전기화재원인분류의 문제점 분석 및 개선안 제시

이종호,김두현,김성철 한국화재소방학회 2009 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.23 No.2

This paper presents research about the development of electrical fire cause classification in order to improve the reliability of electrical fire statistics and to collect electrical fires data efficiently. The incorrect and biased knowledge for electrical fires changed the classification of certain types of fires, from non-electrical to electrical. It is convenient and required to develop the standardized form that makes, in the assessment of the cause of electrical fires, the fire investigators directly ticking the appropriate box on the fire report form or making an assessment of a text description. In this study, newly developed electrical fire cause classification structure, which is well-defined hierarchical structure so that there are not any relationship or overlap between cause categories, is suggested. Also the suggested classification structure can be used for electrical fire investigation and statistics, which minimizes the mistake that diagnose non-electrical fires into electrical ones. 본 논문은 전기화재 통계의 신뢰성을 향상시키고 효율적인 전기화재 자료를 수집하기 위한 전기화재 원 인분류의 개발에 관한 연구이다. 전기화재에 대한 잘못되거나 편향된 지식은 전기화재에 대한 형태 분류 를 바뀌게 한다. 전기화재 원인분석에 있어 화재조사자들이 올바르게 보고서를 작성할 수 있는 표준화된 형식을 개발하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 원인들간의 인과관계를 고려한 계층구조로 새롭게 개발된 전기화재 원인분류체계를 제안하였다. 그리고 제안된 분류체계는 전기화재 조사 및 통계에 사용될 수 있 으며, 전기화재 진단의 오류를 최소화할 수 있다.

A New Approach to Statistical Analysis of Electrical Fire and Classification of Electrical Fire Causes

Kim, Doo-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Ho,Kim, Sung-Chul The Korean Society of Safety 2007 International Journal of Safety Vol.6 No.2

This paper aims at the statistical analysis of electrical fire and classification of electrical fire causes to collect electrical fires data efficiently. Electrical fire statistics are produced to monitor the number and characteristics of fires attended by fire fighters, including the causes and effects of fire so that action can be taken to reduce the human and financial cost of fire. Electrical fires make up the majority of fires in Korea(including nearly 30% of total fires according to recent figures), The incorrect and biased knowledge for electrical fires changed the classification of certain types of fires, from non-electrical to electrical. It is convenient and required to develop the standardized form that makes, in the assessment of the cause of electrical fires, the fire fighters directly ticking the appropriate box on the fire report form or making an assessment of a text description. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop electrical fire cause classification and electrical fire assessment on the fire statistics in order to categorize and assess electrical fires exactly. In this paper newly developed electrical fire cause classification structure, which is well-defined hierarchical structure so that there are not any relationship or overlap between cause categories, is suggested. Also fire statistics systems of foreign countries are introduced and compared.

A New Approach to Statistical Analysis of Electrical Fire and Classification of Electrical Fire Causes

( Doo Hyun Kim ),( Jong Ho Lee ),( Sung Chul Kim ) 한국안전학회(구-한국산업안전학회) 2007 International Journal of Safety Vol.6 No.2

This paper aims at the statistical analysis of electrical fire and classification of electrical fire causes to collect electrical fires data efficiently. Electrical fire statistics are produced to monitor the number and characteristics of fires attended by fire fighters, including the causes and effects of fire so that action can be taken to reduce the human and financial cost of fire. Electrical fires make up the majority of fires in Korea(including nearly 30% of total fires according to recent figures), The incorrect and biased knowledge for electrical fires changed the classification of certain types of fires, from non-electrical to electrical. It is convenient and required to develop the standardized form that makes, in the assessment of the cause of electrical fires, the fire fighters directly ticking the appropriate box on the fire report form or making an assessment of a text description. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop electrical fire cause classification and electrical fire assessment on the fire statistics in order to categorize and assess electrical fires exactly. In this paper newly developed electrical fire cause classification structure, which is well-defined hierarchical structure so that there are not any relationship or overlap between cause categories, is suggested. Also fire statistics systems of foreign countries are introduced and compared.

전기화재 통계분석을 통한 효율적인 전기설비 원격감시 방안 도출

이수운,이득광,정범진,송형준 대한전기학회 2023 전기학회논문지 Vol.72 No.12

Despite the technical advance and efforts to decrease electrical fires, the ratio of electrical fire has been maintained at around 20% for the last ten years. To realize a safe electrical system, regular inspection of the electrical system has been conducted; however, regular inspection is ineffective in monitoring the electrical system's abrupt failure. As a result, many electrical facilities have left unmonitored without proper treatment. Regarding these factors, national regulations to real-time monitor electrical facilities in remote were established in 2020, and the adoption of remote inspection started to increase for early fault detection as well as reduced electrical fires. In this paper, the priority of electrical facilities monitoring was derived through national fire statistics for their effective operation. The statics indicates that the reduction in loss and casualties from the fire will be the greatest if remote monitoring systems are introduced in industrial and medical facilities. In addition, preemptive arc fault detection and on-site preventive maintenance of faulty equipment before monsoon season and cold winter will significantly decrease electrical fires. According to the statics-based analysis, we estimate the effect of remote monitoring on reducing electrical fire depending on the measuring factors and period. If real-time monitoring systems for leakage and over-current are installed in electricity facilities, they will reduce electrical fires caused by arc, over-current, and leakage. We expect a 20 - 25% of electrical fire (~1900 cases/year) reduction if remote monitoring systems are implemented on all consumer sites.

전기화재의 발생요인 분석과 경감대책

장정태(Jeong Tae Jang)(張正泰) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2011 Crisisonomy Vol.7 No.2

우리나라의 최근 10년(2000-2009)동안 발생한 화재를 살펴보면, 연평균 37,704건, 재산피해액 196,897백만원이고, 2009년의 경우, 총 화재발생 47,318건, 재산피해액 251,853백만 원이었다. 전기화재의 경우는 2005년까지 총 화재 발생건수에 대해 30%를 상회하는 1만여 건을 나타내다가 2006년에 29.6%, 2007-2009년은 22%대로 낮아졌으며, 최근 10년간 전기화재의 연평균 재산피해액 60,211백만 원으로 전체 재산피해액의 30%를 상회하였고, 2009년은 전체 화재발생건수의 22.8%인 10,786건, 재산피해액은 24.8%인 62,281백만 원이었으며 계속 전기화재는 화재 발생원인의 1순위를 점하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 미국 17.6%, 영국 4.5%, 일본 10.9%, 대만 17.9%와 비교하면 높은 편이어서 보다 향상된 안전한 생활환경을 위해서는 전기화재의 적극적인 감소 대책을 펴야 함으로 그동안의 전기화재 발생추이 분석, 발생메커니즘, 발생요인 분류의 문제점, 주요 발생요인과 이에 대한 대책을 각각 고찰하였다. The total average number of fires in Korea was 37,704 annually based on the statistics of the past 10 years (2000-2009). The resulting damage equates to ￦196,897 million in average lost assets. In the year 2009 alone, there were 47,318 cases of fires, which equates to ￦251,853 million in lost assets. Over 30% of all fires (over 10,000 cases) were electrical fires until 2005, 29.6% in 2006 and reduced to 22% during 2007-2009. In the past 10 years, the lost asset value caused by electrical fire was ￦60,211 million which is over 30% of the total lost asset value. In the year 2009 alone, electrical fire made up of 22.8% of all fires (10,786 cases), with the lost asset value of ￦62,281 million, which is 24.7% of the total lost asset value. Although electrical fire is in decline in terms of the percentage, they still continue to be the biggest cause of all fires than 17.6% of America, 4.5% of England, 10.9% of Japan, 17.9% of Taiwan. So, we try to decrease the electrical fire. On this purpose and aim to live more comfortable life circumstance, this paper researches on the analysis electrical fire per total fires, the mechanism by electrical fire originate and consider the analysis of cause problems and decrease methods.

화재예방을 위한 실시간 모니터링 시스템의 알고리즘 개발

김병조 ( Byeong Jo Kim ),김재호 ( Jae Ho Kim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2014 한국안전학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Despite the automatic fire alarm system, according to the national fire data system of national emergency management agency, the fires account for 40,932 incidents, 2,184 injuries and about 430 billion won in property losses in 2013. Since the conventional automatic fire alarm system has several weaknesses related to electrical signal such as noise, surge, lighting, etc. Most fires are mainly caused by electrical faults, mechanical problem, chemical, carelessness and natural. The electrical faults such as line to ground fault, line to line fault, electrical leakage and arc are one of the major problems in fire. This paper describes the development of a novel real-time fire monitoring system algorithm including fault detection function which puts the existing optic smoke and heat detectors for fire detection with current and voltage sensors in order to utility fault monitoring using high accuracy DAQ measurement system with Lab VIEW program. The fire detection and electrical fault monitoring with a proposed a new detection algorithm are implemented under several test. The fire detection and monitoring system operates according to the proposed algorithm well.

Reducing Multi-tap Electrical Fires using Microcapsule Fire Extinguishing Patches

Sikuk Kim 한국화재소방학회 2022 International Journal of Fire Science and Engineer Vol.36 No.1

The fire at the Coupang Deokpyeong Logistics Center has spurred studies to reduce the damage caused by multi-tap electrical fires. One solution is a microcapsule fire extinguishing patch with a built-in fire extinguishing agent. To confirm the efficacy of the fire extinguishing patch in curtailing electrical fires, a complex electrical fire in a multi-tap due to overload and tracking was simulated. In the absence of the fire extinguishing patch, continuous flame discharge occurred as the overcurrent reacted with internal combustibles, resulting in a short circuit due to final tracking and a risk of exposure to flames at 1,187s. In contrast, when an overload was applied to the multi-tap with the fire extinguishing patch for 2,400 s, the fire extinguishing agent stored in the microcapsule was released, preventing ignition of the combustibles inside the multi-tap and the formation of the carbonic electric conductive pass due to cooling, suffocation, and anticatalyst effects. Therefore, the overload did not lead to a fire, confirming the ability of the patch to retard electrical fires in the multi-tap. Evaluation of the effect of the location of the fire extinguishing patch showed that the fire extinguishing effect was most significant when the fire extinguishing patch was attached inside the multi-tap.

Development of Electrical Fire Detection System Applying Fuzzy Logic for Main Causes of Electrical Fire in Traditional Market Shops

Kim, Doo Hyun,Hwang, Dong Kyu,Kim, Sung Chul,Kim, Sang Ryull,Kim, Yoon Bok The Korean Society of Safety 2012 International Journal of Safety Vol.11 No.2

This paper is aimed to develop an electrical fire detection system (EFDS) which can analyze the possibility of electrical fire for overcurrent, leakage current and arc signals of panel board in traditional market shop. The EFDS adopted fuzzy logic and precursory data for overcurrent, leakage current and arc signals to evaluate the possibility of electrical fire. The signals are obtained directly from panel board in traditional market shops and fuzzy membership function is obtained from experiment, simulation, expert's advice. The overcurrent data is acquired by thermal data of normal and abnormal states (partial disconnection) on the insulated electrical wire, in accordance with the increase of the current signal, The leakage current data is obtained under various environments. The arc signal is acquisited by waveforms of instantaneous value in time domain and frequency band in frequency domain. The Fuzzy algorithm for DB of EFDS consists of fuzzification, inference engine by Mamdani's method and defuzzification by center of gravity method. In order to verify the performance and reliability of EFDS, it was applied to Jeon-Ju traditional market shops (90 shops) in Korea. Results show that EFDS in this paper is useful in alarming the fire case, which will prevent severe damage to human beings and properties, and reduce the electrical fires in a vulnerable area of electrical disaster.

마이크로캡슐을 활용한 분전반 소화용구 개발에 관한 연구

이영삼(Young-Sam Lee),백수호(Soo-Ho Baek) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.7

대한민국 소방청 화재통계자료(2015~19년)를 원인별로 분석해보면, 전기로 인한 화재가 47,135건, 기계적 원인에 의한 화재가 22,852건, 가스누출에 의한 화재가 871건순으로 나타났다. 그래서 주요 화재의 원인이 전기화재로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전기화재 중 소화설비의 적용 및 시공이 어려운 분전반 등의 소공간 화재를 대상으로 마이크로캡슐 소화약제의 KFI기준 충족 유·무 및 제품을 제작 후 현장에 적용하여 화재 적응성을 3회 실험하였다. 실험결과, 화재접촉 이후 캡슐 안에 있던 소화약제가 방사되어 평균 4.48초에 노르말헵탄(n-heptane)의 화재가 진압되었다. 따라서 한국소방산업기술원(KFI) 소공간 B급 소화시험의 “예비연소 종료 후 90초 이내에 소화되고 재발화 되지 아니할 것” 기준을 충족하였다. 그리고 용도별로 제품을 제작한 소화용구를 현장에 적용하여 실험한 결과, 제품에 화염접속 후 평균 1.87초에 토치의 연소화염이 소화되었다. 또한 본 소화용구는 기존 실린더 타입의 부피 문제점을 획기적으로 개선하였다. 하지만 본 소화약제 및 용구에 대한 국가화재안전기준(NFSC) 등이 없는 실정이다. 그러므로 소방청 및 소방관련 전문기관에서는 본 소화약제 및 제품에 대한 검증을 통하여 성능검증기준, 형식승인기준, 현장적용기준 등의 제정에 대해 검토가 필요하다고 판단된다. According to an analysis of the fire statistics of the nation"s fire department (2015~19), 47,135 fires were caused by electricity, 22,852 by mechanical causes, and 871 by gas leakage. Hence, the most common cause of fires is electric fire. Therefore, in this study, the fire adaptability of microencapsulated fire extinguishing agents was tested by applying the KFI to determine agent performance and field application against small space fires, such as electric distribution boards in which fire extinguishing equipment is difficult to apply and construct. Tests showed that the fire extinguishing agent inside the capsule was released after fire contact, and an n-heptane fire was extinguished within 4.48 seconds on average. Therefore, the KFI small space B-level fire-extinguishing test by the Korea Institute of Fire and Industry met the criteria that the fire was extinguished and did not reoccur within 90 seconds after the end of preliminary combustion. In addition, after experimenting with the field application of the product for each purpose, the burning flame of the torch was extinguished within 1.87 seconds on average. This fire extinguisher (agent) dramatically improved the volume problem of existing cylinder-type fire extinguishers for small spaces. On the other hand, there is no National Fire Safety Code (NFSC) for this agent and extinguisher. Therefore, it is necessary to enact standards for field application. Furthermore, the National Fire Agency and fire-related specialized agencies need to review the enactment of performance verification standards, type approval standards, and field application standards by verifying the fire extinguishing agent and products.

인접한 전기자동차의 화재 성상에 관한 실험 연구

김형식(Hyung-Sik Kim),이수호(Soo-Ho Lee),김태동(Tae-Dong Kim),최아영(A-Young Choi) 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.4

최근 온난화, 대기오염 등 환경적인 문제의 심각성이 대두됨에 따라 세계 각국은 친환경 정책의 일환으로 전기자동차의 보급을 확대하고 있다. 이와 비례하여, 전기자동차 화재도 지속적으로 발생하고 있지만, 전기자동차 화재의 특성을 파악하기 위한 실물화재 실험연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 전기자동차의 화재 특성을 도출하고자 1대의 전기자동차 실물화재 실험을 실시하였다. 또한, 주차장과 같이 인접한 전기자동차에서 발생하는 화재특성을 비교하기 위해 0.5 m 간격으로 이격된 전기자동차 2대에서 발생하는 화재특성을 도출한 결과 배터리가 고온 또는 화염에 노출되어 발열 반응이 가속됨에 따라 여러 차례의 폭발에 의한 안전사고가 발생할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 전기자동차 화재진압에 필요한 장비와 대응기법 개발에 활용하고, 향후 실험데이터를 기반으로 화재양상을 예측하는 기법개발 추가 연구를 수행할 예정이다. Countries worldwide have been expanding the supply of electric vehicles as part of their eco-friendly policies to overcome the increasing environmental problems such as global warming and air pollution. Subsequently, electric vehicle fires also continue to increase in proportion with the number of electric vehicles. But, there is insufficient research conducting fire experiments to understand the characteristics of electric vehicle fires. Hence, this research conducted a fire test on an electric vehicle to derive its fire characteristics. In addition, this research compared the fire characteristics of adjacent electric vehicles such as the ones in parking lots. This comparison was performed by deriving the fire characteristics of two electric vehicles placed 0.5 m apart. Subsequently, the exothermic reaction was found to have accelerated as the battery was exposed to high temperatures or flames. This study also found that accidents can occur in adjacent electric vehicles due to multiple explosions caused by the fire. Further, we plan to use this study to develop equipment and countermeasures necessary for fire suppression in electric vehicles. We also plan to conduct additional research in the future to develop techniques for predicting fire patterns based on experimental data.