중국인 아르바이트생의 문화지능이 문화적응과 직무적응에 미치는 영향

예박남,이금희,조창권 아시아.유럽미래학회 2020 유라시아연구 Vol.17 No.2

The global economy and the changing political trend urgently calls for understanding and training for multi-culturalism. In practice, cross-cultural training has focused on developing one’s ability to live and work in a new culture, but cross-cultural training for international students usually focused on general life and school life adaptation. Previous studies have predominantly addressed the predictors of accultur- ation such as cultural intelligence for expatriates and foreign workers. However, studies on cultural in- telligence for foreign student workers are very rare. With the gradual impact of globalization, the number of the foreign students in Korea has been increased dramatically. Chinese students have always been the first in the number among the foreign students in Korea. Most Chinese students do arbeit while studying in Korea. However, there is a lack of studies on work adjustment or job satisfaction of “student-workers”. This study aims to investigate the relationship among cultural intelligence, cultural adjustment and work adjustment for “student-workers.” In addition, language skills which is a crucial and the most important factor for acculturation was investigated as a moderator between cultural intelligence and cultural/work adjustment. Moreover, duration of stay which is a important predictor of acculturation was also investigated as a moderator between these variables. Based on the result of regression analysis for 219 Chinese student workers, we got the following results. First, Chinese student workers’ cognitive CQ, motivational CQ, and behavioral CQ all significantly influ- enced their cultural adjustment. Second, Chinese student workers’ behavioral CQ significantly influenced their work adjustment. Third, cultural adjustment was found to mediate the relationship between behav- ioral CQ and work adjustment Fourth, duration of stay was found to moderate the relationship between meta-cognitive CQ and work adjustment. Finally, Korean language skills was found to moderate the relationship between meta-cognitive CQ and work adjustment as well as between motivational CQ and cultural adjustment. Theoretical and practical implications were indicated at the last part.

조선족과 한족 근로자들의 한국에서의 직무적응 및 직무만족에 관한 연구: 문화적응의 매개효과를 중심으로

김권수(Kwon-Su Kim),이금희(Jinxi Michelle Li) 한국경영학회 2019 經營學硏究 Vol.48 No.3

Since the Olympics in 1988, the number of foreigners has increased to 2 million now and Korea is entering a multicultural society. However, most foreign workers in Korea are suffering from poor working conditions, low wages, delayed payment of wages, and cultural adaptation. The variables, duly sorted by different human needs under ERG theory, were assumed to predict the work and cultural adjustment as well as job satisfaction, and included Korean language skills(Existence needs), work conditions(Existence needs), power distance(Relatedness needs), social-cultural distance (Relatedness needs), and achievement needs(Growth needs). The sample of our respondents was 181 Chinese workers(106 Han-Chinese and 75 Korean-Chinese). The empirical results are as follows. Korean language skills positively affected acculturation level and cultural integration, while social-cultural distance negatively influenced cultural integration and work adjustment. Power distance had a positive(+) impact on work adjustment. Work conditions and achievement needs both significantly influenced all the outcome variables including acculturation level, cultural integration, work adjustment and job satisfaction. Acculturation level was found to mediate the relationship between Korean language skills and work adjustment/job satisfaction as well as between achievement needs and work adjustment/job satisfaction. Cultural integration was found to mediate the relationship between working conditions and work adjustment/job satisfaction, social-cultural distance and work adjustment/job satisfaction as well as between achievement needs and work adjustment/job satisfaction. In addition, the two ethnic groups were significantly different in the following paths: working conditions → job satisfaction, power distance → acculturation level, cultural integration → work adjustment, cultural integration → job satisfaction, Korean language skills → work adjustment, and power distance → job satisfaction. This study made a meaningful contribution to the theories of acculturation and work adjustment by analyzing the factors affecting them. The unidimensional and bidimensional measurements of acculturation used in this study also enabled us to compare these two concepts empirically.

Analysis of Work and Cultural Adjustment of Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese Workers in Korea under Framework of ERG Theory

이금희 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2011 International Area Studies Review Vol.14 No.2

The increased number of foreigners in Korea (now more than one million) urgently calls for understanding, analyzing and interpreting the immigration issues in order to solve the foreign workers’ social problems. This paper aims to identify the factors affecting work and cultural adjustment of the foreign workers in Korea and to investigate the differences in adaptation modes of Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese workers. A total of 23 Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese workers were randomly selected for interview to select the variables that best represent the research context. The variables, duly sorted out by different human needs under ERG theory, were assumed to predict the work and cultural adjustment, and included Work Conditions, Power Distance, Social-Cultural Distance in the workplace, Legal Status, Duration of Stay, Korean Proficiency, and Social Support. The sample of our respondents was 395 Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese workers in Korea: 227 Korean-Chinese and168 Han-Chinese. We used SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 for statistical analysis. Our study reveals useful results for the development of theories and measurements of international adjustment as well as for organizational and welfare practice. Work conditions, power distance, and social support have a significant effect on work adjustment. Duration of stay (in Korea), Korean language proficiency, and work adjustment have a significant effect on cultural adjustment. Existence needs have a bigger effect on work/cultural adjustment than relatedness needs. The two ethnic groups have significant differences in the paths of poor working conditions with cultural adjustment and of power distance with cultural adjustment. It is necessary to further develop the measurements of work and cultural adjustment in the future research.

국내 외국인유학생의 문화적응 스트레스가 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향

주동범(Ju, Dong-Beom),김향화(Kim, Hyang-Hwa) 한국비교교육학회 2013 比較敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.1

이 연구의 주목적은 외국인유학생의 문화적응 스트레스가 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 부산에 소재한 4년제 5개 대학에 재학 중인 외국인유학생들을 대상으로 일반적 특성(성별, 여령, 결혼여부, 한국거주기간, 한국어수준), 문화적응 스트레스(지각된 차별감, 향수병, 지각된 미워함, 두려움, 문화적 충격), 대학생활 적응(학업적 적응, 사회적 적응, 개인·정서적 적응)을 조사하였다. 최종 118명 데이터를 사용하여 기술통계분석, 평균차이검증(t검증, 일원분산 분석), 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과를 살펴보면, 외국인유학생의 한국거주기간 및 한국어수준별로 문화적응 스트레스와 대학생활 적응에 차이가 있었다. 이것은 한국거주기간이 짧을수록, 한국어수준이 낮을수록 문화적응 스트레스가 높고, 대학생활 적응에 어려움이 많음을 의미한다. 한편, 외국인유학생의 일반적 특성을 통제한 후 대학생활 적응 중 학업적 적응에 통계적으로 유의미한 부적 영향을 미친 변수는 ‘한국어수준’,‘지각된 차별감’, ‘두려움’,‘문화적 충격’이었고, 사회적 적응에는 문화적 충격, 개인·정서적 적응에는‘향수병’과‘문화적 충격’, 전체에는 ‘지각된 차별감’,‘향수병’,‘두려움’,‘문화적 충격’이었다. 이것은 문화적응 스트레스가 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향이 외국인유학생들의 대학생활 적응 영역에 따라 다르다는 것을 시사한다. 주요 결과에 대한 논의 및 제한점 등이 제시되었다. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of foreigner student’s cultural adjustment stress on university life adjustment. For this, the general characteristics(gender, age, marriage status, period in residence, and level of Korean language), cultural adjustment stress (perceived differentiation, homesick, perceived hate, fear, cultural shock), and university life adjustment(academic, social, and personal·emotional) of the foreigner students who are studying at 5 4-year universities in Busan were surveyed. Using data from 118 foreigner students, descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used. The main results were as the followings. First, there were differences in cultural adjustment stress and university life adjustment by foreigner student’s period in residence and level of Korean language. In the other hands, after controlling foreigner student’s general characteristics, level of Korean language, perceived differentiation, fear, and cultural shock influenced negatively academic adjustment, cultural shock influenced negatively social adjustment, homesick and cultural shock influenced negatively personal·emotional, and perceived differentiation, homesick, fear, and cultural shock influenced negatively total adjustment. Some discussions and suggestions of the results were provided.

이주 근로자에 대한 사회적 지지가 문화적응에 미치는 영향

김현경 한국산업경제학회 2009 산업경제연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 지난 20여 년간 이주에 관한 한국 위상에 극적인 변화를 가져온 이주 근로자들의 사회적 지지와 문화적응 정도를 파악함으로서 이주 근로자의 문화적응을 위한 게임 방안을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 서울과 경기 지역에 거주하는 이주근로자 160명을 대상으로 자기 응답식 설문조사를 통해 연구대상자들이 지각하는 사회적 지지와 문화적응에 대하여 분석하였다. 조사결과 이들의 사회적 지지수준은 3.25로 보통이상의 사회적 지지를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 문화적응은 평균 2.25로 보통 이하의 적응도를 나타내었고 사회적 지지는 문화적응에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이주근로자의 한국 문화적응 증진을 위한 복지방안에 대하여 첫째, 이주근로자들의 문화적응에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 배경변인에 따른 사회적 지지 강화방안이 요구 되며, 둘째, 이주 근로자들의 문화적응을 위한 지원프로그램 개발과 사내(社內) 복지문화(福祉文化) 전문 인력 등을 통해 사회복지 대상자의 특성에 맞는 차별화된 지원정책이 개발되어야 할 것에 대하여 논의하였다. Migrant workers in Korea have brought dramatic changes in terms of immigration for the last two decades. The purpose of this study is to understand the level of cultural adjustment by their social support in cultural adjustment to Korean society, and to examine interventions for successful cultural adjustment of migrant workers. In this study, a total of 160 migrant workers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do completed a self-administered questionnaire. The researchers analyzed these migrant workers’ social support and cultural adjustment in Korea using frequency analysis. The results showed that their levels of social support(M=3.25) have a meaningful effect on cultural adjustment(M=2.25). Based on these results, the direction of social policy to improve migrant workers’ cultural adjustment in Korea was discussed: First, settlement support is required for migrant workers or their extended family to reinforce social support, which is a positive factor in their cultural adjustment. Second, differential support policy to fit into the individual welfare recipient should be established through professional workforce development for migrant workers’ internal welfare culture to remove adjustment stress influencing negatively on their cultural adjustment

유학생들의 자기효능감 및 조직요인이 이문화적응과 전공만족에 미치는 영향

왕옌 ( Wang Yan ),이희승 ( Lee Heeseung ) 한국관광산업학회 2020 Tourism Research Vol.45 No.4

학생들이 해외에서 유학할 때 가장 먼저 맞닥뜨리게 되는 어려움은 타문화에 적응이며 타문화적응이 중요한 이유는 문화적 적응이 학업만족과 성과에도 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문이다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 재한 중국 유학생들을 대상으로 학생들이 지각하는 개인적 요인과 조직적 요인이 이문화적응과 전공 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는지 학술적으로 밝혀보는 것을 주 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 편의추출법을 이용하였고 조사는 온라인 설문방법을 이용하였다. 설문조사는 서울권 및 전남지역 대학에서 수학하고 있는 중국 유학생들을 대상으로 실시하였으며 기간은2020년 9월 10일부터 2020년 10월 15일까지에 걸쳐 진행하였다. 총 401부 중 설문응답에 대한 누락이나 일방향으로 기입한 49부를 제외한 352부를 최종 유효 표본으로 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 설정된 가설들의 관계를 검정하기 위하여 SPSS 22.0 통계패키지를 이용하여 통계적 자료처리를 실시하였다. 분석방법으로는 먼저 표본의 인구통계학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 빈도분석을 실시하였으며 각 변수의 신뢰성을 검정하기 위하여 신뢰성 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 각 변수들의 타당성을 검정하기 위해 타당성 분석을 실시하였고 각 변수들 간의 상관관계를 검증하기 위해 상관관계 분석을 그리고 가설을 검증하기 위해 회귀분석(단순, 다중)을 실시하였다. 연구결과 자기 효능감은 이문화적응에 유희한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 조직요인에 해당하는 멘토링, 경력 관리 역시 이문화적응에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 학령인구가 감소하고 유학생들의 비중이 늘어나고 있는 현 시점에 유학생들의 이문화적응에 도움을 주기 위해서는 대학 차원에서 이들에게 멘토링을 제공하고 경력을 관리할 수 있는 체계적인 시스템을 구축할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 다음으로 본 연구에서는 이문화적응이 전공만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 분석결과 이문화적응에 해당하는 일반적응, 관계·환경적응 모두 일반만족, 교과만족, 관계만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 종합할 때 유학생 비중이 높아지고 있는 대학들에서는 이들의 전공만족을 높이기 위한 적극적인 방안을 단계적으로 수립해 나가는 노력이 요구된다. The most significant challenge that students studying overseas face is adjustment to a difference culture. International students’ cross-cultural adjustment is important because their cultural adjustment can also affect their academic satisfaction and performance. Therefore, this study aimed to academically identify whether personal and organizational factors that students perceive have statistically significant effects on their cross-cultural adjustment and major satisfaction with a focus on Chinese students studying in South Korea. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy, which is a personal factor, significantly influenced cross-cultural adjustment. Convenience extraction methods were used to achieve the purpose of the study and online survey methods were used. The survey was conducted on Chinese students studying at universities in Seoul and South Jeolla Province, and the period ran from September 10, 2020 to October 15, 2020. Of the total 401 parts, 352 parts were used as the final effective samples, except for 49 parts that were omitted from the survey response or written in one direction. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical package to test the relationship between the hypotheses established in this study. The analysis method first performed frequency analysis to determine the demographic characteristics of the samples and reliability analysis to test the reliability of each variable. In addition, a feasibility study was conducted to test the validity of each variable, a correlation analysis was performed to verify the correlation between each variable, and a regression analysis (simple, multiple) to verify the hypothesis. In addition, mentoring and career management, which are organizational factors, also significantly affected cross-cultural adjustment. Therefore, at this time when the school-age population decreases and the proportion of international students increases, it will be needed to establish university-level structured systems that provide international students with mentoring and career management services to support for their cross-cultural adjustment. This study also examined whether international students’ cross-cultural adjustment has a statistically significant effect on their major satisfaction. The results of an analysis showed that all sub-variables of cross- cultural adjustment, including general, relational, and environmental adjustment, significantly influenced general, major, and relational satisfaction. The incorporation of these findings suggests that universities that have increasing proportions of international students should make efforts to establish active measures in phases to raise the students’ major satisfaction.

결혼이주여성의 차별인식, 사회관계망, 사회문화적 적응 간의 구조방정식 모형연구 : 종교의 조절효과를 중심으로

신효진 ( Shin Hyo Jin ),손신 ( Son Shin ) 한국복음주의선교신학회 2016 복음과 선교 Vol.36 No.-

본 연구의 주 목적은 결혼이주여성들의 차별의식, 사회적 관계망, 그리고 사회문화적 적응간의 구조적 인과관계를 분석하는데 있다. 본 연구의 또 다른 중요한 목적은 위의 세 변수들간의 구조적 인과관계에 미치는 종교의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 본 연구를 위해서 경기도, 서울, 대구지역에 거주하는 260명의 결혼이주여성들을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지가 사용되었으며, 다음의 네 가지 연구문제가 설정되었다: 첫째, 결혼이주여성들이 느끼는 차별인식이 그들의 사회적 관계망에 미치는 영향; 둘째, 결혼이주여성의 사회적 관계망이 그들의 사회문화적 적응에 가지는 효과; 셋째, 결혼이주여성의 차별인식과 사회문화적 적응간의 인과관계; 그리고 마지막 네 번째 연구문제로 결혼이주여성의 차별인식, 사회적 관계망, 그리고 사회문화적 적응간의 구조적 인과관계에 미치는 종교의 조절효과여부가 설정되었다. 이상의 연구문제들을 검증하기 위해서 T검증, 일원분산분석, 그리고 구조모형분석의 통계기법들이 사용되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다: 결혼이주여성들의 차별인식은 사회문화적 적응에 부정적 영향을 미친다.; 사회적 관계망과 사회문화적 적응간에는 긍정적 인과관계가 있으며, 사회적 관계망은 또한 차별의식과 사회문화적 적응간의 매개효과를 가진다.; 종교의 조절효과가 검증되었는데, 이는 종교관련 활동을 하는 결혼이주여성들이 그렇지 않은 여성들에 비해 넓은 사회적 관계망을 가지고 있으며, 낮은 수준의 차별인식을 보이고, 높은 수준의 사회문화적 적응을 보이는 결과를 의미한다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 결혼이주여성들의 사회문화적 적응을 위 한 정책 및 프로그램 제언과 제안을 하였다. This study analyzed the structural relationship among dis crimination perception, social network, and the social cultural adjustment of married immigrant women. Another important purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of religion in the structural relationship among those three variables in this study. Two sixty married immigrant women residing in Kyung-Gi Do, Seoul, Daegu were surveyed. There are four research questions: the first question is to find whether discrimination perception negatively influences the social network of married immigrant women. The second question analyzes whether social network has a positive effect on the social cultural adjustment of married immigrant women. The third question is to find whether discrimination perception has a negative effect on the social cultural adjustment of married immigrant women. The last question is to examine the moderating effect of religion on the structural relationships among discrimination perception, social network, and social cultural adjustment of married immigrant women. T-test, ANOVA, and structural equation analysis were used to analyze the research questions. The findings reveal that discrimination perception influences the social cultural adjustment of married immigrant women. Social network has a positive association with social cultural adjustment and social network has the mediating effect on the relationship between discrimination perception and social cultural adjustment. The moderating effect of religion was also examined which means that immigrant women involved in religious activities showed wider social network range, lower discrimination perception against them, and higher level of social cultural adjustment compared to their counterparts. Based on the findings, the contribution of this study and implications for policy and practice were discussed in married immigrant women`s social cultural adjustment.

다문화가정 어머니의 긍정적 양육태도가 청소년의 학교적응에 미치는 영향: 자아탄력성의 매개효과

목소리 ( So Ri Mok ),서보림 ( Bo Lim Suh ),정재경 ( Jae Kyeong Jeong ),강민주 ( Min Ju Kang ) 대한가정학회 2019 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.57 No.3

This study examined the effect of maternal positive parenting attitudes on school adjustment among multi-cultural adolescents in Korea and investigated if multi-cultural adolescents’ ego-resiliency mediates the relationship between maternal positive parenting attitudes and school adjustment. We used panel data from the fifth wave (2015) of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) collected by the National Youth Policy Institute. Participants were 1,297 multi-cultural adolescents (639 boys, 658 girls) who are second-year middle school students and have foreign mothers. SPSS 25.0 performed descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The structural equation model (SEM) was estimated with Mplus 5.12. The results of this study were as follows. First, a higher level of maternal positive parenting attitudes were related to higher level of ego-resiliency and school adjustment for multi-cultural adolescents. Second, maternal positive parenting attitudes had an indirect effect on school adjustment for multi-cultural adolescents via ego-resiliency. The results of this study indicate that maternal positive parenting behaviors would help improve the school adjustment of multi-cultural adolescents by increasing the level of ego-resiliency. In addition, the results of this study suggest that improving ego-resiliency for multi-cultural adolescents can be an effective method to help in school adjustment, as well as education for maternal parenting attitude.

다문화가정 초등학생의 자아탄력성과 가족지지가 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향

변은주,심혜숙 한국상담학회 2010 상담학연구 Vol.11 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ego-resilience and family support on school adjustment of primary school students from multi-cultural families. 103 multi-cultural students from 3rd to 6th grade were participated in the research. The participants were asked to complete the questionnaire on ego-resilience, family support, school adjustment. Data were analysed using SPSS and the statistics was conducted through Multiple Regression Analysis. Results of this study were as follows. First, ego-resilience, family support and school adjustment has shown statistically positive relation with one another. Second, school lessons and school rules of school adjustment were more affected by ego-resilience rather than family support. Third, peer relationship of school adjustment was more affected by family support than ego-resilience. Finally, teacher relationship of school adjustment was affected by both ego-resilience and family support. school adjustment was more affected by ego-resilience than family support. Based on the result, the ways and intervention to improve school adjustment of multi-cultural primary students were discussed. 본 연구는 다문화가정 초등학생의 자아탄력성과 가족지지가 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 전국 4개 지역 37개 초등학교에 재학 중인 3학년에서 6학년 다문화가정 학생 103명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 자아탄력성과 가족지지를 예언변인으로 두고, 종속변인인 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 표준 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자아탄력성과 가족지지 및 학교생활적응 간에 유의미한 정적 상관이 나타났다. 둘째, 자아탄력성은 학교생활적응의 하위요인인 학교수업과 학교규칙에서 좀 더 많은 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교우관계에 있어서는 가족지지 변인이 좀 더 많은 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자아탄력성과 가족지지가 교사관계에 대해서는 비슷한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 다문화가정 초등학생들의 학교생활적응을 증진시키기 위한 실천방향과 개입의 필요성을 논의하였다.

중국 진출 한국기업 주재원의 현지 문화적응 유형과 조직몰입에 관한 연구

안종석 ( Jong Seok Ahn ) 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 중국연구소 2010 中國硏究 Vol.49 No.-

The exploitation of overseas expatriate managers is the one of most basic problems which MNCs face in the foreign market. This study focuses on the Korean expatriates in China which is the most admired market to Korean firms. At first, this study classifies the types of cultural adjustment of Korean expatriates. And then this study investigates expatriates` demographic characteristics and the degree of the multidimensional organizational commitment according to the types of cultural adjustment. The result of this study shows the types of cultural adjustment was classified into 4 categories, integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization, as suggested by Berry`s model. There was found some differences in demographic characteristics such as sex, marital state, major, staying types(with or without family), and the place of residence by the 4 types of cultural adjustment. And there existed some differences in the degree of the organizational commitment according to the types of the cultural adjustment.