The COL5A1 Gene and Aerobic Performance in Korean Swimmers

( Hyun Chul Cho ),( Han Joo Lee ),( Nam Kyu Yoon ),( Dae Sung Roh ),( Chang Ho Shin ),( Sung Yeon Kim ),( Jong Kyu Kim ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: Atheletic performance is known to rely on multifactorial phenotype which is a complex interaction among various environmental and genetic factors(Onywera, Scott, Boit, & Pitsiladis, 2006;Scott et al., 2003). Swimmers, especially, need to generate maximal force at a regular distance, the amount of power they possess determines the aerobic capacity(Webb, 1971). According to recent researches, COL5A1 genotype is relevant to the endurance running performance by energy storage capacity of the connective tissues(Collins & Posthumus, 2011;Posthumus, Schewellnus, & Collins, 2011). Also, Range of motion (ROM) is related to the running economy, and according to the result, endurance running performance is found to be efficient when the Range of motion is reduced.(Craib et al., 1996;Gleim, Stachenfeld, & Nicholas, 1990;Jones, 2002). Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is to identify the correlation between the aerobic capacity and the Range of motion in accordance with the swimmers COL5A1 genotype. Method: The participants in this experiment is comprised of 146 students from elementary school to university. The result of the genotype of the COL5A1 gene analysis is collected by atomatic calling with the use of qRT-PCR (ABI 7900 Ht, USA), and the assessment of the maximal aerobic capacity is carried out by GXT(graded exercise test) using bruce protocol. The flexibility measurement is assessed by the Trunk Forward Flexion Test(SR test) and the shoulder flexibility test which are recommended by the ACSM guide line. Result: The result of this experiment shows that the correlation coefficient of the maximal aerobic capacity and the sit and rich ROM is 0.288 (p=0.009), and when the analysis on partial correlation was implemented with the control over the effect of the age and weight, the correlation is 0.276 (p=0.014) showing that they are statistically significant. With the control over the effect of the weight only, the correlation coefficient of the maximal oxygen uptake and the age is - 0.290 showing that it is inversely correlated(p,0.001), and the correlation coefficient of the sit and rich ROM:0.322(p,0.001), the shoulder flexibility ROM(right=0.194(p=0.019), left=0.224(p=0.007) shows that it is significantly correlated. However, the genotype COL5A1 did not show any average difference compared to the swimmer`s maximal oxygen uptake(p=0.529). Also, there was no average difference between the sit and reach ROM and shoulder flexibility ROM)right, left)(p=0.178,p=0.900,p=0.315). From this experiment, we confirmed that there is a close relevance between the maximal aerobic capacity and the ROM. Moreover, as you age the maximal aerobic capacity reduces significantly, but the ROM increases. However, unlike the previous experiment, there was no correlation between COL5A1 genotype and the aerobic capacity and the flexibility. The result is found out to be attributed by the characteristics of the different sports and genetic difference, and with the evidence of this result, in the follow-up study, we need to investigate the correlation between the swimmers` COL5A1 genotype and the injuries and the swim record followed by the flexibility and the maximal aerobic capacity.

Procedure for Ranking Ground Motion Records Based on the Destructive Capacity Parameter

Jinjun Hu,Qinghui Lai,Shuang Li,Lili Xie 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.1

The relative input energy of a ground motion is used to quantitatively estimate the destructive capacity of ground motion to a structure, which reflects the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of a structure. The destructive capacity of a ground motion on a structure is known to be relevant to the structural period. Because ranking the destructive capacity of ground motion at all periods is not practical, rationally dividing period ranges should be performed before ranking ground motions according to their destructive capacity and a new method to divide period ranges based on the relative input energy is proposed. According to the correlation coefficient of the relative input energy at adjacent structural periods, the structural periods from 0.2 s to 10 s are divided into several representational period ranges, which include a recommended period within each period range to represent the whole range. Only the ground motion ranking sequence at the recommended period is used in this period range. The rationality of the ranking sequence of ground motions based on destructive capacity is verified by a series of structural seismic response analyses. The results of this paper are compared with those of existing methods, and the results show that the relative input energy index is able to better quantitatively describe the destructive capacity of ground motion.

Multi-sector multi-range control for self-organizing wireless networks

Ryoo, J.,Kim, H. Academic Press 2011 JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS - Vol.34 No.6

In this paper, we propose a distributed multi-sector multi-range (MSMR) control algorithm for supporting self-organizing wireless networks. The algorithm enables us to reduce the unnecessary coverage with fine-tuned range control and also to increase the network-wide capacity with enhanced spatial reusability. The proposed algorithm discovers neighboring nodes within the maximum transmission range at every node, divides its transmission area into multiple non-overlapping angular sectors of a given degree, chooses the home sector for each neighboring node according to its relative position, and constructs a spanning subgraph per sector by determining appropriate transmission range to maintain connectivity. Since the range control influences on network connectivity directly, we prove in the first place that the proposed algorithm preserves both network-wide and local connectivity as far as both connectivity exist in the network that uses the maximum transmission range. In order to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we implemented it in the ns-2 simulator, and performed an extensive set of simulation study in comparison with other transmission range control schemes. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme is superior to other schemes with respect to the network-wide throughput and its normalized value per energy in various simulation configurations. In specific, the algorithm achieves minimally one order and maximally two orders of magnitude improvement in those performance evaluations. The improvement becomes more salient as the number of nodes increases and is immune to traffic type, network size, node distribution, or node density.

성인뇌성마비 장애인의 관절가동범위 특성에 의한 분류와 운동능력 및 유산소능력의 관계

유정완 한국체육과학회 2022 한국체육과학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine how the three groups classified as the characteristics of AROM in a previous study relate to motor ability and aerobic capacity. The subjects of this study were 101 ambulatory adult cerebral palsy (63 males, 38 females; 30 GMFCS level I, level II 63, and level III 8) who took part in a preliminary study (You et al., 2015) that measured systemic AROM and classified them into three groups as wide characteristics. For the upper extremity measurement of the 10 motor ability. As a result, the three groups classified were found to be closely related to motor ability. Group 1 had the highest athletic ability, and Group 2 had higher motor ability than Group 3. In particular, the difference in the group in shoulder muscle strength is remarkable (p<.001) that it is considered an important part for the motor ability characteristics of people with cerebral palsy. In addition, Group1 had the highest aerobic capacity, Group2 had higher aerobic capacity than Group3, and in particular, the significant difference between Group1 and Group3 was remarkable (p<.001) GMFCS level was found to be independent of the motor ability mainly using the upper extremity and related to the motor ability mainly using the lower extremity. However, it was found that there was no relationship with aerobic capacity in the range I to III of the GMFCS level. In conclusion, it is thought that the group classified as a characteristic of AROM in a prior study (You et al., 2015) showed its validity as a classification of motor and aerobic capacity in people with cerebral palsy.

성인 뇌성마비의 관절가동범위에 따른 분류와 운동능력 및 유산소능력과의 관계

유정완,김희재 한국체육교육학회 2024 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to provide preliminary data for developing new methods for the classification of cerebral palsy by measuring motor ability and Aerobic Capacity in three groups classified into eight significant factors through the measurement and analysis of AROM in the whole body of adults with cerebral palsy in the previous research (You et al. 2015) and by identifying the relationship between those three groups. Methods: Targeting three groups (55 people in Group 1, 33 people in Group 2, and 13 people in Group 3) classified by the characteristics of AROM in the whole body of 101 adults with cerebral palsy in the previous research, it measured a total of 10 items for motor abilities, including ①Grip Strength, ②Shoulder Strength, ③Sit-Ups, ④Sit and Reach, and ⑤ Softball Throwing ⑥50m Run, ⑦Side Step, ⑧Single-Leg Standing with Eyes Open, ⑨Long Jump in Place, and ⑩10m Shuttle Run. Furthermore, it also measured Oxygen Uptake (VO2), Ventilation (VE), Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), and Heart Rate (HR) as Aerobic Capacity. Results: There were significant differences between the groups in Grip Strength, Shoulder Strength, Sit-Ups, Sit and Reach, Side Step, Long Jump in Place, and 10m Shuttle Run among test measurement items for motor abilities (p<0.05). At the GMFCS level, there were significant differences in terms of 9 motor ability test items excluding Sit and Reach (p<0.05). In the case of Aerobic Capacity, there were significant differences in VO2peak and VEpeak between groups(p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in all items of respiratory response and HR following maximal exercise in Aerobic Capacity between GMFCS levels. Conclusions: It became clear that three groups classified by eight factors through the measurement and analysis of AROM in the whole body of adults with cerebral palsy in the previous research were classified by motor ability and Aerobic Capacity of patients with cerebral palsy, and it was found to be more effective than GMFCS.

회사의 기부행위

朴贊雨 한국기업법학회 2004 企業法硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The capacity of enjoyment of rights of a business corporation is not restricted by its purposes prescribed in the articles of incorporation and any purported activity in excess will be valid through the following reasons; a) The business corporation is entirely different from the nonprofit-making juristic person regulated by the Korean Civil Code, also article 34 of the Korean Civil Code will not apply to the business corporation. b) The protection of the profit of the third party should have priority to that of investors or creditors of the business corporation. c) Today the "ultra vires" doctrine seems to have outlived thanks to business practices and legislations even in the U.K. and the U.S. Only internally it has the importance of regulating the responsibility of representative organizations. Donation of a business corporation is limited within the reasonable range. And the political donation of a business corporation could be prohibited by the law. Moreover, I think corporate donations including donation to public welfare should be limited by the articles of incorporation and should be executed through the decision of the board of directors.

이동식부탄연소기의 조리기구재질에 따른 온도 특성

김대현 ( Dae Hyun Kim ),이근오 ( Keun Oh Lee ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2014 한국안전학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Accidents involving portable ranges occurred total 133 cases for the last five years(2008~2012). It accounted for18.0% of all gas accidents(739 cases). Major causes of accidents are using of excessive hot grill, leaving a butane can near fire and overheating of a butane can during cooking. In this study, it is a desire to investigate the relationship between thermal behavior me chanism depending on characteristics of cooking equipment materials of portable gas ranges. It shows that slope of temperature change curve correlates with difference of heat capacity on thermal behavior characteristics experiment depending on materials of cooking equipment. In conclusion, temperature characteristics appear differently depending on variables such as materials of cooking equipment. Especially, it is necessary to restrict using cooking equipment made of stones, because it is very dangerous that temperature of can is rapidly increasing caused by high heat capacity of stone

야간 냉각율을 이용한 우포늪의 기온변화 완화효과 평가

박명희 ( Myung Hee Park ),김해동 ( Hae Dong Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

In this study, we investigated the effects of Upo-swamp upon local thermal environment with nighttime cooling rate. To do this, we set up the AWS(Automatic Weather observation System) over the central part of Upo-swamp on the early October 2007. We conducted the study by comparing the AWS data with another weather data observed by several meteorological observations of the Korea Meteorological Administration located at the vicinity of Upo-swamp for one year. The air temperature of Upo-swamp was higher than that of the surrounding in cold-climate season. But it was opposite in warm-climate season. We confirmed that Upo-swamp roles to mitigate the daily and annual air temperature ranges. And the daily air temperature variation of Upo-swamp lagged behind the land one. This phenomenon represent that the heat reservoir capacity of Upo-swamp is much larger than that of the ground.

Review of the Capacity Control Capability of Commercial Air Conditioner Units with Variable Speed Compressor

Giorgos P. Kouropoulos 대한설비공학회 2016 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.24 No.3

The scope of the specific study is the extraction of mathematical relations which correlate the nominal capacity with capacity range of an inverter air conditioner unit with variable speed compressor under standard conditions, that is, measurements of minimum and maximum power of air conditioner under specific indoor and outdoor temperatures. Initially, the necessary statistical information for nominal minimum and maximum capacity will be collected from a sampleof 544 different inverter air conditioner models. Furthermore, the regression analysis and the change curves of capacity range with regard to the nominal capacity for cooling and heating operation will be drawn. Also the change of turndown ratio with regard to the nominal capacity and capacity range of air conditioners will be studied. The conclusion that arises is that the maximum capacity and capacity range are varied linearly for cooling and heating operation. There is no clear indication for turndown ratio due to low correlation coefficient of the mathematical model.

E-REV 버스의 전기 주행 가능 거리를 고려한 배터리 용량 선정 연구

최종대(Jongdae Choi),이대흥(Daeheung Lee),정종렬(Jongryeol Jeong),박영일(Yeongil Park),차석원(Suk Won Cha) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

Nowadays, there are many researches about Electric Vehicle (EV) because of high oil prices and exhaust gas. However EV has limited mileage yet. To improve this problem, researches for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles (E-REV) which have a light internal engine to generate additional electric are progressing considerably. In this study, battery sizing process for E-REV Bus is discussed based on the required All Electric Range (AER). Once target performances like AER are decided, battery capacity is calculated using simple equation and backward simulation. To verify backward simulator’s reliability, it is compared with AUTONOMIE results. State of Charge (SOC) of battery pack is limited from 90% to 20% of the total battery capacity and simulations are conducted under several driving cycles. Considering the AER, the battery capacity and electric economy for regenerative ratio are obtained .