Effects of boundary strength on geminate duration in English

오은혜 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.3

Payne (2005) argues that fake geminates are longer than true geminates and Ridouane (2007) shows that their preceding vowel duration is also significantly longer. These effects are likely due to the boundary that distinguishes fake from true geminates. If this is correct, boundary strength is expected to affect fake geminates with different morpheme boundaries. In Experiment 1, we investigated this possibility by comparing the absolute and consonant-to-vowel durations of assimilated (Level 1) and concatenated (Level 2) word-internal and cross-word boundary fake geminates in English (e.g., immoral vs. unnamed vs. fun name). The results showed that both types of concatenated fake geminates were shorter than assimilated fake geminates in relative terms. A follow up experiment, comparing geminates in compound words to those emerging across words showed no differences in relative duration between the two. These results suggest that boundary strength may be less important than boundary decomposability in production. Overall, we argue that boundary decomposability impacts the phonetic implementation of geminates and likely does so whether these are true or fake.

Effects of boundary strength on geminate duration in English

Eunhae Oh 한국음운론학회 2013 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.19 No.3

Payne (2005) argues that fake geminates are longer than true geminates and Ridouane (2007) shows that their preceding vowel duration is also significantly longer. These effects are likely due to the boundary that distinguishes fake from true geminates. If this is correct, boundary strength is expected to affect fake geminates with different morpheme boundaries. In Experiment 1, we investigated this possibility by comparing the absolute and consonant-to-vowel durations of assimilated (Level 1) and concatenated (Level 2) word-internal and cross-word boundary fake geminates in English (e.g., immoral vs. unnamed vs. fun name). The results showed that both types of concatenated fake geminates were shorter than assimilated fake geminates in relative terms. A follow up experiment, comparing geminates in compound words to those emerging across words showed no differences in relative duration between the two. These results suggest that boundary strength may be less important than boundary decomposability in production. Overall, we argue that boundary decomposability impacts the phonetic implementation of geminates and likely does so whether these are true or fake.

Geminate and singleton contrast in English affixed words

Yu, Hye Jeong Korean Society of Speech Sciences 2022 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.14 No.3

This paper presents two experiments examining different gemination behavior of English affixes. Experiment 1 focused on geminates through affixation with im-, un-, -ness, and -ly. The English group articulated geminates with longer absolute and relative durations than singletons for im-, un-, and -ness, but there was no difference for -ly. This suggests that -ly words are more likely to be perceived as whole words, and that -ly is less decomposable. Furthermore, un- geminates exhibited longer absolute and preceding vowel durations than im- geminates, suggesting that im- is more decomposable than un-. However, the Korean group produced geminates with longer absolute and relative durations than singletons for all im-, un-, -ness, and -ly, and produced comparable absolute durations of im- and un- geminates. Experiment 2 investigated different gemination behaviors of locative and negative im- prefixes. The English group showed durational contrast between geminates and singletons only for negative im-, indicating that locative im- is not easily separated from stem. However, the Korean group produced longer absolute and relative durations for geminates than for singletons for both locative and negative im-. According to the findings of Experiments 1 and 2, affix decomposability is less likely to influence Korean speakers' English affix gemination, and spellings may have a greater influence.

한국어 중첩 비음의 길이에 대한 고찰

양순임(Sun Im Yang) 한국어학회 2011 한국어학 Vol.51 No.-

Geminated consonants are one of the highly controversial topics. The main issue is what is the phonetic cue to differentiate single consonants and geminated consonants, But the study have not yet done on Korean nasals, The purpose of this study is to finds these questions and discuss comparing with other languages and Korean unvoiced geminates. The results is 1) All the duration factors(the duration of V1 and C, the ratio of C/V1. V1/all, C/all) have distinctive roles between geminated nasals and single nasals. 2) Geminated nasals are distinguished from the single nasals by its numerator C duration factors regardless of speaker, speech form(citation, sentence, discourse form), and materials. 3) The closure duration ratio of single nasals to geminated nasals is the minimum 1:1.66 maximum 1:3.71. 4) Any duration factor can not distinguish true geminates from apparent geminates. 5) The duration of C and the ratio of C/V1. C/all of geminated nasals are quite distinct from single nasals across the speech rates. 6) Consonants and long sounds are more sensitive to change of speech rates than vowels and short sounds. The properties of nasal geminates are similar with plosive geminates. On the basis of the properties of duration, the nasal gemination can be explain with tense sounds like plosive gemination.

Identifying the locus of L2 pronunciation: an exploratory study of geminate production by Chinese L2 learners of Japanese

Seunghun J. Lee,Gaku Kurita,Jeremy Perkins 서울대학교 외국어교육연구소 2018 외국어교육연구 Vol.22 No.-

Chinese L2 learners of Japanese are identified as showing difficulties in the production of Japanese geminates. The idea of being difficult-to-listen is embodied in the concept Comprehensibility (Derwing & Munro 2015). This study first reviews the native pronunciation of Japanese singleton vs. geminate contrast. Then, we report findings based on the pronunciation by 20 Chinese learners of Japanese and discuss the issue of comprehensibility in geminate production. While the contrast in the closure duration between singleton and geminate consonants shows a similar pattern to reported Japanese speech, the learners show large differences in the vowel duration preceding and following consonants. We report findings from a linear mixed model that was run with speaker as a random effect. The results show that participants do not make differences in vowel duration, or the difference in vowel duration is reversed from L1 Japanese speakers. Identifying the locus of the source of an L2 accent should be accompanied with intelligibility and comprehensibility. Such identification is important in increasing comprehensibility in speech that is already intelligible.

한국어 자음군의 후행모음에 나타난 발성유형의 음향음성학적 연구

박한상,Park, Han-Sang 대한음성학회 2007 말소리 Vol.64 No.-

This study investigates phonation types of Korean obstruents associated with the vowels immediately following singletons or geminates in intervocalic positions. F0, H1-H2, and spectral tilt were measured from the 20 ms segment at the onset of the vowels for the tokens of /paCa/ and /paCCa/, where Cs are of the same manner and place of articulation. The results showed a remarkable change in the values of F0, H1-H2, and spectral tilt as the preceding obstruents shifts from the lenis singletons to the lenis geminates, which suggests that the spectral characteristics of the vowels following the lenis geminates are not different from those of the vowels following fortis singletons or geminates. Significantly enough, this study adds data about the spectral characteristics of Korean phonation types.

Underlying Representation in Geminates: From an OT Perspective

( Hong Sung Hoon ),( Suh Chang Kook ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2003 현대영어영문학 Vol.47 No.2

부정 접두사 in- 의 위치동화에 나타난 음성·음운론적 특성에 대한 언어 유형적 접근

장우혁(Chang, Woohyeok),심상완(Sangwan Shim) 한국음운론학회 2021 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.27 No.2

In this paper, the presence and absence of place assimilation of the alveolar nasal in the negative prefix in- before stems which begin with a bilabial nasal <m> is discussed by comparing the prefix in Spanish with its occurrence in other languages (English, French, Italian, and Latin). In most languages, the nasal /n/ in the negative prefix in- undergoes place assimilation. However, it is interesting to note that this nasal sound in the Spanish negative prefix does not assimilate to a following bilabial nasal, so the geminate <mm> cannot be detected in Spanish. Phonetically, it has been revealed that the assimilated geminate nasal <mm>, which is produced after applying place assimilation to the nasal in the negative prefix, is not longer than a singleton <m>. Therefore, we can say that it is harder for listeners to perceive an ambisyllabic nasal [m] of the assimilated geminate in other languages than heterosyllabic nasals [n.m] in Spanish. For the phonological analysis, OT has been employed to categorize languages into two types (with or without place assimilation) by differentiating constraint rankings.

Vowel Length Change in LuGanda

Kim, Gyung-Ran 서울대학교 어학연구소 2004 語學硏究 Vol.40 No.4

This paper reviews the analysis of compensatory lengthening in LuGanda by Clements (1986) and reanalyses it in the framework of OT. First, the defects of Clements' analysis in CV-phonology are pointed out: inconsistent use of C and V slots in representing nasals and consonants, syllabification problems with word-initial nasal clusters and geminate consonants, and an extrinsic ordering of many rules in resolving vowel hiatus. These problems are shown to be eliminated by the interaction of faithfulness and markendness constraints. The first problem does not occur in our OT-based analysis at all. The second one is solved by the constraint ranking M_(AX)-C ≫ M_(AX-μ), *C_(omp). Vowel hiatus contexts are also resolved by the constraint ranking. Especially, the directionality of vowel deletion is decided by constraints such as a contiguity constraint I-C_(ONTIG)[X, R_(OOT)] and a positional faithfulness constraint M_(AX)-Wi and by their position in the ranking. The former constraint is responsible for preserving the contiguity of a root and its immediately preceding segment, while the latter is for keeping word-initial segments, which are salient compared with their word-medial or word-final counterparts. Violability and strict domination of OT constraints are shown to be important in explaining the change in vowel length in LuGanda.

야쿠트어 폐쇄자음 연구-러시아어 차용어휘 분석-

강덕수 ( Duck Soo Kang ),김지선 ( Jee Sun Kim ),홍준희 ( Jun Hee Hong ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2007 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.39

Duck-soo Kang.Jee-sun Kim.Jun-hee Hong. 2007. A Study of Obstruents in Yakut through Analysis of Borrowed Words from Russian. Language and Linguistics 39, 1-16. One of the most important constraints in Yakut is connected with syllabic structure. Its syllabic structure is based on CV. So the constraint of "NoGeminates" is strictly applied. And the harmony between features is also considered important. Yakut has the strict constraint on the phonotactical relations. In Yakut a feature [constricted glottis] works more vigorously than [voiced]. This feature is combined with a feature [+back] or [+lab], making new constraints on the initial place: *#[+back, -CG], *# [+lab,+CG]. Finally, consonantal assimilation in obstruents of Yakut is dominated by 2 lows of constraints. VowelHarmony >> Ident-CV[pl] >> NCP >> *[+palatal]# >> Ident-IO; *#[+back, -cont][+back,-high] >> *#[+back,-CG], *# [+lab,+CG] >> [+cont] >> NoGem >> Ident-IO >> *[+voiced]#