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불순물 첨가 BGO 섬광체 단결정의 육성과 열형광 특성
김성철,김중환,김종일,정중현,도시홍,김기동,이대원 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1
Eu or Fe doped BGO scintillation crystals were grown by Czochralski method. In order to get information about traps in the grown BGO crystals, we measured trap parameters including activation energy, frequency factor and the kinetic order of thermoluminescence, and compared such parameters with thermoluminescent characteristics of pure BGO scintillation crystals. In addition, optical transmittance of the grown BGO crystals was measured.
김성철 韓日經商學會 1997 韓日經商論集 Vol.14 No.-
Both empirical and theoretical literature on intra-industry trade have developed rapidly. During the past decade, there has been growing interest in the phenomenon of intra-industry trade(IIT), whereby countries export to each other hoods which are broadly similar in nature, or even identical. IIT occurs when countries simultaneously export andimport goods produced by thesame industries or adjacent countries. This phenomenon is not envisaged by the standard comparative advantage theory of international trade and requires explanations based upon factors such as economies of scale, product differentiation, imperfect markets and consumer's taste for variety, which arenot condidered in theworld of perfect competition of the standard theory. This intra-industry trade will certainly occur when the economies are absolutely identical in all respects and can persist under conditions of comparative advantage. However, asufficiently great difference incomparative advantage,either becauseof technological or factor endowment differences,can eliminate thetwo-way trade in manufactures. Thus, intra-industry trade not only may occur between similar economies, it is most likely to occur between such economies and the volume may be much higher than trade based on comparative advantage. If exports and imports tend to match each other in each industry, the index approaches zero. According to Balassa, this signifies a low degree of inter-industry specialization(with a correspondingly high degree of intra-industry specialization). On the other hand, if exports and imports differ widely, theindex approaches unity, indicating high inter-industry specialization(and low intra-industry specialization). This paper explains the analysis of intra-industry trade between Korea and Japan. The verified results of the important contents with respect to thepromotion of intra-industry trade between Korea and Japan and their indications can be summarized as follows. The fact that intra-industry trade between Korea and Japan was unable to take root is attributable to not only to thedifferences in the pattern of economic development and industrial structure, but also to thelack of opportunities for international industrial cooperation. However, Japan is now showingsigns of expanding intra-industry trade to offset the weakening price ocmpetitiveness of Japanese products resulting from thestrong yen and the collapse of thebubble economy. An expansion of intra-industry trade among adjacent countries enables the countries concerned to make full use of the complementary nature of each other's comparative advantage. Under these circumstances, it is becoming increasingly important to find ways to expandtheintra-industry trade between Korea and Japan. To this end, the following steps must be taken; First, Korea should focus on import substitution by stepping up technological cooperation and strategic alliance with Japan in the supporting industry, a field in which Korea is at a comparative disadvantage. Second, Korea should pursue intra-industry trade that relies on product differentiation, especially in the high value-added industries. It must also diversify its export items and promote industries of high income elasticity as major export industries. Third, Inter-Industry Trade of progress of work should be expanded in the manufacturing of machinery and transportation equipment as well as electrical machinery or appliances that rely heavily on trade nad economies of scale. Fourth, in order to make use of Japan's competitive advantage in high developed industries, Korea should utilize to a variety of measures including the use of Japanese techincians, the joint development of technology, and strategic alliance. Fifth, in order to facilitate industrial coordination between Korea and Japan in the information age,, an information and telecommunications network should be established between the two countries. Through this network, the two nations will be able to exchange precise information oneach other's industries of comparative advantage and disadvantage. This inturn, will lay the basis for establishing appropriate strategies for technology development and industrial restructuring with regard to intra-industry trade. For industries where domestic production is possible, inter progress of work should be promoted within the industry. For industries where low technological standards hinder product differentiation, interm progress of work should be promoted within the firm.
김성철 韓日經商學會 1998 韓日經商論集 Vol.15 No.-
During the last two decades, empirical research has provided useful insights into the relationship between international trade and market structure or market performance. Recently, interest has arisen concerning the relationship between domestic industry market performance and foreign competition. In effect, high levels of imports dilute domestic seller concentration and reduce the power of oligopolistic firms to maintain prices above long-run average cost of production. It has been generally recognized that import competition could have a significant impact on domestic industry profitability. Moreover export opportunities has also played significant role on market performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide further empirical evidence on the relations between foreign competition and market performance in the developing country. Thus this paper examines the influence of foreign competition on industry profitability and concludes that such competition, as represented by the level of imports, appears to exert a significant and negative effect on industry profit rates. The multi-variate regression analysis yielded the following major results. First, Foreign factors such as import competition, exporting opportunities and entry, are an important addition to domestic structural variables in explaining inter-industry differentials in price-cost margins. Second, Import competition tends to reduce price-cost margins of oligopolistic firms. Foreign competition places a substantial limit on domestic market power. Third, domestic seller concentration has a positive effect on both industry-import share and export share. Fourth, Economies of scale manifested in the domestic industry retard import penetration and enhance export performance. Therefore, in order to promote market performance, competition between competitive foreign firms and domestic oligopolistic firms should be encouraged, so that this will lead to not only a higher level of domestic industries' efficiency, but also improved market performance.