Bisphenol-A와 nonylphenol이 zebrafish 배 발생에 미치는 영향

여민경 한국환경보건학회 2003 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.29 No.5

The effects of bisphenol A and nonylphenol on the embryogenesis and the hatching rate of zebrafish embryo were investigated. Also, the changes of the catalase activities for 1 week, 2 week, and 4 week post hatching fries exposed to bisphenol A(10 g/l) and nonylphenol(10 g/l) during embryogenesis were investigated. Development stage was rapid in the group exposed to bisphenol A of 10 g/l at 10.75 hpf(hour post fertilized) than the groups exposed during early embryogenesis period. Specially, hatching rate was increased in the group exposed to bisphenol A at 6.75 hpf, 8.75 hpf, 10.75 hpf, and 12.75 hpf. The effects of nonylphenol on development stage were studied. The process of development in the group exposed to nonylphenol(10 g/l) at 8.75 hpf was rapid than the groups exposed during early embryogenesis period. But the last period of development was observed first in the group exposed to nonylphenol of 10 g/l at 4.75 hpf. Hatching rate was increased in the group exposed to nonylphenol than control, but lower for 8.75 hpf compared with the other groups. Catalase activities for zebrafish fries exposed to bisphenol A of 10 g/l during 1 week post-hatching were significantly lower, compared to the control. Somewhat, for zebrafish fries exposed to bisphenol A during 4 week post-hatching, catalase activities were significantly increased. Catalase activities for 2 week, 4 week post hatching zebrafish fries exposed to nonylphenol(10 g/l) during embryogenesis were significantly increased, compared to the control. In conclusion, the damages of an endocrine disrupter were highest in the group exposed at the earliest development stage. And the damage have on effect on embryogenesis and growth period.

갱생 옥내급수관 수돗물에서 비스페놀-A 분포 및 위해성 평가

정관조(Gwanjo Jeong),손보영(Boyoung Son),이인자(Inja Lee),안치화(Chihwa Ahn),김준일(Junil Kim),문보람(Boram Moon),이수원(Suwon Lee),안재찬(Jaechan Ahn),김복순(Bogsoon Kim),정득모(Deukmo Chung) 대한환경공학회 2016 대한환경공학회지 Vol.38 No.7

본 연구에서는 에폭시 수지 갱생 옥내급수관 수돗물에 대해 비스페놀-A 실태조사를 실시하였고, 비스페놀-A가 수돗물 음용에 있어 인체에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 위해성 평가를 실시하였다. 원수 중 비스페놀-A는 50~118 ng/L로 채취된 모든 시료에서 정량한계 10 ng/L 이상으로 검출되었다. 이것은 주변지역의 하수 방류수나 지천에 의한 비스페놀-A 유입에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 정수에서의 비스페놀-A는 불검출되었으며, 고도정수처리 공정에서 모두 제거된 것으로 추정되었다. 응집-침전과정과 오존 및 염소에 의해 산화되어 제거되거나 다른 산화 부산물질로 변화한 것으로 판단된다. 옥내급수관 수돗물의 경우, 에폭시 갱생공사를 실시하지 않은 수돗물 모두에서 비스페놀-A는 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 에폭시 갱생공사를 실시한 옥내급수관 수돗물에서 비스페놀-A가 불검출에서 최대 521 ng/L로 범위로 검출되었으며, 채취된 시료의 68%가 정량한계 이상으로 검출되었다. 검출된 비스페놀-A의 최대값(521 ng/L)에 대한 위해도 지수 산정 결과, 위해도 지수(HQ)는 약 0.004로 수돗물 섭취에 의한 위해판단 기준값 0.1 이하로 나타나 음용에 안전한 것을 확인하였다. In this study, the survey of bisphenol-A in indoor water service pipes rehabilitated with epoxy resin was conducted and the risk assessment was done to investigate the effect on the human health to drink tap water. Bisphenol-A in raw water was detected in a range of 50~118 ng/L in all samples, where the limit of quantification was 10 ng/L. This is caused by inflow of the sewage effluent or the tributaries of the surrounding area containing bisphenol-A. Bisphenol-A was not detected in finished water after the advanced water treatment process. It was achieved by its removal from the processes of flocculation-precipitation and oxidation of ozone and chlorine and by being changed to other by-product materials. For the indoor water service pipe, bisphenol-A was not detected in all cases which was not coated with epoxy resin. However, when epoxy resin is lined within the indoor water service pipe, bisphenol-A was identified at maximum level of 521 ng/L and was detected above the limit of quantitation at 68 percentages of all samples. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) at the maximum level (521 ng/L) of the detected bisphenol-A is 0.004, which is less than the reference value of 0.1 for the tap water intake. Therefore, it is considered that the detected levels of bisphenol-A in this study would be safe to drink tap water.

Alterations of Kiss 1 receptor, GnRH receptor and nuclear receptors of the hypothalamopituitary-ovarian axis following low dose bisphenol-A exposure in Wistar rats

Eniola Risikat Kadir,Aminu Imam,Olayemi Joseph Olajide,Moyosore Saliu Ajao 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.2

Bisphenol A is a chemical used primarily as a monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. It is a synthetic chemical compound that is produced in billions of pounds annually, and tagged as an endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol A is a high production synthetic chemical compound that is used in the production of many consumables and equipments of daily consumption and use by man. Growing interest in possible health threats posed by endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol-A inclusive), as these substances are in our environment, food, and many consumer products. Therefore, this study aims to determine bisphenol-A effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis, and role of melatonin in this regard. Forty-two Wistar rats were bred, grouped into 7, with each group consisting of 6 rats. Experimental groups were administered low and high doses of bisphenol-A and melatonin, starting from day 19, and was continued for 7 weeks orally. They were left to develop into full adults and were sacrificed on day 120±4 days. Blood samples, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovarian tissues were excised for biochemical and tissue antioxidants assays as well as genetic studies. Results show elevated gonadotropin and androgen levels. There was disruption of reactive oxygen species in the ovarian tissues, as well as alterations in the expression of genes that regulate reproduction at the hypothalamus and pituitary levels. Conclusion of early exposure to bisphenol-A is associated with prolonged duration of disruption of reproductive functions in female Wistar rats, which persist long after cessation of the exposure. Melatonin antioxidant effects give some promising outturns against bisphenol-A induced toxicities.

비스페놀류의 사용 현황과 위해성: 소고

송창엽,김웅,계명찬 한국환경생물학회 2017 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Bisphenol A (BPA), known as a typical endocrine disruptor, has been used commercially and widely for plastics and epoxy resins. BPA-based plastic is used extensively for the production of water bottles, food containers, CDs, DVDs, and panels that can be applied in construction. Epoxy resins containing BPA are used for coatings on the insides of water pipes, food cans, and thermal papers that are used in sales receipts. As its estrogenic effects and other adverse health effects have published, BPA has been regulated in many countries, and there have been efforts made to replace BPA. Other bisphenols substitutes such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) have been used. Currently, BPS- and BPF-based products labeled BPA-free products have been widely consumed. Because of structural similarities with BPA, however, these alternatives also show endocrine disruption effects like BPA, and many studies on adverse health effects of these alternatives are being reported. In this review, we describe the adverse health effects of bisphenols and the current status of regulation. 비스페놀 A는 플라스틱과 에폭시 레진에 사용되는 대표 적인 내분비계 교란물질이다. BPA가 함유된 플라스틱은 물 병, 식품용기, CD, DVD, 그리고 건설현장에서 사용되는 건 축자재 등에 사용되고 있으며, BPA가 함유된 에폭시 레진은 상수도관 내의 코팅제, 식품용 캔 그리고 영수증용 감열지 등에 사용되고 있다. BPA의 에스트로젠 유사효과와 다른 유 해 영향이 많이 보고되고 있기 때문에 이미 많은 나라에서 BPA가 규제되고 있으며, BPA의 대체재를 만들기 위해 노력 중에 있다. 비스페놀 S와 비스페놀 F가 BPA의 대체재로 사 용되고 있으며, 최근에 BPS와 BPF가 함유된 제품들이 광범 위하게 소비되고 있다. 하지만, BPA와 비슷한 화학구조 때 문에 이 대체재들 또한 BPA처럼 내분비계의 교란을 일으키 며 이 대체재들의 유해 영향도 이미 많은 연구들을 통해 보 고되고 있는 실정이다. 본 소고에서 비스페놀류의 유해 영향 과 규제 현황을 기술하고자 한다.

흡착특성이 다른 내분비계 장애물질 3종, Amitrol, Nonylphenol, Bisphenol-A의 GACs에서의 흡착 특성

최근주,김상구,권기원,지용대,김승현,김창원 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Adsorption characteristics of three endocrine disruptors, amitrol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol-A, were evaluated depending on the type and service duration of activated carbon (AC). Bituminous coal-, wood-, and coconut-based coals were tested. Bituminous coal-based AC (BCAC) had the greatest sorption capacity for the three chemicals tested, followed by wood-based AC (WAC) for nonylphenol and coconut palm-based AC (CAC) for bisphenol-A. During the column test, amitrol removal efficiency increased over time, indicating that hydrophilic endocrine disruptors are biodegraded in the AC column. Removal efficiencies of hydrophobic compounds such as nonylphenol and bisphenol-A decreased over time since the main removal mechanism was adsorption. The order of the amitrol removal was: BCAC-5.9 yr , CAC-3.1 yr > BCAC-2.2 yr > BCAC-virgin > CAC-virgin > WAC-virgin > WAC-3.1 yr. In general, used AC had greater removals than virgin AC. The order of the bisphenol-A removal was: CAC-virgin > BCAC-2.2 yr > CAC-3.1 yr > WAC-virgin > BCAC-5.9 yr > WAC-3.1 yr. The order of the nonylphenol removal was: BCAC-virgin > WAC-virgin > CAC-3.1 yr ,WAC-3.lyr> BCAC-2.2 yr > BCAC-5.9 yr > CAC-3.1 yr. Bituminous coal AC performed the best over time. Endocrine disruptors such as these three compounds appear to be removed effectively by activated carbon through biodegradation and adsorption. Wood and coal based among the virgin ACs and 3.1 years used wood base among the used ACs appeared the lowest carbon usage rate(CUR) for nonylphenol removal by prediction model. Virgin and used coconut base ACs except BCAC had the lowest CUR for removal Bisphenol-A. Biodegradation of nonylphenol and Bisphenol-A did not occurred during the 9,800 bed volume experiment period. BCAC had the highest biodegradation capacity of 46% for amitrol among virgin ACs and the used coal based ACs had 33-44% higher biodegradation capacity than virgin's for amitrol so biodegradation is the effective removal technology for hydrophilic material such as amitrol.

내분비계장애물질의 정수처리 제거 기술

최근주 ( Keun Joo Choi ),김상구 ( Sang Goo Kim ),노재순 ( Jae Soon Roh ),손희종 ( Hee Jong Son ),권기원 ( Ki Won Kwon ),신판세 ( Pan Se Shin ) 한국수처리학회 2004 한국수처리학회지 Vol.12 No.3

N/A We have studied removal efficiency of three endocrine disruptors (Amitrol, Nonylphenol, Bisphenol-A) by oxidation, coagulation and adsorption processes by activated carbon (including the used carbons). Ozonation and chlorination can oxidate nonylphenol, bisphenol-A and the more dose of powder activated carbon(PAC) the more removal efficiency. Coal Based carbon had more adsorption capacity of amitrol, nonylphenol and bisphenol-A than other two carbons on isotherm test, next was wood based carbon for nonylphenol, and coconut based carbon for bisphenol-A. Used coal and coconut based carbon had higher removal efficiency for amitrol than virgin carbon with service time. Three virgin carbons had 0-20% adsorption efficiency and the used carbons had 79-90% biodegradibility for amitrol. It was showing that hydrophilic material can be removed by biodegradation. The hydrophobic materials like as nonylphenol and bisphenol-A were effectively adsorbed onto all carbons tested in this study. The adsorption capacity reduced with the operation year, and the extent of the reduction was different depending upon the carbon type and the operation year. The adsorption parameters for nonylphenol and bisphenol-A provided by this study could be valuable when GAC adsorption was considered to handle an accidental spill of nonylphenol and bisphenol-A.

Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and estrogens in hair samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Lee, Chaelin,Kim, Chong Hyeak,Kim, Sunghwan,Cho, Sung-Hee Elsevier 2017 Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technolog Vol.1058 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter, is widely used to make chemicals for polycarbonate, plastics, beverage containers, epoxy resins, and cash register receipts. BPA is one of the known xenoestrogens, which have weak estrogenic activity and cause obesity, diabetes, breast cancer, and reproductive disorders. Even though the concentration level of metabolomes in hair is usually lower than that in urine and blood, there are several reasons why we chose to use hair samples. First, the sampling procedure of hairs is simple. Second, it is also easy to preserve the sample for long term and track the drug-exposure record of a given sample. Third, deformation and contamination of samples rarely occur. In this study, an improved analytical method to determine the levels of BPA and estrogens in hair samples was developed by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Hair samples were extracted by an Oasis HLB extraction cartridge after incubation with 1N HCl and derivatized with dansyl chloride to increase sensitivity. BPA and estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol) were separated using Shiseido CAPCELL PAK C<SUB>18</SUB> column (2.0×100mm, 3μm) and a mobile phase consisting of 10mM ammonium acetate in water and acetonitrile with a gradient program at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min and were monitored with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI–MS/MS). The linearity of this method was over 0.995. The limits of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 were 0.25–6.0ng/g. The alteration of estrogens levels induced by BPA may play important role to understanding probable endocrine disruptive exposure, and the described methods could be used to evaluate and monitor exposure of endocrine disruptor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effective sampling method of bisphenol-A and estrogens from hair sample. </LI> <LI> Simultaneous determination of bisphenol-A and estrogens in hair sample. </LI> <LI> Investigation of correlation between exposure of bisphenol-A and estrogen metabolism. </LI> <LI> Development of method to check exposure accumulated of bisphenol-A. </LI> </UL> </P>

Comparison of thyroid hormone disruption potentials by bisphenols A, S, F, and Z in embryo-larval zebrafish

Lee, Sangwoo,Kim, Cheolmin,Shin, Hyesoo,Kho, Younglim,Choi, Kyungho Elsevier 2019 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.221 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Several structural analogues of bisphenol A (BPA), e.g., bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol Z (BPZ), have been used as its substitutes in many applications and consequently detected in the environment, and human specimen such as urine and serum. While BPA has been frequently reported for thyroid hormone disruption in both experimental and epidemiological studies, less is known for the BPA analogues. In the present study, thyroid hormone disrupting effects of BPF, BPS and BPZ, were investigated, and compared with those of BPA, using embryo-larval zebrafish (<I>Danio rerio</I>). At 120 hpf, significant increases in T3 and/or T4 were observed in the larval fish following exposure to BPA, BPF, or BPS. Moreover, transcriptional changes of the genes related to thyroid development (<I>hhex</I> and <I>tg</I>), thyroid hormone transport (<I>ttr</I>) and metabolism (<I>ugt1ab</I>) were observed as well. Thyroid hormone (T4) disruption by BPF was observed even at the concentration (2.0 mg/L) lower than the effective concentration determined for BPA (>2.0 mg/L). Delayed hatching was observed by all tested bisphenols. Our results clearly show that these BPA analogues can disrupt thyroid function of the larval fish, and their thyroid hormone disruption potencies could be even greater than that of BPA. The concentrations which disrupt thyroid function of the larval fish were orders of magnitude higher than those occurring in the ambient environment. However, thyroid hormone disruption by longer term exposure and its consequences in the fish population, deserve further investigation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Thyroid disruption of three BPA substitutes was studied. </LI> <LI> BPA, BPF, and BPS significantly increased T3 and/or T4 levels in larval zebrafish. </LI> <LI> The genes related to TH synthesis were also up-regulated. </LI> <LI> Hatching delay was also observed in larval fish after exposure. </LI> <LI> Similar to BPA, several BPA analogues are thyroid disruptors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

광중합형 칼슘 알루미네이트 - bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate 복합 골시멘트의 특성평가: 기계적 물성, 생체적합성 및 생체활성

오승한 대한치과재료학회 2008 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 광중합형 칼슘 알루미네이트 - bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate 복합 골시멘트를 제조 하여 기계적·생물학적 평가를 통하여 최적의 조성을 확립한 후, 유사체액 보관실험을 통하여 칼슘 알루미네이트-bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate 복합 골시멘트의 생체활성을 평가하는 것이다. 3 점 굴곡강도 실험 및 세포독성 실험 결과, bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate : triethylene glycol dimethacrylate = 50 : 50 (w/v%)이고 resin : 칼슘 알루미네이트 = 20 : 80 (w/v%)인 조성이 76.49 MPa (Crosshead speed : 0.5 ㎜/min)의 가장 우수한 굴곡강도 값을 나타내었고, 생체적합성 또한 우수하였다. 본 조성을 기반으로 30일 유사체액 보관실험을 수행한 결과, 4.26%의 낮은 굴곡강도 저하를 나타내었고, 광중합면은 유사체액내 침적 30 일 동안 표면에 아무런 반응층이 형성되지 않았으나, 광중합하지 않은 면은 침적 7 일부터 표면에 3CaO·Al₂O₃·6H₂O와 함께 수산화아파타이트가 형성되기 시작하여 침적 30 일 경과 후에는 두께 3 ㎛의 수산화아파타이층을 형성하였다. 이러한 생체활성의 차이는 광중합 속도의 차이와 공기 중의 산소로 인한 bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate의 중합방해에 기인하여 발생된 것으로 추측된다.

SBA-15 Supported Fe, Ni, Fe-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts for Wet Oxidation of Bisphenol-A

Mayani, Suranjana V.,Mayani, Vishal J.,Kim, Sang Wook Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.12

Bisphenol A is considered as pollutant, because it is toxic and hazardous to living organisms even at very low concentrations. Biological oxidation used for removing this organic from waste water is not suitable and consequently application of catalytic wet oxidation has been considered as one of the best options for treating bisphenol A. We have developed Fe/SBA-15, Ni/SBA-15 and Fe-Ni/SBA-15 as heterogeneous catalysts using the advanced impregnation method for oxidation of bisphenol A in water. The catalysts were characterized with physico-chemical characterization methods such as, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FT-IR measurements, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. This work illustrates activity of the catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic degradation reaction revealed with excellent conversion and recyclability. The degradation products identified were not persistent pollutants. GC-MS analysis identified the products: 2,4-hexadienedioic acid, 2,4-pentadienic acid and isopropanol or acetic acid. The leachability study indicated that the catalysts release very little metals to water. Therefore, the possibility of water contamination through metal leaching was almost negligible.