석면함유 공공 건축물의 위해성 평가 및 면적 분포 특성

송수진 ( Su-jin Song ),장봉기 ( Bong-ki Jang ),조봉현 ( Bong-hyun Jo ),김영지 ( Yeong-ji Kim ),허은협,이종대 ( Joung-dae Lee ),손부순 ( Bu-soon Son ),이종화 ( Jong-wha Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Objectives: This study, aims to examine the distribution characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials; risk assessment and area of distribution of asbestos-containing building materials depending on year of construction; building materials; types of building materials; and usage in public buildings in order to create fundamental data for safe management of public buildings. Methods: The asbestos investigation was conducted by an asbestos research institution from March to May 2014, targeting 41 public buildings which were subject to asbestos investigation in South Chungcheong-do Province. With respect to 381 presumed asbestos-containing materials, an investigation was conducted into whether they contained asbestos, asbestos type, content, year of construction, and use in the building were examined, and a risk assessment was performed. Results: Asbestos-containing building materials were used in 35 buildings(85.4%). Among them, 31(88.6%) were public buildings. Asbestos was detected in 73% of 381 suspected asbestos-containing materials, which were mostly ceiling materials (85.2%). The older the buildings, the more they showed a tendency to have a significantly higher risk assessment score. The ratio of average area with asbestos-containing building materials to total floor area was 57.6%, 44.1%, and 17.8% for buildings built in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively. This showed a tendency to be significantly higher with the age of the building. Conclusions: From the results above, it can be concluded that with the age of the buildings, the risk assessment score and the ratio of average area with asbestos-containing building materials to total floor area became significantly higher. Given the concern about the exposure to asbestos of residents and civil petitioners, safety management of older public buildings and measures for dismantling and removal of asbestos-containing building materials should therefore be urgently established.

제로에너지빌딩의 기술 패키지 구성을 위한 기초 연구

조수(Cho, Soo),성욱주(Sung, Uk-Joo),임민엽(Rim, Min-Yeop),김석현(Kim, Seok-Hyun) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2018 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.3

The KOREA government take a read the various policy and system for reducing greenhouse gases and activating economic advantage through saving the energy consumption in buildings. So the zero energy building was proposed by many country and researcher. The zero energy building is mean that the loss energy in the building envelope minimized by thermal insulation of high efficiency and 4 track window. And this has minimized to energy consumption through renewable energy by photovoltaic and geothermal. For the realization of the zero energy building, many technology was applied and developed. But the systematic library of the material and equipment for construction of zero energy building was not builded. Also the simulation tool is not easy to predicted energy performance by these DB. So the DB is need to be a suitable library for energy analysis tool at the building energy performance. The library contained the DB of building material and equipment. This DB must be contained systematic and realistic information of building material and equipment. The building material and equipment through DB should be easy to combination of each material and to choice of user. Also this must be contained reliability of performance. This study was proposed the passive tech package proposal and active tech package proposal for construction of tech package in zero energy building. The passive tech package was constructed by material-module-package about considering the input of analysis tool. The active tech package was constructed by equipmentmodule-package about considering the equipment choice after load calculation. Also that was considered the input of analysis tool. By this study, the authors choose the input value of the passive tech package and active tech package. And the passive tech package DB was builded the wall material, glazing and frame of window, the door material and accessories and the solar control device material and motor. Active tech package DB was builded each equipment from the heat source, the cool source, pump, AHU, fan, lighting, renewable heat source and renewable power.

미국 내 LEED 그린빌딩의 지속가능한 업무공간 사례 연구

하숙녕(Ha, Sook-Nyung),한영호(Han, Young-Ho) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.2

(Background)In modern industrial society, the design industry failed to observe the law of nature, destructing it. Regardless its intention, the design industry destructed the environment so that it can"t maintain the future life because of waste and disaster. For the purpose, it is important to adopt the technology to reuse the waste resource generated by building or minimize the damage to environment for the resource that can"t be recycled. (Methods)On the assumption that the material and resource can be an alternative plan for the design that can make environment be sustained, the study analyzed materials and resources out of superior office space of USA, which were selected by LEED Green Building Rating System. (Results)The analysis result revealed that all cases reused main structural part of existing building and indoor and various materials were reused or recycled. Especially, the materials without or with low amount of VOCs and formaldehyde were used. In order to reduce construction waste, the finish of existing building was exposed as it was, 50% of reused materials were used or disassemblable materials were used. When regional materials are used, there is an advantage to reduce transportation cost and recycle the materials rapidly. Lastly, the environment-friendly certified by FSC was used in all cases. (Conclusion)After all, the material is one of the space design strategies sensitive to environment so it is important to select good material. Harmless, environment-friendly materials applied to sustainable office space contribute to the creation of healthy environment. In addition, the use of recycled materials and reused materials to minimize waste is also essential factor for creating sustainable space.

AHP기법을 이용한 상업건물 이미지에 따른 외벽유형과 외장재료 선택에 관한 연구

정지석,류임우,이영욱 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.11

Generally, the building form, the curtain-wall type, and the exterior material are influence on the building images. Especially, the commercial building is decided the value by the building images. So, if the image about the curtain-wall type and the exterior material are evaluated objectively, designer should be realize the suitable image, reduce the unnecessary remodeling, and prepare the easy plan about improvement and change of images.The purpose of this study is provided the foundation of image-evaluation in commercial buildings as one of the study methods. This study used the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) to understand the degree of feel about the image of commercial building. And the progress is as follows : At first, curtain-wall and exterior material of the commercial buildings were created by the previous study. Secondary, the image that suitable in commercial building and the material that suitable in building image were selected. Thirdly, the image and the material were graded and making simulation. Finally, the survey was accomplished by the simulation data and analyzed by the SPSS & Expert Choice(AHP program). The results of this study were as follows :The first, the degree of feel about the image of commercial building is able to quantify by using the AHP . The second, the image words that commercial building are 'polished - favorite - prominent' in turns. The third, the commercial buildings are represented by the mullion type of curtain-wall types and the metal of the exterior material. Finally, these results can give a method to quantify images of buildings, replace curtain-wall and exterior material for improvement building-images and remodeling buildings. In future, architectural designers can design buildings by this process.

성남시 건축물 미술작품의 재료분류체계에 따른 시대별 재료변화 특성 분석

양태근 ( Tae Geun Yang ),김성실 ( Sung Shi Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2014 기초조형학연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 신도시가 형성되어 시계열분석에 의미가 있는 성남시를 바탕으로, 시대별 건축물미술작품의 재료변화 현상을 진단하기 위한 탐색적 연구이다. 우선, 성남시 건축물미술작품 분류체계를 정립하고, 이를 바탕으로 건축물미술작품 DB의 데이터를 실증 분석하였으며, 마지막으로 사례연구를 통하여 실증결과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 성남시 건축물미술작품의 분류체계는 크게 유기물, 무기물, 기타의 세 가지로 구분되었으며, 이에 따라 11가지 중분류 및 51가지 소분류로 구분되었다. 재료분류에 따라 1998년~2012년 동안(15년간) 성남시 건축물미술작품 총 179점을 대상으로 재료 사용현황을 실증 분석한 결과, 2005년을 기준으로 과거에는 브론즈와 화강석 등의 단일재료 사용이 많았고, 현재는 스테인리스 스틸의 사용비율이 눈에 띄게 증가하였으며, 혼합재료의 사용이 늘어난 현상을 확인하였다. 이러한 재료사용의 변화를 검증하기 위하여 성남시에 건축물미술작품 설치경험이 있는 중견작가 8명의 작품변화 양상을 사례로 제시하였으며, 변화요인 도출을 위하여 개방형 설문을 병행하였다. 설문 결과, 재료변화 요인은 첫째, 형태 표현의 적합성 둘째, 내구성 셋째, 현대건축물과의 조화 넷째, 주차장 상부설치로 인한 하중 고려 다섯째, 3D프로그램에 의존한 작품구상으로 나타났다. 재료사용 비율이 한 가지 재료(스테인리스 스틸)에 집중되는 현상은 복합적 요인에 의해 자연스럽게 흘러왔으며 재료의 특성에 집중해 보았을 때 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 전체 도시 이미지를 획일화 시키며 작가 고유의 예술성을 잃게 한다는 심각한 부작용을 야기하고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 해결방안으로 전문지식을 보유한 심의위원 구성을 통한 순수작품 선정 비율의 확대와 미술작품 설치 금액의 중 작품제작비 비율 보장 및 투명한 진행을 위한 감시시스템 마련 등의 제도적 보완이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. This is an exploratory study to examine the phenomenon of time-oriented material changes of building art works, focusing on Seongnam City of which a time-series analysis is meaningful, due to its development of a new town. For this, a classification system of building art works in Seongnam City was worked out first of all. And then based on it, data from a building art work DB were empirically analyzed. Finally, study findings were verified through a case study. Study findings are as follows: A classification system of building art works in Seongnam City was divided into such three kinds of materials as organic one, inorganic one and others in general. And these materials were sub-divided into 11 kinds of materials with a medium classification system and 51 kinds of materials with a detailed classification system. According to the above classification of materials, 179 building art works in Seongnam City, over the period of 15 years from 1998 to 2012, were empirically analyzed, focusing on its actual use of materials. Results showed that before 2005, only a kind of material, such as bronze or granite, was frequently used, whereas from 2005 to the present, the use rate of stainless steel increased remarkably and the mixture of materials was frequently used as well. In order to verify these changes of material use, the changing modality of art works of eight middle-grade artists, who had the experience of installing building art works in Seongnam City, was presented as cases. In order to find out the cause of changes, an open questionnaire survey was carried out simultaneously. The results of questionnaire survey presented following causes of material changes: (1) the suitability of expression of shapes; (2) durability; (3) the harmony with modern buildings; (4) in consideration of weight of parking lot installed on the upper part of a building; and (5) the 3D program-based conception of works. The phenomenon of using only a kind of material (stainless steel) has been naturally taken place with complex factors and had many advantages from the aspect of material characteristics. However, this phenomenon has made the whole image of city uniformed and artists lose their artistry, thus causing severe side effects. In order to settle down these problems, it seems to be necessary to work out such systematic supplementary measures as increasing the selection rate of fine art works via appointing experts as deliberating council members, guaranteeing the proportion of production cost of works in the installation cost of works, and establishing a monitoring system to carry out the installation of building art works transparently.

가속노화 시험에 따른 건축용 단열재의 단열성능 및 경시변화 특성 비교 분석

김진희(Kim, Jin-Hee),김상명(Kim, Sang-Myung),김준태(Kim, Jun-Tae) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2020 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.6

The insulation performance of the building is one of the most fundamental factors to reduce the energy use in building. The building’s heating and cooling load account for the largest portion of the building energy consumption. And the insulation of building envelope is the main factor that directly affects the cooling and heating loads. For this reason, the thermal performance of the building insulation materials is very important for saving building energy. However, the building insulation materials have a problem in which the thermal performance has been deteriorated over time. Assuming that the lifetime of the building is about 50 years or more, the long-term performance of the insulation materials applied to the building is a very important factor affecting building energy consumption. In addition, the insulation material of building is generally located in the middle of the building envelope layers, which makes it very difficult to replace and retrofit when thermal insulation performance decreased. For these reasons, various standards have been proposed to test and evaluate the long-term performance of building insulation materials. In this study, the long-term performance of building insulation materials was tested and analyzed based on the standard of the accelerated aging test. The building insulation materials used in experiment were 5 types such as EPS, XPS, PF board, PIR-1 and PIR-2. The accelerated aging tests were conducted based on KS M ISO 11561 and BS EN 13166 standards. The results of the accelerated aging test for the materials were presented and the thermal conductivity of insulation materials were also compared.

국내 건축자재에 대한 라돈 방출량 평가 연구

최승찬,김도현,김선홍,김민준,강경민,차동욱,복은정,조승연 한국실내환경학회 2014 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Radon is an inert gas, and a naturally occurring radioactive material. Radon is produced by radium and uranium. Generated radon causes lung cancer through the inhalation. Therefore, If uranium contaminated soil is close to indoor spaces, residents may be exposed to this radioactive material(Radon). Generally, radon affects the first to third floors of buildings. But our research team has often detected high radon concentration in the indoor air of high-rise apartments. The reason for this is that building materials containing uranium and radium are brought into apartments. This study was conducted an investigation into the radon emission rate of building materials being used in South Korea. Also, our team conducted an investigation into the radon emission rate of gypsum tiles and concrete found in an apartment(17th floor apartment indoor radon concentration 5.03 pCi/L, Rad- 7(DURRIDGECo.USA)). Finally, we investigated the radon emission rate of bricks containing the soil near a uranium mine. The average radon emission rates of general building materials are as followings: (gypsum board : 0.20 · h-1/kg, gravel : 0.05, gypsum tile : 0.02, indoor tile : 0.08, general brick : 0.02, red clay tile : 0.02, concrete : 0.11, uranium mine soil : 4.81). The results regarding the radon emission rate from a 17th floor apartment’s building materials are as followings: (gypsum board : 0.70, concrete : N/A). The results regarding the radon emission rate from bricks containing soil near a uranium mine was 0.19. This experiment indicates that gypsum boards show the highest radon emission rate among general building materials. In particular, the radon emission rate from the gypsum boards in a 17th floor apartment was 3.5 times higher than general gypsum boards. Overall the results suggest that building materials that possess high levels of uranium emit more radon gas than any other materials. South Korea has not established legal regulations on radon emission from building materials. However, the results of this study strongly suggest that it is of the utmost importance to manage the radon emission rate of building materials and control their usage before construction.

건축자재 내의 수분이 곰팡이 성장에 미치는 영향

서장후(Janghoo Seo) 대한설비공학회 2012 설비공학 논문집 Vol.24 No.12

Recently, the indoor air pollution by microbes such as fungi and mites have become a concern as important research topic on indoor air quality. Fungal growth is significantly affected by humidity. In this study, we examined the influence of relative humidity on the surface of building materials and the water content of building materials on the fungal growth rate by measuring the mycelium length of fungi in the fungal detector placed on the surface of building materials. As a result, even if the relative humidity on the surface of building materials is identical, the more water content of building materials is, the more fungi grow faster. It was suggested that fungal growth rate depends on not only the relative humidity on the surface of building materials but also the water content of building materials.

친환경 건축 자재에서의 온도 변화에 따른 곰팡이 발아 및 성장에 관한 실험 연구

윤영란(Yoon Young-Ran),문현준(Moon Hyeun-Jun),박진우(Park Jin-Woo) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

Recently, new building materials have been developed to response Sick Building Syndrome(SBS). These new materials are recognized as environment-friendly building materials, since they are able to reduce emission of harmful chemical gases, such as Volatile Organic Compounds and Formaldehyde by using natural/organic materials. However, the risk of mold growth on these materials may increases due to nutrients in the new materials. In order to understand mold phenomenon correctly, the relationship between mold germination (or mold growth rate) and components of building materials should be established. This study shows the relationships among temperature, mold germination, and growth on wall papers and building materials. The experimental study reveals that environmental-friendly building materials can facilitate mold germination and growth.

건축물에 사용된 석면함유물질(ACMs)의 조사 및 위해성 평가

김홍관 ( Hong-kwan Kim ),천영우 ( Young Woo Chon ),노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),홍승한 ( Seung-han Hong ),김치년 ( Chi-nyon Kim ),이익모 ( Ik-mo Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to research the usage characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials and to conduct exposure risk assessment by applying no. 2016-230 “Methods of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” from the Ministry of Environment. Methods: One hundred buildings located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon area were chosen, with 29 in Seoul, 20 in Incheon, and 51 in Gyeonggi-do Province. The year of construction was divided between three buildings in the 1970s, 11 buildings in the 1980s, 42 buildings in the 1990s, and 44 buildings in the 2000s. The bulk samples were analyzed by using a polarizing microscope after a pre-process using a stereomicroscope in a hood with an HEPA filter. This study defined ACMs (asbestos-containing materials) as asbestos when the content percentage was over 1% in the analysis result. Methods and standards of risk assessment of asbestos-containing building materials were conducted by refering to no. 2016-230 “Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” from the Ministry of Environment. The risk of exposure to ACMs was rated by a score based on three categories (high, middle, low risk of asbestos exposure). Results: In this study, 30 of the 100 buildings and 36 of the 416 bulk samples (8.6%) were found to have had asbestos. Asbestos was detected at a high rate, in 18 out of 42, in buildings constructed in the 1990s and at the lowest rate (7 out of 44) for buildings constructed in the 2000s. As a result of the evaluation according to no. 2016-230 “Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” of the Ministry of Environment, the risk assessment level of two asbestos-containing building materials was found to be “Medium”, and 28 buildings materials were found to be at the “Low” level. Conclusion: As asbestos is regulated by the government, it is required to conduct active management and implemention by introducing methods of risk assessment of asbestos exposure that are supported by data from various situations. In the case of buildings owned by individuals, building owners should be aware of the risk of exposure to asbestos.