맹종죽 임분에 시비가 상대생장식 및 바이오매스에 미치는 영향

조창규,백경원,박성완,유병오,정수영,이광수,김춘식 한국산림과학회 2017 한국산림과학회지 Vol.106 No.4

This study was carried out to determine fertilization effects on allometric equations and biomass production in a Moso bamboo (Phllostachys pubescens) stand of the Gajwa National Experimental Forests, Jinju, Korea. The study site was fertilized for approximately 30 years to produce edible bamboo shoots. Total 20 bamboos (10 fertilized and 10 unfertilized) were cut to develop allometric equations and to estimate biomass accumulation of each bamboo component. Allometric equations of each bamboo component in the fertilized and unfertilized plots were significant (P < 0.05) with diameter at 20 cm from ground (D20), diameter at breast height (DBH), culm height (H), and DBH 2 ·H. Aboveground biomass estimated by the allometric equations (DBH) was significantly higher in the unfertilized plots (106.38 Mg ha -1 ) in culm density of 6,833 culm ha -1 than in the fertilized (57.68 Mg ha -1 ) plots in culm density of 4,633 culm ha -1 . The proportion of each biomass component was culm (79%), followed by branches (14%) and leaf (7%) in the fertilized plots, whereas it was culm (81%), followed by branches (13%), and leaf (6%) in the unfertilized plots. The results indicate that aboveground biomass accumulation in a Phllostachys pubescens stand was little affected by fertilizer application because of the difference of culm density. 본 연구는 경상남도 진주시 남부산림자원연구소 가좌시험림 내 맹종죽 임분을 대상으로 죽순 생산을 위해 약 30 년 동안 시비가 실시된 시비구와 인접한 무시비구의 바이오매스 추정을 위한 상대생장식과 바이오매스 생산량을 비교하 기 위해 수행하였다. 총 20본(시비구 10본, 무시비구 10본)의 맹종죽을 벌채 한 후, 각 기관별 바이오매스(Y)를 종속변수 로 하고 근원부 20 cm 직경(D20), 흉고직경(DBH), 수고(H: culm height), 흉고직경과 수고(DBH2·H)를 독립변수(X)로 하 는 모든 상대생장식의 유의성이 인정(P < 0.05)되었으며, DBH를 이용한 시비구와 무시비구 상대생장식의 상대생장계수 (b)는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 상대생장식 중 흉고직경을 독립변수로 추정된 대나무 줄기, 가지, 잎의 바이오매스는 무시 비구가 시비구에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 지상부 총 바이오매스의 경우 무시비구가 106.38 Mg ha-1(임분 밀도 6,833본 /ha)로, 시비구의 57.68 Mg ha-1(임분 밀도 4,633본/ha)에 비해 약 2배 정도 높았다. 지상부 바이오매스 분포 비율은 시비 구의 경우 줄기(79%) > 가지(14%) > 잎(7%), 무시비구 경우 줄기(81%) > 가지(13%) > 잎(6%) 순으로 시비 처리에 따른 바이오매스 분포 비율에 큰 차이는 없었다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 임분 밀도 차로 인하여 시비는 맹종죽 임분의 지상부 바이오매스 축적량에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았다.

정주지의 메타세쿼이아와 양버즘나무의 탄소 배출 계수 및 바이오매스 상대생장식 개발

정준영,임수빈,김현준,이계한 한국산림과학회 2023 한국산림과학회지 Vol.112 No.2

This study aimed to develop biomass allometric equations and estimate carbon emission factors, such as the wood density, biomass-expansion factor, and root-to-shoot ratio, for Platanus occidentalis and Metasequoia glyptostroboides planted in urban areas. Twenty M. glyptostroboides and 25 P. occidentalis trees were harvested, and the dry weights and stem volumes of stems, branches, leaves, and roots (>5 mm) were measured. The wood densities of M. glyptostroboides and P. occidentalis were 0.293 ± 0.008 g cm-3 and 0.509 ± 0.018 g cm-3, and the biomass-expansion factors were 1.738 ± 0.031 and 1.561 ± 0.035. The root-to-shoot ratios were 0.446 ± 0.009 and 0.402 ± 0.012. The uncertainty tests (coefficient of variation, %) gave 2.8% and 3.5% values for wood density, 1.8% and 2.3% for biomass-expansion factor, and 2.1% and 2.9% for root-to-shoot ratio, respectively. Among the developed allometric equations, Model Ⅰ using the diameter at breast height (DBH) was suitable. The allometric equations of M. glyptostroboides and P. occidentalis above ground were y = 1.679 (DBH)1.315 and y = 0.505 (DBH)1.896, and the allometric equations of the root and total were y = 0.746 (DBH)1.315, y = 0.301 (DBH)1.751, y = 2.422 (DBH)1.316, and y = 0.787 (DBH)1.858. If the carbon-emission factors of this study and biomass allometric equations of the three developed models are used to estimate the carbon storage and biomass of urban forests, errors caused by not considering the use of fixed factors and the environmental differences can be reduced.

Allometric Scaling of Insects and Animals for Biomimetic Robot Design Considerations

Taejae Lee,Seohyeong Jang,Mingi Jeong,Dong-Il “Dan” Cho 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Recently, biomimetic robots have received great attention as an alternative to overcome the limit of conventional robots. However, there is no standardized methodology to design and determine the specifications of biomimetic robots. In this paper, the concept of allometric scaling and its application to biomimetic robot design considerations are discussed. Also, characteristics of motion data of small insects and animals, which are eight species of crawling and eight species of flying creatures, all with less than 400 g in weight, are investigated. These are used to compare with those of recently presented biomimetic robots as a function of the body mass in several categories, including the velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, stride frequency, and wing beat frequency. The results show that the characteristics of most of the small biomimetic robots approximately fit in the allometric scaling of insects and animals. However, it is found that some small robots have characteristics which are quite different to those predictable from the allometric scaling law. Learning from nature may be a solution to design and determine the specifications of biomimetic robots, and the allometric scaling can be the one of the methods that can help define the achievable performance envelope.

중부지방소나무 및 굴참나무의 바이오매스 상대생장식 개발

손영모,이경학,표정기 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2011 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.4

The objective of this research is to develop biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis. To develop the biomass allometric equation by species and tree component, data for Pinus densiflora in central region is collected to 30 plots (70 trees) and for Quercus variabilis is collected to 15 plots (32 trees). This study is used two independent values; (1) one based on diameter beast height, (2) the other, diameter beast height and height. And the equation forms were divided into exponential, logarithmic, and quadratic functions. The validation of biomass allometric equations were fitness index, standard error of estimate, and bias. From these methods, the most appropriate equations in estimating total tree biomass for each species are as follows; W=aD^b, W=aD^bH^e; fitness index were 0.937, 0.943 for Pinus densiflora in central region stands, and W=a+bD+cD^2, W=aD^bH^e; fitness index were 0.865, 0.874 for Quercus variabilis stands. In addition, the best performance of biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region is W=aD^b, and Quercus variabilis is W=a+bD+cD^2. The results of this study could be useful to overcome the disadvantage of existing the biomass allometric equation and calculate reliable carbon stocks for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis in Korea. 본 연구의 목적은 중부지방소나무와 굴참나무의 부위별 바이오매스 상대생장식 개발에 있다. 부위별 상대생장식의 개발을 위하여 축적 및 임분의 구조를 고려하여 중부지방소나무에서 30개소 (70그루), 굴참나무에서 15개소 (32그루)를 선정하고 시료를 수집하였다. 바이오매스의 추정에 이용된 인자는 흉고직경, 흉고직경과 수고를 이용하는 두 가지이며, 지수식, 대수식, 2차방정식의 형태로 구분하였다. 최적의 상대생장식을 도출하기 위하여 이용된 통계량은 적합도지수 (FI), 잔차의 평균 (Bias), 잔차의 표준오차 (SEE)이다. 이를 통하여 추정된 수종별 바이오매스 상대생장식은 중부지방소나무에서 W=aD^b, W=aD^bH^e 식이 적합하며 적합도는 0.937, 0.943이다. 반면, 굴참나무는 W=a+bD+cD^2, W=aD^bH^e 식이 적합하며 적합도는 0.865, 0.874이다. 또한, 중부지방소나무와 굴참나무의 부위별 바이오매스 상대생장식은 중부지방소나무 W=aD^b이고, W=a+bD+cD^2 굴참나무 으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로 제시된 중부지방소나무, 굴참나무의 바이오매스 상대생장식은 일부지역에 국한되어 개발되었던 상대생장식에 대한 단점을 보완할 수 있을 것이며 이들 수종에 대한 탄소량의 계정에 활용이 가능할 것이다.

정주지 단풍나무의 탄소저장량 추정 상대생장식

김호진,백경원,최병길,이지현,이정민,손요환,김춘식 한국산림과학회 2023 한국산림과학회지 Vol.112 No.1

Using the logarithmic methods and the generalized method of moments (GMM), this study developed carbon storage equations for maple trees (Acer palmatum Thunb.) planted in an urban settlement area. A total of 20 maple trees of various ages and diameters were destructively harvested to determine their dry weight and carbon concentration by component. The allometric equations with DBH and DBH2×H as independent variables were developed to estimate the carbon storage for each tree component. The carbon concentration of tree components was the highest in stem wood (49.8%) and lowest in stem bark (46.5%). Allometric equations to estimate the carbon storage of tree components (stem, root, aboveground, and total) showed a similar coefficient of determinations (R2 ) between the allometric equations of the logarithmic method (0.7494-0.9036) and the GMM (0.7085-0.8847). However, the R2 values of the leaves and branches were in the range of 0.3027 to 0.6380, lower than those of the R2 of the other tree components. These results indicate that the carbon storage of maple trees growing in urban settlement areas can be efficiently predicted from the equations of GMM methods in the case of a small sample size or the heteroscedasticity of logarithmic equations. 본 연구는 도시 내 정주지에 조경수로 식재된 단풍나무(Acer palmatum Thunb.) 20본을 대상으로 로그(Log)와 일반화적률법(Generalized Method of Moments, GMM)에 의해 수목 부위별 탄소저장량 추정식을 개발하였다. 수목 부위별탄소 농도는 줄기 목질부가 49.8%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 줄기 수피는 46.5%로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 수목 부위별 탄소저장량을 종속변수로 하고 흉고직경(DBH), 흉고직경 제곱과 수고(DBH2×H)를 독립변수로 하는 상대생장식의 결정계수(R2) 는 줄기, 뿌리, 지상부, 임목 전체의 경우 Log 식은 0.7494~0.9036, GMM 상대생장식은 0.7085~0.8847 등으로 두 방법 사이에 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 가지나 잎의 상대생장식은 R2 =0.3027~0.6380으로 두 방법 모두 매우 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구는 정주지 수목의 탄소저장량 추정을 위한 상대생장식 개발에 있어서 표본목 수가 작거나 상대생장식의 잔차 이분산성이 문제가 되는 경우 GMM 방법의 상대생장식을 이용할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

Allometric models and aboveground biomass of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. forest in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Analuddin Kangkuso,Jamili Jamili,Andi Septiana,Rasas Raya,Idin Sahidin,Usman Rianse,Saban Rahim,Alfirman Alfirman,Sahadev Sharma,Kazuo Nadaoka 한국산림과학회 2016 Forest Science And Technology Vol.12 No.1

Information on aboveground biomass of mangrove forest at Rawa Aopa Watumohai National (RAWN) Park is fundamental for the management of mangroves (Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.) in the park. Allometric relationships of partial or whole L. racemosa trees were examined using independent variables D30, DBH, and DB or quadratics D302H, DBH2H, and DB2H from different individuals of L. racemosa trees. Aboveground biomass was estimated by allometric equations and tree census data. Results showed that the best fit for allometric models of stem biomass (WS) and leaf biomass (WL) used the independent variable of DBH2H, while the best fit for branch biomass (WB) used quadratic DB2H. The quadratic DBH2H is the most reliable parameter for estimating aboveground biomass of L. racemosa trees. Aboveground biomass of L. racemosa varied among stands, ranging from 26.23 to 191.01 ton ha ¡1. Biomass density of L. racemosa forest varied from 4.07 to 29.80 ton ha ¡1 m ¡1. The high aboveground biomass of L. racemosa indicates its high blue carbon stock, which maintains the productivity of nearby coastal areas. Therefore, the results of this study can help the sustainable management of mangroves in the RAWN Park and surrounding areas.

Allometric Equations for Crown Fuel Load of Pinus rigida Stands in South Korea

Sung Yong Kim,Chun Geun Kwon,He Young Ahn,Byung Doo Lee,Mi Na Jang 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Crisisonomy Vol.13 No.12

본 연구의 목적은 리기다소나무림의 수관층 연료량 추정식을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 충남 예산군 소재에 분포하고 있는 리기다소나무를 흉고직경별로 20본 벌채하였으며, 수관층에서 잎과 가지를 분류하고, 가지의 고사여부와 더불어 굵기별로 구분하여 무게를 측정하였다. 연료량 추정식은 흉고직경 또는 흉고직경과 수고를 독립변수로 이용하여 개발하였다. 각 부위별 수관층 연료량을 보면 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 부위는 >4cm 가지 (9.521kg, 26.08%)로 나타났으며, 잎 (8.852kg, 24.25%), 2-4cm 가지 (7.226kg, 19.79%), 1-2cm 가지 (3.920kg, 10.74%), <0.5cm 가지 (2.890kg, 7.92%), 0.5-1cm 가지 (2.711kg, 7.42%), 죽은가지 (1.387kg, 3.80%) 순으로 나타났다. 평균적으로 lnWt=β0+β1 lnD 식에서 조정결정계수 (R2adj = 0.9870-0.8596)는 높고, 표준추정오차 (S.E.E. = 0.1670-0.6859)는 낮았으나, 추정식 간의 차이는 적었다. The objective of this study was to develop an allometric equation to estimate crown fuel load of Pinus rigira in South Korea. Twenty representative trees were cut down for samples, and crown fuel were classified according toits component(needle or branch), life (alive or dead), and diameter(<0.5cm, 0.5-1cm, 1-2cm, 2-4cm, >4cm). A fuel load allometric equation was developed with diameter at breast height(DBH) and tree height as independent variables. The result of this study showed that the > 4cm branches recorded the largest fuel load (9.521kg), followed by needles fuel (8.852kg), live branches with size ranging from 2 to 4cm (7.226kg), 1-2cm (3.920kg), <0.5cm (2.890kg), 0.5-1cm (2.711kg) and dead branches (1.387kg) as the lowest. On average, the adjusted coefficient of determination was high (R2adj = 0.9870-0.8596) and standard error of estimate was high (S.E.E. = 0.1670-0.6859) in allometric equation,lnWt=β0+β1 lnD. However, the differences in R2adj and S.E.E. between the equations were not significant.

Allometric equations, stem density and biomass expansion factors for Cryptomeria japonica in Mount Halla, Jeju Island, Korea

서연옥 한국생태학회 2014 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.37 No.4

This study was conducted to develop allometric equations and to determine the stem density and biomass expansion factor (BEF) for the estimation of the aboveground and belowground biomass of Cryptomeria japonica in Jeju Island, Korea. A total of 18 trees were harvested from the 40-year-old C. japonica stands in Hannam experimental forest, Jeju Island. The mean biomass of the C. japonica was 50.4 Mg ha-1 in stem wood, 23.1 Mg ha-1 in root, 9.6 Mg ha-1 in branch, 4.6 Mg ha-1 in needle and 4.3 Mg ha-1 in stem bark. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was selected as independent variable for the development of allometric equations. To evaluate the performance of these equations, coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used and results of the evaluation showed that R2 ranged from 71% (root biomassequation) to 96% (aboveground biomass equation) and the RMSE ranged from 0.10 (aboveground biomass equation) to 0.33 (root biomass equation). The mean stem density of C. japonica was 0.37 g cm-3 and the mean aboveground BEF was 1.28 g g-1. Furthermore, the ratio of the root biomass to aboveground biomass was 0.32.

Estimation of an Appropriate Human Dose of Boesenbergia pandurata Extracts Based on Allometric Scaling Data of Panduratin A in Mice, Rats, and Dogs

최승목,김창희,손희빈,황재관,강원구 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.4

It can be difficult to identify health/functional foods that exert therapeutic benefits for alleviating gingivitis and periodontitis. Recently, extracts of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.), which is a tropical plant, have shown promising inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis. As a result, a clinical trial is being planned to assess utility of B. pandurata (Roxb.) extracts for promoting oral health; this study was designed to determine an appropriate human dose of the extracts for the trial. Pharmacokinetic studies of panduratin A, which is an active substance in fingerroot, were carried out in mice, rats, and dogs after oral administration of the extracts. The clearance data for each species were used to estimate clearance in humans through allometric scaling based on the maximum lifespan potential, and a daily dose providing sufficient anti-periodontitis activity was estimated for use in the clinical trial. The findings indicated that allometric scaling is a reasonable approach that is relatively free of safety issues and can be used to determine doses of substances for incorporation into health/functional foods appropriate for humans.

백합나무의 상대생장식 및 현존량 확장계수

강민선 ( Min Sun Kang ),장경수 ( Kyoung Soo Jang ),손영모 ( Young Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),박인협 ( In Hyeop Park ),이계한 ( Kye Han Lee ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.4

백합나무(Liriodendron tulipifera L.)의 자원량 파악 및 바이오매스 통계자료 구축을 위해 줄기밀도, 바이오매스 확장계수, 뿌리함량비를 구하였으며, 흉고직경과 수고를 이용한 상대생장식을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 지역과 경급을 고려하여 총 40본의 표본목을 벌채하였고 21본은 뿌리까지 굴취 하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면 백합나무의 줄기밀도는 0.43 g·cm^-3, 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.2, 뿌리함량비는 0.2이며, 각각의 불확실성은 3.9%, 4.6%, 24.1% 이었다. 백합나무 지상부 상대생장식은 W=0.060D^2.524이었고, 전체 바이오매스 및 지하부 상대생장식은 각각 W=0.063D^2.578, W=0.010D^2.591이었다. The purpose of this study was to develop allometric equations for identifying the amount of wood and building biomass statistics of L. tulipifera by density, biomass expansion factors and root ratio. For this purpose, total of 40 trees were sampled, which were used consideration the area and the DBH class. As a results, the wood density was 0.43 g·cm^-3, biomass expansion factors were 1.2, root ratio was 0.2 and uncertainty were 3.9%, 4.6%, 24.1%, respectively. Allometric equations for above ground of L. tulipifera trees were W=0.060D^2.524. Total and underground allometric equations were W=0.063D^2.578, W=0.010D^2.591, respectively.