Technology clustering based on evolutionary patterns: The case of information and communications technologies

Lee, Hyoung-joo,Lee, Sungjoo,Yoon, Byungun Elsevier 2011 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.78 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Technology trend analysis anticipates the direction and rate of technology changes, and thus supports strategic decision-making for innovation. As technological convergence and diversification are regarded as emerging trends, it is important to compare the growth patterns of various technologies in a particular industry to help understand the industry characteristics and analyse the technology innovation process. However, despite the potential value of this approach, conventional approaches have focused on individual technologies and paid little attention to synthesising and comparing multiple technologies. We therefore propose a new approach for clustering technologies based on their growth patterns. After technologies with similar patterns are identified, the underlying factors that lead to the patterns can be analysed. For that purpose, we analysed patent data using a Hidden Markov model, followed by clustering analysis, and tested the validity of the proposed approach by applying it to the ICT industry. Our approach provides insights into the basic nature of technologies in an industry, and facilitates the analysis and forecasting of their evolution.</P> <P><B>Research Highlights</B></P><P>►We propose an approach to clustering technologies based on their growth patterns. ►Patent data were analysed using a Hidden Markov model, followed by clustering. ►The validity of the proposed approach was verified by applying it to the ICT industry. ►The approach facilitates the analysis and forecasting of technology evolution.</P>

국내 휴대폰의 진화패턴 규명을 위한 텍스트 마이닝 방안 제안 및 사례 연구

온병원(Byung-Won On) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2015 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.20 No.2

생물의 진화패턴과 원리는 지난 200년간 학문적인 영역에서 활발히 연구되어 왔으며 생명의 진화에 대한 체계적인 이론, 개념 및 방법론이 제시되었다. 그리고 진화경제학, 진화심리학, 진화언어학 등 다양한 분야에 적용되어 큰 연구 성과를 거두고 있다. 이와 더불어 진화생물학 논리를 인간이 만든 제품에 적용하려는 시도도 병행되어 왔다. 기존 연구들이 생물진화 논리를 인공물에 그대로 적용하거나 해당 분야 전문가의 직관에 근거하여 진화 모형을 구축하는 것이어서 진화 모형에 대한 일반화를 시키기에는 한계를 가진다. 또한 생물과 달리 인공물은 인간 의지의 상상력이 반영되기 때문에 생물진화 이론을 곧바로 적용할 수 없다고 알려져 왔다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 특정인의 주관에 벗어나 일반 대중들의 생각을 엿보고 이를 바탕으로 진화 모형을 구축하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해, 인공물을 계통적으로 분류할 수 있는 체계적인 틀을 제시하는 텍스트 마이닝 방안과 그 결과물을 효과적으로 보여줄 수 있는 시각화 방안을 차례로 제안한다. 특히, 제안방안을 바탕으로 최근 혁신의 아이콘으로 떠오르고 있는 휴대폰과 스마트폰에 대한 사례 연구를 집중적으로 수행한다. 지난 10년간 국내에서 출시된 휴대폰과 스마트폰에 대한 리뷰 포스트들을 수집하고 분석하여, 진화패턴을 발견하고 요약해서 보여주며 그 결과에 대해서 자세히 토의한다. 더욱이 이러한 작업은 소수의 전문가들이 방대한 문헌과 자료를 조사 정리하여, 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 진화계통도를 그리게 되는 매우 지난한 작업이다. 하지만 본 논문에서 제안한 방안은 반자동(semi-automatic) 마이닝 알고리즘으로 인간의 노력을 최소화할 수 있어 그 효용 가치가 높다. 이러한 연구를 통해 인간의 창의력과 상상력이 구현되는 방식을 이해하고 휴대폰의 미래 모습을 전망하는데 있어 유관기업들에게 큰 도움을 줄 것이다. Systematic theory, concepts, and methodology for the biological evolution have been developed while patterns and principles of the evolution have been actively studied in the past 200 years. Furthermore, they are applied to various fields such as evolutionary economics, evolutionary psychology, evolutionary linguistics, making significant progress in research. In addition, existing studies have applied main biological evolutionary models to artifacts although such methods do not fit to them. These models are also limited to generalize evolutionary patterns of artifacts because they are designed in terms of a subjective point of view of experts who know well about the artifacts. Unlike biological organisms, because artifacts are likely to reflect the imagination of the human will, it is known that the theory of biological evolution cannot be directly applied to artifacts. In this paper, beyond the individual’s subjective, the aim of our research is to present evolutionary patterns of a given artifact based on peeping the idea of the public. For this, we propose a text mining approach that presents a systematic framework that can find out the evolutionary patterns of a given artifact and then visualize effectively. In particular, based on our proposal, we focus mainly on a case study of mobile phone that has emerged as an icon of innovation in recent years. We collect and analyze review posts on mobile phone available in the domestic market over the past decade, and discuss the detailed results about evolutionary patterns of the mobile phone. Moreover, this kind of task is a tedious work over a long period of time because a small number of experts carry out an extensive literature survey and summarize a huge number of materials to finally draw a diagram of evolutionary patterns of the mobile phone. However, in this work, to minimize the human efforts, we present a semi-automatic mining algorithm, and through this research we can understand how human creativity and imagination are implemented. In addition, it is a big help to predict the future trend of mobile phone in business and industries.

개체 간 행동 양상 변이의 진화적 모델

박한선 한국정신신체의학회 2019 정신신체의학 Vol.27 No.1

The behavioural patterns of individuals in the same species are very diverse. The phenomenon in which different behavioural phenotypes are maintained in the same species for long time can be explained by niche specialization or frequency dependent selection, but it has not been proven yet. Especially, the high prevalence of mental illnesses as extreme behaviour patterns is one of the challenges of evolutionary psychology. From an evolutionary point of view, several frameworks for studying various patterns of behaviours or psychopathologies may be proposed. In this paper, I briefly explain animal models, personality factor models, DSM-IV multiaxial models, FSD models, and RDoC models, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages, focusing on the evolutionary approach to behavioural variation among individuals. 한 종에 속하는 개체의 행동 양상은 다양한 변이를 가진다. 같은 종 내에서 다른 행동적 표현형이 유지되는현상은 진화적으로 적소 특화나 빈도의존성 선택으로 설명할 수 있는데, 아직 명확하게 밝혀진 것은 아니다. 특히 극단적인 행동 양상으로서의 정신병리가 높은 비율로 관찰되는 현상은 진화심리학의 난제 중 하나다. 행동 양상의 다양한 변이 및 정신병리를 진화적인 견지에서 접근하기 위한 몇 가지 틀이 제안될 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 개체 간 행동 양상 변이에 관한 진화적 접근을 중심으로 동물 모델과 성격 요인모델, DSM-IV 다축 모델, FSD 모델, RDoC 모델 등을 간략하게 설명하고, 그 연구에 적용할 때 예상되는 장단점을 논의하고자 한다.

검사 상황 차이에 따른 진화 기작 개념의 응답 유형 분석

이혜림,차희영,김성하,하민수 韓國生物敎育學會 2010 생물교육 Vol.38 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyze students' concepts in different test conditions about mechanisms of evolution. The tests were carried out in the low-and high-stakes test condition intended the 28 ninth graders. For this study, a questionnaire to investigate students' conception about evolutionary mechanism were selected and modified to paralleled test forms. MATE test to measure conceptual acceptance for evolution theory was applied. The research subjects are divided into two groups randomly, paralleled tests were administered to both groups. Based on the consistency and scores of answers, 16 interviewees were selected. The results of analysis of the students conceptions about evolutionary mechanism showed that the test score performed in high-stakes condition was higher than that performed in low-stakes condition. The patterns of answers by interviewees were divided into four types: scientific theorists, misconceptionists, conceptional confusers, and pragmatist. First three types were not related with test condition; however, the pragmatists answered with the same pattern as scientific theorists in high-stake test condition but they did differently at the lowstake test condition. These result is meaningful as that test condition might influence answers responded by students about evolutionary mechanism. Therefore, test conditions have to be considered as one of the factors when tests will be administered for students to identify students' real conceptions about evolution.

An Evolutionary Optimization Approach for Optimal Hopping of Humanoid Robots

Hong, Young-Dae The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.6

This paper proposes an evolutionary optimization approach for optimal hopping of humanoid robots. In the proposed approach, the hopping trajectory is generated by a central pattern generator (CPG). The CPG is one of the biologically inspired approaches, and it generates rhythmic signals by using neural oscillators. During the hopping motion, the disturbance caused by the ground reaction forces is compensated for by utilizing the sensory feedback in the CPG. Posture control is essential for a stable hopping motion. A posture controller is utilized to maintain the balance of the humanoid robot while hopping. In addition, a compliance controller using a virtual spring-damper model is applied for stable landing. For optimal hopping, the optimization of the hopping motion is formulated as a minimization problem with equality constraints. To solve this problem, two-phase evolutionary programming is employed. The proposed approach is verified through computer simulations using a simulated model of the small-sized humanoid robot platform DARwIn-OP.

Equilibrium Cycle Loading Pattern Optimization for APR1400 using Simulated Annealing Algorithm

Bahadır Mahmud Hudayi,Taekyun Lim,Bashir Kabir Ahmad,하창주 한국에너지학회 2023 에너지공학 Vol.32 No.4

Equilibrium cycle nuclear design involves optimal design of an initial and reload cycles within safety limits which requires repeated effort, engineering experience and judgment in a limited time. In this study, a nuclear design process is proposed to achieve an optimized LP (Loading Pattern) for equilibrium cycle of APR1400 with 1717 FAs loaded with WABA (Wet Annular Burnable Absorber). This design process includes optimizing fuel enrichment, the number of FAs (Fuel Assemblies) in each batch and loading pattern for a given energy requirement. First, an FMNG (Fuel Management Net Graph) curve is used to determine for both core average enrichment and CBC (Critical Boron Concentration) satisfying the energy requirement. Using the results, optimization of fuel batch specification such as numbers of FAs and WABAs is performed using Evolutionary Algorithm. Lastly, optimum loading pattern search is performed using a code called as COSUME (COnsecutive SUrvival MEthod) using SA (Simulated Annealing). COSUME, an automation program for LP search, has been developed in python programming language to facilitate this process and minimize the burden on the user. To validate the design process, three different cycle lengths (17.5, 19.5, and 23.5 GWD/t) of APR 1400 equilibrium cycle are investigated using different feed fuel numbers (92, 96, and 100 FAs). COSUME searches optimum LPs for initial, reload, and equilibrium cores. In each case, Maximum values always remained below the design limit of 1.55 and achieved target cycle lengths, 17.5 GWD/t, 19.5 GWD/t and 23.5 GWD/t, respectively.

An Evolutionary Optimization Approach for Optimal Hopping of Humanoid Robots

홍영대 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.6

This paper proposes an evolutionary optimization approach for optimal hopping of humanoid robots. In the proposed approach, the hopping trajectory is generated by a central pattern generator (CPG). The CPG is one of the biologically inspired approaches, and it generates rhythmic signals by using neural oscillators. During the hopping motion, the disturbance caused by the ground reaction forces is compensated for by utilizing the sensory feedback in the CPG. Posture control is essential for a stable hopping motion. A posture controller is utilized to maintain the balance of the humanoid robot while hopping. In addition, a compliance controller using a virtual spring-damper model is applied for stable landing. For optimal hopping, the optimization of the hopping motion is formulated as a minimization problem with equality constraints. To solve this problem, two-phase evolutionary programming is employed. The proposed approach is verified through computer simulations using a simulated model of the small-sized humanoid robot platform DARwIn-OP.

An Evolutionary Optimization Approach for Optimal Hopping of Humanoid Robots

Young-Dae Hong 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.6

This paper proposes an evolutionary optimization approach for optimal hopping of humanoid robots. In the proposed approach, the hopping trajectory is generated by a central pattern generator (CPG). The CPG is one of the biologically inspired approaches, and it generates rhythmic signals by using neural oscillators. During the hopping motion, the disturbance caused by the ground reaction forces is compensated for by utilizing the sensory feedback in the CPG. Posture control is essential for a stable hopping motion. A posture controller is utilized to maintain the balance of the humanoid robot while hopping. In addition, a compliance controller using a virtual spring-damper model is applied for stable landing. For optimal hopping, the optimization of the hopping motion is formulated as a minimization problem with equality constraints. To solve this problem, two-phase evolutionary programming is employed. The proposed approach is verified through computer simulations using a simulated model of the small-sized humanoid robot platform DARwIn-OP.

차분 진화 알고리즘을 이용한 Fuzzy Prototype Classifier 최적화

안태천(Tae-Chon Ahn),노석범(Seok-Beom Roh),김용수(Yong Soo Kim) 한국지능시스템학회 2014 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2

본 논문에서는 입력 공간의 부분 영역의 특성을 기술하기 위하여 각 부분 영역을 대표하는 prototype을 정의하고 정의된 Prototype 에 가중치를 적용하여 각 부분 영역이 각 클래스의 경계면에 미치는 영향을 차등화 하는 Fuzzy Prototype 분류기를 제안 한다. 제안된 패턴 분류기의 Prototype은 퍼지 클러스터링 알고리즘인 Fuzzy C-Means Clustering 알고리즘을 사용하여 결정한다. 또한, 각 부분 영역의 가중치를 결정하기 위하여 유전자 알고리즘에서 파생된 차분 진화 알고리즘을 적용하여 각각의 퍼지 규칙의 가중치를 최적화 한다. 또한 퍼지 규칙 기반 시스템 기반 패턴 분류기의 경우 각각의 퍼지 규칙의 후반부 구조인 다항식의 계수를 추정하기 위하여 Linear Discriminant Analysis를 사용한다. 마지막으로, 본 논문에서 제안한 패턴 분류기의 패턴 분류 특성 및 성능을 평가하기위하여 기계 학습 데이터를 사용한다. In this paper, we proposed the fuzzy prototype pattern classifier. In the proposed classifier, each prototype is defined to describe the related sub-space and the weight value is assigned to the prototype. The weight value assigned to the prototype leads to the change of the boundary surface. In order to define the prototypes, we use Fuzzy C-Means Clustering which is the one of fuzzy clustering methods. In order to optimize the weight values assigned to the prototypes, we use the Differential Evolutionary Algorithm. We use Linear Discriminant Analysis to estimate the coefficients of the polynomial which is the structure of the consequent part of a fuzzy rule. Finally, in order to evaluate the classification ability of the proposed pattern classifier, the machine learning data sets are used.

문법적 진화기법과 조건부 확률을 이용한 청소 로봇의 이동 패턴 계획

권순조(Soon-Joe Gwon),김현태(Hyun-Tae Kim),안창욱(Chang Wook Ahn) 한국정보과학회 2016 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.22 No.4

청소 로봇은 가정에서 사용 가능한 대표적인 지능형 로봇이다. 고가형 청소 로봇은 센서로부터 정보를 제공받아 높은 커버리지 성능을 가진 알고리즘이 존재하지만, 저가형의 청소 로봇엔 적용하기 어렵다. 본 논문은 저가형의 청소 로봇과 같은 환경에서 효율적인 움직임을 구현하기 위해 문법적 진화기법기반의 청소 로봇의 이동 패턴을 계획하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이를 위해 배커스-나우르 표기법을 사용하여 이동 패턴 문법을 정의하고 진화연산을 통해 최적화된 프로그램을 생성하였다. 이와 더불어 프로그램생성 과정에서 획득한 문법 요소 간 조건부 확률 정보를 활용하였다. 제안 알고리즘의 성능 검증을 위해 청소 로봇 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 기존 알고리즘과 성능을 비교하였으며 실험 결과를 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 기법의 효율성을 확인하였다. The cleaning robot is popularly used as a home appliance. The state-of-the-art cleaning robot can clean more efficiently by using information gathered from its sensor, which is difficult for low-price cleaning robots due to limitation in this aspect. In this paper, we suggested a method for the moving pattern of cleaning robot based on grammatical evolution. Optimized program is generated by using moving pattern grammar, which is defined by Backus-Naur form. In addition, conditional probability is used between each of the grammar elements during the program creation process. The proposed method is evaluated by robot simulation in order to verify its performance and further compare it with existing algorithms. The experiment results showed that the proposed method is better than the compared algorithms.