SNS 활용에 따른 이문화 가변성과 커뮤니케이션 변화 추이에 관한 연구

이제홍 국제e-비즈니스학회 2019 e-비즈니스 연구 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study is to establish the thinking of foreign culture by SNS, which is the change factor of the US and China, which represents the East and West by SNS, openness of foreign culture, acceptance of foreign culture, understanding of foreign culture, autonomy of foreign and emotional expression, and formalized foreign culture. The effects of six variability factors on the intercultural contact and the ease of interrelationship and the effect of the intercultural contact and interrelationship on the correspondence between intercultural communication and the formalized thinking of intercultural culture were analyzed. In addition, we studied the differences between the US and China on these SNS intercultural factors. Through this rapid and globalized cross-cultural research, the government is planning to establish a model for utilizing future communication (negotiation) of government or corporation. As a result of this study, the establishment of foreign cross-cultural thinking, openness of foreign cross-cultural, foreign cross-cultural acceptance, foreign cross-cultural understanding, autonomy of foreigners and emotional expressions, and formalized cross-cultural have positive effects on global cross-cultural contact and ease of interaction. According to the verification result, the use of SNS has a positive influence on openness of foreign cross-cultural culture, understanding of foreign cross-cultural culture, freedom of expression of emotions with foreigners, and standardized foreign culture. On the other hand, the establishment of foreign cross-cultural thinking and the acceptance of foreign cross-cultural were rejected. In other words, in the use of internationalized SNS, there is no influence even if the use of SNS is expanded in terms of the establishment of cross-cultural thinking and acceptance of cross-cultural. 본 연구는 SNS 활용으로 동서양을 대표하는 미국과 중국의 이문화 변화요인인 SNS에 의한 외국문화의사고정립, 외국문화 개방성, 외국문화 수용성, 외국문화 이해성, 외국인과 감정표현의 자율성, 정형화된 외국문화의 6개 가변성 요인이 이문화 접촉 및 상호관계성 용이에 미치는 영향과 이러한 이문화 접촉 및 상호관계성이 이문화 커뮤니케이션 일치성과 이문화의 정형화된 사고의 일치성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 아울러이와 같은 SNS 이문화 요인에 대해 미국과 중국 차이를 연구하였다. 이러한 빠르게 진전되고, 글로벌화된이문화 연구를 통하여 정부 또는 기업의 미래 커뮤니케이션(협상) 활용방안 모델을 수립하는데 있다. 본 연구 결과 SNS활용으로 정리된 요인인 외국 이문화 사고정립, 외국 이문화 개방성, 외국 이문화 수용성, 외국 이문화 이해성, 외국인과 감정표현의 자율성 그리고 정형화된 이문화가 글로벌 이문화 접촉과 상호관계용이성에 긍정적 영향을 미친 여부의 검증결과를 보면, SNS 활용으로 외국 이문화 개방성, 외국 이문화이해성, 외국인과의 감정 표현의 자유성, 그리고 정형화된 외국 이문화에 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있다. 반면, 외국 이문화 사고정립과 외국 이문화 수용성은 기각되었다. 즉, 여기에서 국제화된 SNS 활용에 있어서 이문화사고정립이나 이문화 수용성 측면에서는 SNS활용이 확대되었다고 할지라도 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것이다.

Korean EFL College Students’ Culture Learning through Culture Shock Experiences

김영숙 CHONGSHIN UNIVERSITY 2006 CHONGSHIN REVIEW Vol.27 No.-

The importance of culture in language learning and teaching has been highly emphasized in foreign and second language teaching profession. As a language learner, being in the culture of a certain community and developing a cultural identity are crucial to consider to intercultural competence. In order to understand the L2 learners' culture learning process, the present study explored Korean EFL students’ cross-cultural experiences by analyzing the contents of culture shock storytelling. The study intended to find out the aspects of culture shock and how culture shock experiences yield to culture learning and their acculturation process. Among the four stages of the acculturation process typically categorized in culture learning, the second stage, culture shock, is of interest in this study. Culture shock, while possessing manifestations of crisis and distress of experiencing many cultural differences, can also be viewed more positively as a profound cross-cultural learning experience. As a result of the study, students experienced culture shock in various aspects of culture and the most distinct areas were nonverbal communication and rules of speaking. While students felt is comfort and stressful from culture shock, they seemed to have gained a new perspective of looking at people from the ethnorelative point of view and became more empathetic toward other cultures. Cross-cultural encounters and culture shock experiences seem to make students more motivated to learning English and develop their competence in intercultural communication.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Students Studying Abroad in South Korea

Zhang Guanfang,Wang Yanfang 한중경제문화학회 2023 한중경제문화연구 Vol.24 No.-

Cross-cultural adaptation is a social behavior that occurs when individuals enter a foreign cultural environment. Cross-cultural adapters learn the moral norms, language customs, and other aspects of the host culture, gradually adapting to and accepting it. They integrate their inherent beliefs, thoughts, emotions, and behavioral patterns with the host culture, forming a diverse multicultural background. Since humans have engaged in cross-geographical interactions, cross-cultural adaptation has existed worldwide. With the development of science and technology and the advent of global economic integration, the world has become a global village. Nowadays, more and more people travel far from their hometowns to study, work, and engage in activities in foreign countries. Cross-cultural encounters bring novelty, mystery, and a sense of pressure, as living in a different culture means making specific changes in lifestyle and thought patterns. This change can be stressful, and not everyone can overcome it to adapt to life in a foreign country successfully. Therefore, cross-cultural adaptation is one of the most essential areas in today’s cross-cultural education. This study explores the internal and external factors that affect the cross-cultural adaptation of international students in South Korea and proposes relevant strategies to improve their cross-cultural adaptation.

국제협상의 문화 간 커뮤니케이션 탐색연구 : 이문화(異文化) 수용훈련 모델과 커뮤니케이션 전략 Developing a Cross-cultural Training Model and Communication Strategies

이두원 청주대학교 사회과학연구소 2005 한국사회과학연구 Vol.27 No.1

글로벌 시대를 맞이하여 문화권이 서로 다른 집단 간의 국제협상이 국가, 기업, 사회단체, 개인 등의 차원에서 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 국제협상은 사안에 따라 막대한 이해관계가 발생하게 되고, 따라서 그 결과는 수많은 사람들에게 많은 시간에 걸쳐 물질적·정신적 손해를 초래할 수도 있다. 그러나 협상 환경에 '문화 간 커뮤니케이션'이란 매개변인이 작용함으로서 이문화(異文化) 간 국제협상은 매우 복잡한 커뮤니케이션 구조와 변인들을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국제협상의 이면에 내재된 문화간 커뮤니케이션(intercultural communication)을 연구주제로 설정하고, 커뮤니케이션학의 시각에서 이문화 수용훈련 모델 및 커뮤니케이션 전략에 대한 논의를 전개하고자 하였다. 특히 국제협상의 실무자에게 실천적 훈련모델 및 커뮤니케이션 전략을 제공하기 위해 세 가지 차원에서 논의를 전개하였다. 첫째, 문화 간 협상자의 이문화 간 수용능력 개발모델을 살펴보았다. 국제협상에서 협상자 간의 문화적 마찰이 발생하였을 때, 자신의 문화적 지식과 경험을 통하여 논리적으로 문화적 점검을 수행할 수 있는 능력을 배양하기 위한 단계별 훈련과정으로 개방적 자세, 자신과 타인에 대한 인식, 문화적 지식, 문화 간 숙련 및 기술단계의 훈련 내용을 살펴보았다. 둘째, 협상변인에 따른 문화간 커뮤니케이션 전략모델을 구축해 보고자 하였다. 협상변인으로 작용하는 정보, 시간, 영향력 등을 중심으로 자신과 상대의 협상적 위치를 파악하고, 전개될 협상 과정을 예측한 후, 문화적 변인을 반영한 커뮤니케이션 전략을 수립해보고자 하였다. 셋째, 국제협상에서 문화적 변인에 따른 협상 커뮤니케이션 전략 모델을 구축해보고자 하였다. 문화성향을 성격화하는 10가지 변인들, 즉 환경, 시간, 행위, 의사소통, 공간, 권력, 개인주의, 경쟁성, 구조, 사고방식을 중심으로 커뮤니케이션 전략 작성안을 구성해 보았다. 국제 협상자는 상대의 문화적 변인을 점검한 후, 문화적 변인에 따라 커뮤니케이션 특성을 파악하고, 이를 반영하는 커뮤니케이션 계획을 수립할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In a global world, it is important to be able to adapt the negotiation style to cross-cultural settings. Cross-cultural negotiation is one of many specialized areas within the wider field of cross-cultural communications. By taking cross-cultural negotiation training, international negotiators give themselves an advantage over competitors. To reach a higher level of effectiveness in every international and/or cross-cultural negotiations, it is necessary to acquire cross-cultural negotiation skills. The way in which we approach negotiation differs across cultures. For example, in the Middle East rather than approaching topics sequentially negotiators may discuss issues simultaneously. The Japanese will negotiate in teams and decisions will be based upon consensual agreement. In Korea, decisions are usually made by the most senior figure or head of a family. In China, negotiators are highly trained in the art of gaining concessions. In Germany, decisions can take a long time due to the need to analyse information and statistics in great depth. This study focuses on developing a cross-cultural training model and communication strategies for international negotiators. Thus, the discussion highlights the cross-cultural negotiation skills such as understanding barriers to cross-cultural communication and intercultural communications, analyzing the world view of the negotiation counterpart, forecasting the impact of communication message that touch core values of other cultures, and understanding what behaviors can damage or increase negotiation effectiveness across cultures. The ultimate goal this study is to provide those practitioners in the cross-cultural negotiation settings some insights on the cross-cultural training and communication variables such as the culture, values, beliefs, etiquette and approaches to business, meetings and negotiations.

Research on Cultural Differences and Cross-cultural Management of Sino-Korea Joint Ventures: Taking Beijing Hyundai Motor Co., Ltd. as a case

왕예선,송재훈 한국전문경영인학회 2019 專門經營人硏究 Vol.22 No.3

In the 21st century of global economic integration, the world's economic relations have become increasingly close, and foreign investment and transnational operations have become an inevitable development trend. Joint ventures are enterprises jointly invested by foreign and host countries under the international market economy, which further promote the economic exchanges between countries and the development of global economy. As a neighbor, China and South Korea have close contacts in various fields such as economic trade and cultural exchanges. However, there are still cultural differences that cannot be ignored in Chinese and Korean cultures. It is a potential risk and obstacle to cross-cultural management of Sino-Korea joint ventures. Cultural differences are double-edged swords. The joint venture managers' ability to improve cross-cultural management is to play a positive role in the operation of the cultural differences, to avoid destructive cultural conflicts caused by the expansion of differences, and to affect the overall development of the enterprise. Based on the differences between Chinese and Korean corporate culture, this paper makes a comparative analysis of Chinese and Korean corporate culture, and takes Beijing-Hyundai Auto as a specific case, studies the cross-cultural management of Sino Korean joint ventures, and finally puts forward solutions and ideas, hoping to provide a theoretical reference for Beijing Hyundai company to better carry out cross-cultural management. In addition, through the analysis of modern cases in Beijing-Hyundai, the managers of Sino Korean joint ventures can deepen their understanding and recognition of each other's culture, effectively turn corporate cultural differences into the driving force of enterprise development, and formulate effective cross-cultural management programs. Therefore, the research results of this paper have certain practical significance and practical value. The content structure of this paper is as follows: First of all, the introduction introduces the macro development background and current situation of Sino Korean joint ventures, points out the existing problems in the management of Sino Korean joint ventures, and briefly introduces the basic situation of Beijing-Hyundai and the research value as a case of cross-cultural management. Secondly, in the part of theoretical research, this paper systematically collates the theoretical research on corporate cultural differences and cross-cultural management through literature research. In terms of the academic achievements in this field, this paper redefines the concept of cross-cultural management, discusses the necessity of cross-cultural management, and divides the process of cross- cultural management into three stages: cultural conflict latency, collision integration period and integration innovation period. Thirdly, this paper introduces Hofstede's cultural dimension theory and GLODE cultural dimension theory, as well as the evaluation results of Chinese and Korean culture under the two theories. Then, it makes a deep study on the characteristics of Chinese and Korean corporate culture from the dimensions of Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long-term/Short-term, and also puts forward the personal point of view. Finally, through case analysis, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the cross-cultural management of Beijing Hyundai. Based on the SWOT analysis of Beijing Hyundai, this paper further points out that the conflict of internal management is in due to the differences of corporate culture. By studying Beijing Hyundai's corporate culture construction strategy and cultural conflict resolution, this paper summarizes the five elements of the success of Beijing modern cross-cultural management, so as to provide useful ideas for other Sino Korean joint ventures to promote corporate culture integration and better cross-cultural management.

역문화충격의 구조적 요인과 적응과정에서의 비교문화역량 연구

이노미 ( No Mi Lee ) 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2017 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 재입국자의 역문화 충격에 대한 구조적 요인을 규명하고 나아가 역문화 충격 적응과정에서의 비교문화역량을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이에 재입국자의 역문화충격 요인을 환경, 사회경제, 문화, 가치관, 문화 간 커뮤니케이션의 5가지로 세분화하여 검토하였다. 그 결과 대기오염과 소음, 난폭운전, 고물가, 폭음ㆍ만취문화를 비롯하여 집단주의, 경쟁의식, 배려부족의 가치관이 역문화충격의 주요 요인임이 밝혀졌다. 또한 주관적, 일방적, 권위적 커뮤니케이션과 함께 신체접촉과 시선의 비언어에 대한 역문화 충격이 크게 두드러졌다. 역문화충격 적응과정에서의 비교문화역량은 `자문화 성찰과 타문화이해`는 물론 `문화의 보편성`을 추구함으로써 `문화다양성을 이해`할 수 있는 능력을 강화하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이를 통해 재입국자들이 역문화충격 과정에서 발생하기 쉬운 문화갈등을 최소화 함으로써 비교문화역량의 향상을 도모하고 역문화충격의 긍정적 요인에 대한 단초를 제공하는데 기여하고자 한다. The repeated experience of emigration and immigration over the cultural border improves the Cross Cultural Competence experience while it also produces problems of Reserve Culture Shock because of the psychological changes caused by an unfamiliar culture. It is because the prediction for different cultures is possible when anticipating a culture shock when you go abroad and it is relatively easy to adapt to Cross Cultural Competence. However, in the case of immigration back to your own country, this kind of prediction is never made. It can`t be emphasized enough that the importance of Reserve Culture Shock, an immigrating Korean, becoming an `alien in their own hometown` and having trouble with Reserve Culture Shock when you consider that the number of students and citizens abroad, and diplomats and other overseas professionals is increasing with globalization. Despite the effectiveness of Cross Cultural Competence during the adaptation of Reserve Culture Shock, there isn`t enough research concerning Reserve Culture Shock in Korea. Therefore, this study promotes the practical implications of activating Reserve Culture Shock ability by investigating the level of Cross Cultural Competence during the re-immigration adaptation of Reserve Culture Shock. It is also expected that it will expand the horizon of improved awareness of Reserve Culture Shock, supported by the advances from existing research, and its educational value will be elevated by researching Reserve Culture Shock in an academic paradigm and the correlation with Cross Cultural Competence simultaneously.

跨⽂化視野下中國銅官窯陶瓷⽂化特⾊研究

任群 ( Ren Qun ),金鍾其 ( Jongki Kim ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.4

隨著經濟的全球化發展, 各國之間的交流互動變得頻繁, 而陶瓷貿易交流是唐代的中國與國外文化交流的第一個高峰, 也表現出相互影響和融合的特點。中國銅官窯是唐代著名的商業性外銷瓷窯, 其陶瓷產品沿海上絲綢之路遠銷東亞、南亞、西亞、北非等地, 創造了一千多年前藝術與商品結合的典範。本文以跨文化貿易與交流歷史語境中的銅官窯陶瓷文化為研究對象,目的是分析銅官窯陶瓷在造型、紋飾、色彩等方面表現出的跨文化特點。通過文獻研究、對比研究等方法,找到銅官窯陶瓷文化元素的文化淵源、傳播路徑以及內在的關聯。結果證明銅官窯陶瓷在向外傳播的同時,與外銷各國人民進行了文化互動,其產品受伊斯蘭、佛教藝術的影響而獨具特色, 銅官窯成功的秘訣在於其兼收並蓄、大膽創新的跨文化設計, 本文對其跨文化元素進行梳理與研究, 這對於當代跨文化產品設計將提供重要的參考借鑒作用。 With the development of economic globalization, the exchanges and interactions between countries became frequent, and the ceramic trade exchange was the first peak of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty, which also showed the characteristics of mutual influence and integration. The Chinese Tongguan kiln was a famous commercial export porcelain kiln in the Tang Dynasty. Its products created a model of the combination of art and commodities more than 1,000 years ago. This paper takes the culture of Tongguan kiln ceramics in the historical context of cross-cultural trade and communication as the research object, aiming to analyze the cross-cultural characteristics of Tongguan kiln ceramics in modeling, decoration, color and other aspects. Through literature research, comparative study and other methods, the cultural origin, transmission path and internal correlation of the cultural elements of tongguan kiln ceramics are found. It proves that Tongguan kiln ceramics had cultural interaction with the people of export countries while spreading abroad, and its products were unique under the influence of Islamic and Buddhist art. The secret of the success of Tongguan kiln lies in its eclectic, bold and innovative cross-cultural design. This paper combs and studies its cross-cultural elements, which will provide an important reference for contemporary cross-cultural product design.

Cross-Cultural Management in China

Tobias Cramer 한국유통과학회 2018 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.8 No.1

Purpose - This paper discusses cross-cultural management (CCM) in China and how its business students get prepared by university cross-cultural management courses for an international market. Research design, data, and methodology – It was therefore decided to do an online content analysis looking at CCM courses offered by a number of Chinese universities first, and second to conduct a quantitative survey on CCM courses as well as topics among Chinese undergraduate business students at a large Eastern Chinese university. Results - From fundamental aspects, seven Chinese cultural standards emerge which highly influence the behaviour of the Chinese. There is a tendency to imply the integration of not only local but also cross cultural issues in academic management courses. Besides Hong Kong, there are currently 17 Chinese universities and schools accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) that explicitly requires cross-cultural management competencies in undergraduate and graduate degree programmes. In addition, the study confirmed that two-third of the sample (Chinese undergraduate business students) had taken cross-cultural management courses. Conclusions - The results of this research have made it clear that Chinese universities and schools are aware of the importance of cross-cultural management competencies.

비교문화사의 관점에서 본 한국과 몽골의 민속

장장식 한국몽골학회 2011 몽골학 Vol.0 No.30

The cross-cultural research premises understanding other cultures; yet improve and understand their own culture more deeply for now. The fundamental is finding out the identity of its mother culture. Indeed, the cultural identity is not only homogeneous of them but explore the characteristics of culture should be based on the cultural universality that can be seen throughout the other cultures. The research direction can be varied which way should we choose whether diachronic or synchronic perspectives in order to compare both Korean culture and Mongolian culture. Above all, the category of research can be varied the size of comparison. A couple of points to be considered when it comes to discussing in these manners; on account of space consideration according to writer’s ability, I decided to limit the main topics are the important traits of the succession of beliefs, language and behaviors. According to the fruitful results of comparison study of Korean and Mongolia, the original name of Mac tribe might be Khori which can be seen Wiryak(魏略) or Mongolbisa ; some relationships of the transliteration in Koryo(高麗) and Kuryo(句麗). In the late Koryo period, the international exchange between Koryo Dynasty and Imperial Mongolia(麗元) was concrete and practical. The historical relationships between two cultures were dynamically acculturated; consequently, it is highly probable that two countries may have identical culture and possessed simultaneously. Furthermore, this is one of the reasons that existing folk materials are very similar. The relations between Eowar [鄂博] and Seonangdang a pile of stones, also, the new year eve taboos which are related to folklore can be seen at the same time. Stone totem pole culture can be found as well, such as Stone Statue[Huncholro] and Grandpa Stone[Dolharbang]. Despite cultural tradition of shamans which is merely some phenomenal difference, we can differentiate it in many ways. We are able to understand culture more deeply and have a clue to look into two other cultures. However, it seems to me that it is an impossible task to compare and understand in diachronic per se, due to the lack of research material and data. We are looking at Korean and Mongolian culture more closely. It is the important task on the cross cultural research on Korean -Mongolian folktale, which is a stream of folk literature. In order to study on folktales both countries, we have to have texts. Early research was carried out with secondary data from Japan and China rather than the data from Mongolia. Therefore, the most research result was discussed outlines of folktales roughly, it concluded in the perspectives of diffusionism after all. Thanks to the publication of Mongolian books which are translated into Korean, we might have a chance to look up and find out folk literature perspective so that we can see some characteristics of Mongolia folktales in detail. There are many similarities in play as well which a sort of the succession of behaviors is. Especially, many board games were found whether it is identical or similar. It may be a deductive conclusion; this board game is reflected on characteristics of the nomad culture. This may be a frame of reference that we can discover the origin of our culture. In the historical context, we have to stress out the diachronic research, when we have a cross-cultural research on Korea and Mongolia. However, we should not ignore synchronic data, although the material is insufficient. If we suppose that the highland of Mongolia and the Lake Baikal is the origin of our culture, the qualitative result cannot be made out; the nostalgia of the original of homeland per se. It is the time that we have an eagle eye on approaching to Mongolia folklore in many ways. Through this effort, I expect to have a new horizon of the cross cultural research between Korea and Mongolia.

문화인식과 문화교육 - 한국 문화 교육을 위한 제언-

이선이 ( Lee Sun-yi ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2007 언어와 문화 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study is to developing propose for Korean Culture Education. Especially, this study focus on how to have the right viewpoint of the Korean Culture Education. First of all, the major premise of this discussion is a reflection on the Modernism, Progressivism and Nationalism in the recognition about culture. Secondly, we deal with the meaning and problems of the recognition method about the existing cross-culture which are ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, multiculturalism, and education for international understanding in the Era of Globalization. Finally, this study considers the analysis method of the culture difference and the actual strategy of culture education. In conclusion, we need to change our mind about Korean culture education from just contents of culture education itself to ‘how to teach the culture’