Effects of a Complex Exercise Program on the Distance between Knees and Balance in Individuals in their 20s with Genu Varum

Jeong, Beomcheol,Yoo, Kyungtae International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2020 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.11 No.4

Background: Thera-Band, Narrow squats, Kinesiology taping helps in the reduction of loading on the knee joints. Despite the fact that the varus knee negatively affects the alignment of the lower extremities, most of the studies have analyzed each independently. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a complex exercise program consisting of elastic band exercises and squat exercises on the distance between the inner knees and balance in young adults with genu varum. Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods: The complex exercise group performed resistance exercises using an elastic band. The taping group used kinesiology tape on the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. To select those to be included in the study, we measured the distance between the knees using digital Vernier calipers and to measure the balance ability, we used a balance training system. The data were analyzed with the independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: The study indicated a significant difference in the distance between the knees between the two groups, but no significant differences in the dynamic balance between the groups. Also, the static balance comparison between the groups according to the intervention method included the trace length, C90 area, C90 angle and velocity. There were no significant differences in the static balance between the groups. In addition, the complex exercise program was more effective than taping. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the complex exercise program and taping decrease the between both the knee and increase the balance.

The Effect of Complex Ankle Exercises on Balance with Functional Ankle Instability in Twenties

Ki Jong Kim,Sung Ha Ji,Jin-Young Kim 국제물리치료학회 2017 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the complex ankle exercises on balance. 22 participants (male: 14, female: 8) with functional ankle instability were participated. Functional ankle instability was selected to be less than 24 points using the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) with people who had severe ankle sprain and then experiencing ankle giving way. A total of 20 minutes performed three times a week for four weeks with muscle strength and balance exercises. Muscle strengthening exercise was performed with Theraband, and balance exercise was performed with unstable support plates. Biodex balance systemⓇ was used to measure static and dynamic balance. The dynamic balance was selected in grade 2, 4, and 8. The static and dynamic balance (grade: 2, 4,and 8) balance was significantly decreased in anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions (p<.05). The instability was significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). These results suggest that complex exercises are beneficial to decreasing the functional ankle instability.

The Effect of Complex Ankle Exercises on Balance with Functional Ankle Instability in Twenties

김기종,지성하,김진영 국제물리치료연구학회 2017 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the complex ankle exercises on balance. 22 participants (male: 14, female: 8) with functional ankle instability were participated. Functional ankle instability was selected to be less than 24 points using the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) with people who had severe ankle sprain and then experiencing ankle giving way. A total of 20 minutes performed three times a week for four weeks with muscle strength and balance exercises. Muscle strengthening exercise was performed with Theraband, and balance exercise was performed with unstable support plates. Biodex balance systemⓇ was used to measure static and dynamic balance. The dynamic balance was selected in grade 2, 4, and 8. The static and dynamic balance (grade: 2, 4,and 8) balance was significantly decreased in anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions (p<.05). The instability was significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). These results suggest that complex exercises are beneficial to decreasing the functional ankle instability.

The Effect of Complex Ankle Exercises on Balance with Functional Ankle Instability in Twenties

Kim, Ki Jong,Ji, Sung Ha,Kim, Jin Young International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2017 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the complex ankle exercises on balance. 22 participants (male: 14, female: 8) with functional ankle instability were participated. Functional ankle instability was selected to be less than 24 points using the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) with people who had severe ankle sprain and then experiencing ankle giving way. A total of 20 minutes performed three times a week for four weeks with muscle strength and balance exercises. Muscle strengthening exercise was performed with Theraband, and balance exercise was performed with unstable support plates. Biodex balance system(R) was used to measure static and dynamic balance. The dynamic balance was selected in grade 2, 4, and 8. The static and dynamic balance (grade: 2, 4,and 8) balance was significantly decreased in anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions (p<.05). The instability was significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). These results suggest that complex exercises are beneficial to decreasing the functional ankle instability.

‘경기도형 지역균형개발 산업단지’ 도입방안

김군수,성영조,이다겸 경기연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

○ Combined development of industrial complexes is necessary in terms of revitalization of industrial complexes in the Northeastern region of Gyeonggi, which has poor industrial infrastructure (on the level of regional balance), promotion of the transition to planned locations of individual production locations (on the level of location competitiveness), and strengthening the functionality as a corporate support hub (on the level of integrating local innovation centers), thereby inducing companies to innovate with nearby areas. ○ In this context, this study aims to develop a model for a balanced regional industrial complex by reinvesting the development profits of industrial parks with good business feasibility to the industrial parks with poor business feasibility through combined development of two or more industrial complexes. ○ The direction of combined development of industrial complexes is a way to reinvest the development profits from the industrial facility sites and the supporting facility sites in industrial complexes that can generate profits in the southwest region to the northeast region, where the industrial base is poor, and to compensate for the loss of development profits. ○ Under the current legal system, the profits from the sale of the 〈Industrial Facility Sites〉 concerned allow for loss compensation to the industrial complexes and other industrial complexes. However, despite such legal grounds, there are no cases of applying for the combined development due to the lack of provisions for loss compensation procedures and methods. Therefore, this study intends to suggest a plan that can be promoted as a pilot project for combined industrial complex development. ○ On the other hand, under the current legal system, losses from the industrial complex concerned can be compensated by the sale of 〈Supporting Facility Sites〉, but not for other complexes. In other words, under the current legal system, there is no provision stating, “the loss compensation to other industrial complexes is possible by the development profits of supporting facility sites, which are supplied by the appraised value”. - Therefore, improvement of the system is required so that more than 25% of the profits from the development of the supporting facility sites can be reinvested in not only the industrial complexes concerned, but also other industrial complexes. - In addition, the loss of other industrial complexes should be compensated by the development profits generated from the supporting facility sites.

농공단지 관련 법제의 법적 쟁점

조성규(Sung Kyu Cho) 한국국가법학회 2023 국가법연구 Vol.19 No.2

농공단지는 대도시 중심의 경제성장 전략의 폐해로 나타난 농어촌지역의 인구 감소 및 일자리 부족 등 당면 문제를 해소하기 위하여 농어촌 지역의 산업기반을 마련할 목적으로 1983년 「농어촌소득원개발촉진법」을 통해 도입된 제도이다. 농공단지는 현행의 법제도 및 법체계상 산업단지의 일종으로, 「산업입지 및 개발에 관한 법률」 및 「산업집적활성화 및 공장설립에 관한 법률」의 규율대상이나, 농어촌지역에 지정되는 점에서 「농어촌정비법」 등 다른 법률과의 법체계적 관련성이 크다. 그에 따라 농공단지는 다른 산업단지들과 달리 다수의 중앙부처가 관여되는 결과, 농공단지의 개발 및 관리에 대한 권한체계가 중복적이고 비효율적이며, 이로 인해 농공단지에 대한 통합적이고 체계적인 규율이 이루어지지 못함으로써, 농공단지를 법 외적으로 방치하는 결과를 가져오고 있다. 이러한 상황은 규율형식과 관련하여서도 문제를 가져오는바, 농공단지의 개발 및 관리에 대한 구체적 규율은 법률이 아닌 농림축산식품부, 산업통상자원부, 국토교통부, 환경부 및 해양수산부 공통고시인 「농공단지의 개발 및 운영에 관한 통합지침」으로 대부분 규율되고 있다. 그러나 산업단지로서 농공단지에 대한 규율의 상당수는 입주기업이나 지방자치단체 등의 권리나 의무와 관련되는 점에서 지침에 의한 행정은 법치행정의 원칙상 문제의 소지가 있다. 한편, 농공단지 관련 법체계 역시 체계정합적이지 못한바, 농공단지는 산업입지법상 산업단지의 일종으로 분류되지만 국가 차원의 산업발전을 도모하는 목적의 통상적 산업단지와는 달리, ‘농어촌지역’을 대상으로 ‘농어민의 소득 증대를 위한 산업의 유치·육성’을 목적으로 하는 점에서 지역균형발전 내지 지방자치라는 법적 가치와도 접목되어 있는 제도이며, 따라서 농공단지의 법제화에 있어서는 지역균형발전 및 지방자치에 관한 법적 가치와 지향점이 함께 고려될 필요가 있다. 이러한 규범적 요청은 농공단지 관련법제를 통상적인 산업단지와 분리하여 별도의 법제로 정비하여야 할 필요성을 가져온다. 이러한 규율체계 및 규율형식 등의 문제를 개선하기 위해서는 농공단지를 일반적 산업단지와 차별화하여 농공단지를 통해 산업적 기능 외에 국가균형발전의 법적 가치의 실현을 도모한다는 패러다임의 현대적 변화를 수용하는 개별법으로의 법제의 정비가 필요하다. 그러한 법제화에 있어서는 농공단지의 법적 가치 및 지향점에 대한 명확한 제시와 더불어, 농공단지의 지역적 특성을 고려한 지방자치권의 보장 및 국가의 보충적 지위가 기본적으로 제시되어야 할 것이며, 이와 함께 농공단지의 효율적 운용을 위해 체계적이고 통합적인 관리권한을 행사할 수 있는 컨트롤타원의 역할을 할 수 있는 관리기구의 구축이 필요한 동시에, 농공단지에 대해서는 단순한 산업적 의미를 넘어 국가균형발전의 관점에서 지원제도의 법제화하는 등의 방향이 모색되어야 할 것이다. The agricultural and industrial complex was introduced in 1983 with the aim of laying the industrial foundation for rural areas to solve problems such as population decline and job shortages in rural areas, which have been caused by the harmful effects of large-scale economic growth strategies. Agricultural and industrial complexes are a type of industrial complexes under the current legal system and are basically regulated by 「Industrial Sites And Development Act」 and 「Industrial Cluster Development And Factory Establishment Act」, but they are highly related to other laws such as 「Agricultural And Fishing Villages Improvement Act」 in that they are designated in rural areas. Because of this, unlike other industrial complexes, the authority system for the development and management of agricultural complexes is redundant and inefficient, as a result of such unsystematicity, integrated and systematic regulations on agricultural and industrial complexes are not implemented, resulting in the neglect of agricultural and industrial complexes outside the law. This situation also brings problems in relation to the form of regulations, and most of the specific regulations on the development and management of agricultural and industrial complexes are regulated not by laws, by the Unified Guidelines, which is an administrative rule jointly enacted by a number of ministries. However, in that many of the rules on agricultural and industrial complexes as industrial complexes are related to the rights and obligations of tenant companies and local governments, the rules of agricultural and industrial complexes under administrative rules are problematic in the principle of the rule of law. On the other hand, the legal system related to agricultural and industrial complexes is also not systematic because they are classified as a type of industrial complexes, but unlike conventional industrial complexes for national industrial development, they are also combined with the legal values of balanced national development or local autonomy. Therefore, the legal values and directions of balanced national development and local autonomy must be considered in the legislation of agricultural and industrial complexes, and this normative request is linked to the need to separate the legal system for agricultural and industrial complexes from those for ordinary industrial complexes. In order to improve these legal systems and legal forms, it is necessary to differentiate agricultural and industrial complexes from general industrial complexes to accept modern changes in the paradigm of realizing the legal value of balanced national development in addition to industrial functions. In such legislation, first of all, the legal value and direction of agricultural and industrial complexes should be clearly presented, as well as the significance of local autonomy laws of agricultural and industrial complexes. In addition, it is necessary to establish a management organization that can serve as a control ellipse so that it can exercise systematic and integrated management authority for the efficient operation of agricultural and industrial complexes. At the same time, the support system for agricultural and industrial complexes should be sought to legislate from the perspective of balanced national development beyond a simple industrial meaning.

지역균형발전을 고려한 타당성 평가체계 개선 연구:산업단지 조성사업을 대상으로

여규동,송지영 국토연구원 2022 국토연구 Vol.113 No.-

The purpose of this study is to develop a method to reflect the value of balanced regional development that has been neglected in the feasibility study of the Local Finance Act. Accordingly, a vulnerability assessment model was developed for the industrial complex development project, which is considered to be the most representative project contributing to balanced regional development, and a plan to apply it to the feasibility study system was prepared and reflected in the related guidelines. To this end, six industrial complex-related candidate indicators were set, and weights were derived by finally selecting four detailed indicators through expert surveys. In addition, a standardized score calculation formula for each indicator was developed to derive the vulnerability evaluation scores for the industrial complexes of 167 local governments. This study lays an important framework for quantitatively reflecting social values through objective data in future feasibility evaluation systems. 본 연구는 「지방재정법」 타당성 조사에서 지금까지 도외시되었던 지역균형발전 가치를 반영하기 위한 방법을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이에 대표적인 지역균형발전 기여 사업으로 간주되는 산업단지 조성사업을 대상으로 취약성 평가 모형을 개발하고, 이를 타당성 조사 체계에 적용하는 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 6개의 산업단지 관련 후보지표를 설정하고 전문가 설문을 통해 최종적으로 4개의 세부지표(상근근로자 비율, 제조업 부문 임금수준, 산업시설용지 분양률, 개별입지 면적 비중)를 선정하여 가중치를 도출하였다. 4개 지표는 상이한 차원이므로 이를 종합지수화하기 위한 표준화가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 범위 표준화 방법을 적용하여 167개 지자체의 산업단지 취약성 평가점수를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법론은 타당성 조사 시 다양한 평가기준(경제적 타당성, 재무적 타당성, 각종 정책적 타당성)들 중 하나로 활용할 수 있다. 산업단지 조성사업의 특성상, 분양이 지연되거나 미분양용지를 할인분양하는 경우 지방자치단체의 재정적 악화로 연결되므로, 사업추진 여부 판단 시에는 재무성 분석, 경제성 분석, 정책적 분석을 통해 위험요인을 면밀히 검토한 후, 지역균형발전의 가치를 고려해야 한다는 점을 유의할 필요가 있다.

엔트로피 코딩 기반의 분산 비디오 코딩을 위한 블록 기반 복잡도 분배

유성은(Sung-Eun Yoo),민경연(Kyung-Yeon Min),심동규(Dong-Gyu Sim) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2011 방송공학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

In this paper, a complexity-balancing algorithm is proposed for distributed video coding based on entropy coding. In order to reduce complexity of DVC-based decoders, the proposed method employs an entropy coder instead of channel coders and the complexity-balancing method is designed to improve RD performance with minimal computational complexity. The proposed method performs motion estimation in the decoder side and transmits the estimated motion vectors to the encoder. The proposed encoder can perform more accurate refinement using the transmitted motion vectors from the decoder. During the motion refinement, the optimal predicted motion vectors are decided by the received motion vector and the predicted motion vectors and complexity load of block is allocated by adjusting the search range based on the difference between the received motion vector and the predicted motion vectors. The computational complexity of the proposed encoder is decreased 11.9% compared to the H.264/AVC encoder and that of the proposed decoder are reduced 99% compared to the conventional DVC decoder.

간척지 자연순환형 친환경축산단지 도입 타당성 연구

허남효(Heo, Nam-Hyo),이승헌(Lee, Seung-Heon),김병기(Kim, Byeong-Ki) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.06

The development of large-scale environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland is one of different alternatives to increase the competitiveness of internal livestock industry against an international opening markets as DDA and FTA in agricultural field. Recently, it is possible to introduce an environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland by an amendment of the acts for agricultural land. However more studies that are on the basis of nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance need to preserve the agricultural environments as the quality of agricultural water and soil in rural area. In this study, the reference for feasibility study is Whaong reclaimed tideland which located at Whaseong city, Gyeonggi Province, and a basic concept of environmental friendly livestock complex is the production of forage crops with the supply of liquid fertilizer and the production of bioenergy such as biogas by the recycling of pig slurry as a resource. The mass balance of nitrogen based on between forage crops such as maize, barley and liquid fertilizer supplied at the reclaimed tideland, and also it was estimated an economical efficiency as anaerobic digestion plant for treating pig slurry of 100m³/day introduce in an environmental friendly livestock complex.

민간기업에 의한 수용

정연주 홍익대학교 2010 홍익법학 Vol.11 No.2

오늘날 많은 공익사업이 민간기업에 의해 시행되고, 이러한 추세는 더욱 확대되고 있다. 여기서 해당 공익사업의 실현을 위해 토지 등 재산권의 수용이 불가피하다면 그 민간기업을 위해서도 재산권수용이 허용될 수 있는지, 허용된다면 어떠한 조건하에서 허용될 수 있는지가 문제된다. 이와 관련하여 최근 헌법재판소는 산업입지 및 개발에 관한 법률 제11조 제1항 등 위헌소원 사건에서 우리 헌법상 수용의 주체를 국가로 한정한바 없으므로 민간기업도 수용의 주체가 될 수 있고, 산업입지의 공급을 통해 산업발전을 촉진하며 국민경제의 발전에 이바지하기 때문에 민간기업에게 사업시행에 필요한 토지수용이 허용된다고 결정했다. 헌재의 견해대로 민간기업의 경우에도 공익사업을 시행할 경우 그 사업시행을 위해 재산권수용이 허용될 수 있다고 하겠다. 그러나 그 경우 민간기업에 의한 공용침해를 통해 실현되는 공익의 구체성과 긴절성이 엄격히 요구되고, 달성되는 공익과 관련하여 비례의 원칙이 준수되어야 하며, 해당 공익의 계속적 실현을 위한 보장책이 마련되어 있어야 하는 등 보다 엄격한 헌법상의 허용조건을 충족해야 한다. 그런데 헌재는 이러한 전제조건의 충족여부에 대한 판단을 그르쳤다. 이 글은 헌재 결정의 문제점을 지적하면서 민간기업에 의한 수용의 헌법상 허용조건을 제시하고 있다. This article addresses the theories regarding whether the expropriation by private corporations can be allowed and what constitutional conditions must, if yes, be required. The Case of the Constitutional Court(2009. 9. 24, 2007Hunba114) triggers this debate. In the Case, the petitioners claimed that the pertinent clause of the Act concerning Location of Industry and Development is unconstitutional which permits the expropriation of the land by private corporations when it is necessary for the development of industry complex. The Court held the pertinent clause of the Act is constitutional because the Article 23 Clause 3 of the Constitution does not confine taker of property rights for public use to the state or public institutions, and because the development of industry complex through the expropriation by private corporations belongs to the public necessity of the Article 23 Clause 3 of the Constitution, and so on. However, the Clause of the Act does not satisfy the constitutional conditions for the permission of the expropriation because the public necessity according to the Act is too vague and unclear, because the Clause does not satisfy the principle of balance of interests, and because the Clause violates the principle of durable realization of public interests in the light of the lack of the guarantees for durable realization of public interests. Therefore, the Case cannot be justified. In the article, the above mentioned conditions concerning the expropriation by private corporations are presented in the aspect of the guarantee of the property rights according to the Article 23 of the Constitution.