 7세 남아가 상악 좌측 중절치의 미맹출을 주소로 원광대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원하였다. 방사선 사진에서 맹출되지 않은 상악 좌측 중절치 및 측절치 치관 상방에 방사선 불투과성 물질이 보였다. 초기 임상적 방사선학적 검사 결과 치아종으로 진단하였으며, 외과적 적출 및 생검을 시행하였다. 적출물은 불규칙적인 석회화 물질로 구성된 복잡 치아종 양상을 보였으며 상피조직으로 싸여 있었다. 조직병리학적 검사 결과, 이장상피에서 유령세포의 군집이 관찰되었고, 석회화 조직은 법랑질, 상아질 형태의 조식들이 혼합된 양상을 보여, 복잡 치아종을 동반한 석회화 치성낭으로 진단하였다. 본 증례에서와 같이 매복치 상방의 치아종 양상의 병소가 관찰 되었을 때 석회화 치성낭의 가능성을 염두에 두어야 할 필요가 있다. Calcifying odontogenic cyst(COC) is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst, which shows diverse classification and terminology. Cystic epithelial lining of COC is composed of basal cell layer of columnar cells and overlying layer of stellate reticulum. In the epithelium, ghost cells that might induce adjacent mesenchymal tissue to develop dental organ are shown characteristically. In spite of low rate of recurrence, we have to get a histopathological examination so that odontogenic lesions may recur without fully curettage of lining epithelium. 7-year-old male child came pediatric dentistry in wonkwang university dental hospital in order to check the delayed eruption of left maxillary central incisor. Radiographic examination revealed a well-defined radiopaque mass, overlapping impacted left central and lateral incisor crown. Enucleated mass was tooth-like features and also had epithelium lining. Results of histopathologic procedure, we saw the lots of ghost cell and proliferating hard dental tissues. Also we saw the cystic epithelium cells. It revealed diagnosis of the COC associated complex odontoma. For this reason one should consider of COC when patients present odontoma-like lesion with impacted tooth.

Chemically induced bacterial ghosts: a novel approach for advancing biomedical applications

박신영 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2023 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.19 No.4

Background Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes derived from bacteria, making them safe and non-replicative, and BGs have shown great potential as a vaccine platform. Specifi cally, chemically induced BGs are generated by selectively removing the cytoplasmic content of bacterial cells while preserving the structural integrity of the cell envelope. Objective Generally, BGs are genetically engineered, but this is limited to Gram-negative bacteria. However, the utilization of chemically induced BGs can be extended to Gram-positive bacteria, resulting in empty bacterial envelopes that hold potential as a platform for drug delivery. Results Chemically induced BGs off er several advantages, including improved safety profi le and immunogenicity, and effi - cient antigen presentation. Preclinical studies have yielded promising results, exhibiting enhanced immune responses and protection against diverse pathogens. Conclusion Chemically induced BGs represent a novel and promising approach for vaccine development, holding the potential for advancing disease prevention and public health. Purpose of review In this review, we discuss key aspects of chemically induced BGs, including their production principles, mechanisms of formation, characterization techniques, immunogenicity, and medical applications. We also discuss the challenges and direction of future research for optimizing production methods for chemically induced BGs, evaluating long-term safety, and undertaking clinical trials to assess their effi cacy.