Elucidation of headspace volatilome in Polianthes tuberosa fl ower for identifying non-invasive biomarkers

Saborni Maiti,Adinpunya Mitra 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.2

To date, no volatilome study has used the dynamic headspace method, based on adsorption–desorption principle, to investigatethe chemical divergence of fl oral fragrance in Polianthes tuberosa L. (cv. Calcutta Single). This study proposes a suitableadsorbent/solvent combination to analyze emitted volatiles from this fl ower, allowing for a qualitative, and tentativelyquantitative, fl oral volatilome using a holistic approach. Here, 13 diff erent adsorbent/solvent combinations were used todetermine the total emitted volatilome, from in situ and plucked fl owers, using headspace and gas chromatography–massspectrometry. Several adsorbent/solvent combinations were explored to optimize trapping the most diverse range of volatileorganic compounds in a single attempt. A mixture of porous polymers (Porapak or Tenax) with graphite or charcoal werebest when combined with dichloromethane as the eluting solvent. Among the two solvents, dichloromethane showed betterdesorption effi ciency than hexane. For better elucidation of any specifi c chemical group, suitable adsorbent and solventshould be chosen properly or the quantity or quality of the volatilome captured would be compromised. Three distinct classesof volatile organic compounds were categorized: aromatics, terpenes, and fatty acid derivatives. Maximum diversity, alongwith quantity, was found with the aromatic group. Total chemical divergence of volatilome from in situ and freshly pluckedfl owers was similar. Benzyl salicylate, methyl 2-amino benzoate, germacrene D, farnesal, farnesyl acetate, and delta decalactonemay be considered biomarkers for the origin of P. tuberosa fl oral scent.

후각 센서를 이용한 냄새 인식 및 실감형 멀티미디어 표현 기술

이현구,노용완 (사)디지털산업정보학회 2010 디지털산업정보학회논문지 Vol.6 No.4

In this paper, we propose a floral scent recognition using odor sensors and a odor display using odor distribution system. Proposed odor recognition has method of correlation coefficient between sensors that select optimal sensors in floral scent recognition system of selective multi-sensors. Proposed floral scent recognition system consists of four module such as floral scent acquisition module, optimal sensor decision module, entropy-based floral scent detection module, and floral scent recognition module. Odor distribution system consists of generation module of distribution information, control module of distribution, output module of distribution. We applied to floral scent recognition for performance evaluation of proposed sensors decision method. As a result, application of proposed method with floral scent recognition obtained recognition rate of 95.67% case of using 16 sensors while applied floral scent recognition system of proposed sensor decision method confirmed recognition rate of 96% using only 8 sensors. Also, we applied to odor display of proposed method and obtained 3.18 thorough MOS experimentation.

Orchid floral volatiles: Biosynthesis genes and transcriptional regulations

Ramya, Mummadireddy,An, Hye Ryun,Baek, Yun Su,Reddy, Kondreddy Eswar,Park, Pue Hee Elsevier 2018 Scientia horticulturae Vol.235 No.-

<P>Floral scent and colour are key trait for many floricultural crops. Floral volatiles are biologically and economically important plant derived compounds and they play vital role in pollinator attraction, plant defense and interaction with surrounding the environment. Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most widespread families of flowering plants, with more than 25,000 species. Orchids are one of the most significant plants in ecologically adopted every habitation on earth. Floral volatiles is not limited in its role to pollinator attraction, it's widely used for perfumes, cosmetics, flavourings and therapeutic applications. Even though biochemistry of floral volatiles is still new field for investigation. Due to importance of the plant biology orchid floral scent research were deeply needed. Analysis of the biosynthesis mechanisms involved in floral scent is necessary to understand the fine-scale molecular functions and to breed to new cultivars through floral volatile genetic engineering approaches. Now a days many researchers developed floral scent models in plants. However, little is known about the pathways responsible for floral scent in orchids, due to the long life cycle and large genome size. Only some terpenoid pathways were reported in orchids. In this review, we mainly concentrated orchid floral volatile regulation and compounds synthesis responsible pathways. Moreover,we mentioned emission of orchid floral volatiles and their function in pollination ecology. This information will provide a basic information on orchid floral scent research.</P>

HCI를 위한 오감정보처리에 관한 연구

이현구,김동규 (사)디지털산업정보학회 2009 디지털산업정보학회논문지 Vol.5 No.2

In this paper, we propose data format for smell, taste, touch with speech and vision which can be transmitted and implement a floral scent detection and recognition system. We provide representation method of data of smell, taste, and touch. Also, proposed floral scent recognition system consists of three module such as floral scent acquisition module using Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) sensor array, entropy-based floral scent detection module, and floral scent recognition module using correlation coefficients. The proposed system calculates correlation coefficients of the individual sensor between feature vector(16 sensors) from floral scent input point until the stable region and 12 types of reference models. Then, this system selects the floral scent with the maximum similarity to the calculated average of individual correlation coefficients. To evaluate the floral scent recognition system using correlation coefficients, we implemented an individual floral scent recognition system using K-NN with PCA and LDA that are generally used in conventional electronic noses. In the experimental results, the proposed system performs approximately 95.7% average recognition rate.

Roles of flower scent in bee?flower mediations: a review

Bisrat Daniel,정철의 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.1

Background: Bees and flowering plants associations were initially began during the early Cretaceous, 120 million years ago. This coexistence has led to a mutual relationship where the plant serves as food and in return, the bee help them their reproduction. Animals pollinate about 75% of food crops worldwide, with bees as the world’s primary pollinator. In general, bees rely on flower scents to locate blooming flowers as visual clue is limited and also their host plants from a distance. In this review, an attempt is made to collect some relevant 107 published papers from three scientific databases, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science database, covering the period from 1959 to 2021. Results: Flowering plants are well documented to actively emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, only a few of them are important for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. In this review, fifty-three volatile organic compounds belonging to different class of compounds, mainly terpenoids, benzenoids, and volatile fatty acid derivatives, is compiled here from floral scents that are responsible for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. Bees generally use honest floral signals to locate their host plants with nectar and pollen-rich flowers. Thus, honest signaling mechanism plays a key role in maintaining mutualistic plant–pollinator associations. Conclusions: Considering the fact that floral scents are the primary attractants, understanding and identification of VOCs from floral scent in plant-pollinator networks are crucial to improve crop pollination. Interestingly, current advances in both VOCs scent gene identification and their biosynthetic pathways make it possible to manipulate particular VOCs in plant, and this eventually may lead to increase in crop productivity.

Fragrance Composition in Six Tree Peony Cultivars

Jing Zhao,Zeng-hui Hu,Ping-sheng Leng,Hui-xiu Zhang,Fang-yun Cheng 한국원예학회 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.6

Tree peony is a traditional famous flower of China, and plays an important role in Chinese traditional culture. But the floral scent of tree peony in vivo is little known. In this study, in order to explore the floral composition of tree peony, floral volatiles of six cultivars, including Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Zhaofen’ (ZF), P. suffruticosa ‘Luoyanghong’ (LYH), P. ostii ‘Fengdanbai’ (FDB), P. × lemonei ‘High noon’ (HN), P. × lemonei ‘Renown’ (R), and P. rockii ‘Gaoyuanshenghuo’ (GYSH) were collected by dynamic headspace and then identified by Automated Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectometry. The results showed that floral fragrances of the six cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. A total of 105 volatiles involving ten categories were detected. But not all volatile categories were emitted from these cultivars. The six peony cultivars emitted some shared compounds and peculiar compounds. The total released amounts of volatiles emitted from six cultivars were found significantly different, which was greatest for ‘GYSH’. The most abundant volatile compounds detected from ‘ZF’, ‘LYH’, ‘FDB’, ‘HN’, ‘R’, and ‘GYSH’ were respectively α-pinene, 2,3-dihydroxy propanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, acetic acid 1-methylethyl ester, and 5-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethyl heptane. This result may contribute to exploring the biosynthesis and emission mechanism of floral scent in tree peony.

Fragrance Composition in Six Tree Peony Cultivars

Zhao, Jing,Hu, Zeng-Hui,Leng, Ping-Sheng,Zhang, Hui-Xiu,Cheng, Fang-Yun Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.6

Tree peony is a traditional famous flower of China, and plays an important role in Chinese traditional culture. But the floral scent of tree peony in vivo is little known. In this study, in order to explore the floral composition of tree peony, floral volatiles of six cultivars, including Paeonia suffruticosa 'Zhaofen' (ZF), P. suffruticosa 'Luoyanghong' (LYH), P. ostii 'Fengdanbai' (FDB), P. ${\times}$ lemonei 'High noon' (HN), P. ${\times}$ lemonei 'Renown' (R), and P. rockii 'Gaoyuanshenghuo' (GYSH) were collected by dynamic headspace and then identified by Automated Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectometry. The results showed that floral fragrances of the six cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. A total of 105 volatiles involving ten categories were detected. But not all volatile categories were emitted from these cultivars. The six peony cultivars emitted some shared compounds and peculiar compounds. The total released amounts of volatiles emitted from six cultivars were found significantly different, which was greatest for 'GYSH'. The most abundant volatile compounds detected from 'ZF', 'LYH', 'FDB', 'HN', 'R', and 'GYSH' were respectively ${\alpha}$-pinene, 2,3-dihydroxy propanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, acetic acid 1-methylethyl ester, and 5-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethyl heptane. This result may contribute to exploring the biosynthesis and emission mechanism of floral scent in tree peony.

Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Analysis of Volatiles in Floral Organs of Nelumbo nucifera

Yun Su Baek,Pue Hee Park,Hye Ryun An,Ramya Mummadi Reddy,Pil Man Park,Nam In Baek,Oh Keun Kwon 한국화훼학회 2016 화훼연구 Vol.24 No.4

The objective of this study was to identify the main floral scents and their relative contents in the floral organ of Nelumbo nucifera. N. nucifera flower, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is rich in volatile compounds. In this study, the volatile components of N. nucifera flowers were investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for each organ of the flower: petals, sepals, pistils, and stamens. In total, we identified 39 compounds, among which aliphatics were major constituents, representing more than 94% of petals and sepals volatiles, followed by sesquiterpenes representing more than 69% of pistils and stamens volatiles. Pentadecane, 1-pentadecene, 8-hexadecyne, 8-heptadecene, and β-caryophyllene characterize the scent of the N. nucifera flower. We identified 24 volatiles in petals and sepals, 25 volatiles in pistils, and 18 volatiles in stamens. Among the monoterpenes, 3-Isopropylidene-4-methylcyclohexene, isoterpinolene, p-Menth-2-en-7-ol, and methyl 2,6,6- trimethylcyclohex-1-enecarboxylate were analyzed and identified for the first time from the N. nucifera flower. This study demonstrates that N. nucifera flowers differ greatly in volatile composition depending on the floral organ of the plant.

전자코를 이용한 주요 화훼류의 향기 패턴 분석

박부희,김미선,이영란,박필만,이동수 한국화훼산업육성협회 2014 화훼연구 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 국내 육성 화훼류의 향기 패턴을 비교하고 육종과정의 선발단계에서 향기의 정도를 객관적으로 구 분 가능한지 알아보고자 수행되었다. 향기를 보유한 대 표적인 화훼작물인 장미, 나리, 프리지아, 카네이션, 난의 화기조직으로부터 향기를 포집하였다. 전자코 시스템의 소 프트웨어에서 향기차이를 구명하기 위하여 주성분 분석 (Principle Component Analysis)과 판별분석(Discriminant Factorial Analysis)을 실시하였다. 판별분석 결과 나리는 1사분면, 프리지아는 2사분면, 카네이션과 장미는 3사분 면, 난은 4사분면에 위치하였다. 이것은 센서 감응도에 따 라 다른 그룹을 형성하고 있어 화훼류 향기 패턴의 구 분이 가능함을 보여주었다. 같은 화훼류 품목 내에서도 상대적으로 강한 향기를 가지는 품종은 control에서 멀고, 향기가 없거나 약한 품종은 control가까이 군집을 형성하 여 향기의 강약에 대해서도 객관적인 자료 제시가 가능 하였다. 나리와 난의 센서 반응곡선을 레이더 형식으로 나타내 보았을 때 향기의 강약 차이를 확연히 알 수 있 었다. 이로써 전자코를 이용한 화훼류 향기 분석 시스템 은 향후 주요 화훼류의 방향성 육종을 위한 선발단계에 객관적인 자료로서 사용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to compare the fragrance pattern in domestic breeding floriculture crops and distinguish objectively evaluate whether the degree of floral scent in the selection stage of the bred process. We collected the volatiles from the flower tissues in representative flower having different intensity of fragrance such as rose, lily, freesia, carnation, and orchid. Then we analyzed Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) for the identification of fragrance difference in software of electronic nose system. As a result of DFA analysis, flowers were categorized in different quadrants as, lily was in quadrant 1, freesia, carnation were in quadrant 2, 3 respectively and rose and orchid were in quadrant 4. This showed it was possible that fragrance pattern could represent the different group depending on the sensor’s sensitivity. Although the same floricultural crops, that could be expressed objective data about the degree of fragrance intensity, because the strong fragrant variety was far from the control and non or weak fragrant one was near in grouping. We could distinguish significantly the floral scent intensity through analyzing the radar plot of the responses of sensors. So this study would be useful to the fragrance analysis system for the fragrant breeding as objective data in the future.

전자코를 이용한 주요 화훼류의 향기 패턴 분석

박부희,김미선,이영란,박필만,이동수 한국화훼학회 2014 화훼연구 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 국내 육성 화훼류의 향기 패턴을 비교하고육종과정의 선발단계에서 향기의 정도를 객관적으로 구분 가능한지 알아보고자 수행되었다. 향기를 보유한 대표적인 화훼작물인 장미, 나리, 프리지아, 카네이션, 난의화기조직으로부터 향기를 포집하였다. 전자코 시스템의 소프트웨어에서 향기차이를 구명하기 위하여 주성분 분석(Principle Component Analysis)과 판별분석(DiscriminantFactorial Analysis)을 실시하였다. 판별분석 결과 나리는1사분면, 프리지아는 2사분면, 카네이션과 장미는 3사분면, 난은 4사분면에 위치하였다. 이것은 센서 감응도에 따라 다른 그룹을 형성하고 있어 화훼류 향기 패턴의 구분이 가능함을 보여주었다. 같은 화훼류 품목 내에서도상대적으로 강한 향기를 가지는 품종은 control에서 멀고,향기가 없거나 약한 품종은 control가까이 군집을 형성하여 향기의 강약에 대해서도 객관적인 자료 제시가 가능하였다. 나리와 난의 센서 반응곡선을 레이더 형식으로나타내 보았을 때 향기의 강약 차이를 확연히 알 수 있었다. 이로써 전자코를 이용한 화훼류 향기 분석 시스템은 향후 주요 화훼류의 방향성 육종을 위한 선발단계에객관적인 자료로서 사용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to compare thefragrance pattern in domestic breeding floriculture crops anddistinguish objectively evaluate whether the degree of floralscent in the selection stage of the bred process. We collectedthe volatiles from the flower tissues in representative flowerhaving different intensity of fragrance such as rose, lily,freesia, carnation, and orchid. Then we analyzed PrincipleComponent Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant FactorialAnalysis (DFA) for the identification of fragrance difference insoftware of electronic nose system. As a result of DFAanalysis, flowers were categorized in different quadrants as,lily was in quadrant 1, freesia, carnation were in quadrant 2,3 respectively and rose and orchid were in quadrant 4. Thisshowed it was possible that fragrance pattern could representthe different group depending on the sensor’s sensitivity. Although the same floricultural crops, that could be expressedobjective data about the degree of fragrance intensity,because the strong fragrant variety was far from the controland non or weak fragrant one was near in grouping. Wecould distinguish significantly the floral scent intensitythrough analyzing the radar plot of the responses ofsensors. So this study would be useful to the fragranceanalysis system for the fragrant breeding as objective datain the future.