동적 콘관입시험(DCPT)를 이용한 노상토의 다짐도 평가

오병탁,최준성,유광호 한국도로학회 2019 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.21 No.6

PURPOSES : For compaction control on the subgrade layer, the simple and economical test DCPT (Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Test) is being applied to the Korea Pavement Design Guide. However, compaction control is now difficult and to conduct in the field and is not performed in practice because the compaction degree is evaluated via the field density test as a pretreatment step when the compaction management process is evaluated by DCPT at the same time. Therefore, this study tried to propose a method considering an evaluation for the compaction degree using DCPT, via laboratory tests and field tests. METHODS: The in-situ DCPT tests were conducted according to the types of subgrade soils in the field. Afterward, the field density tests for the compaction degree (R) of field samples and the experiments using DCPT were performed simultaneously in a self-made test container in the lab. RESULTS: Through the DCPT test, compaction degree evaluation from the correlations proposed in this study was determined to be possible. Additional field tests could verify the proposed correlations between compaction degree with DCPT PR on the subgrade. CONCLUSIONS: For the evaluation of the subgrade compaction degree using dynamic CPT, the correlations between compaction degree and DCPT PR on the subgrade layer are proposed from laboratory tests and field tests using DCPT and field density tests. Keywords Field density

Evaluation of an Ergonomic Gaze Fixation Induction Method for Effective Visual Field Testing

Jihyoung Lee,Baekhee Lee,Yeona Kim,Hyunji Park,Jaheon Kang,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

Objective: The present study is to develop and evaluate an ergonomic gaze fixation induction method for applying a visual field testing system. Background: Glaucoma which is progressive visual field defects in the ophthalmology has been screened by visual field examination. For accurate visual field testing result, it is important to fix a patient’s line of sight to a center point on visual field testing area. However, the existing visual field tester’s reliability is low because there is lack of inducing patient gaze fixation. Apparatus: To conduct the gaze fixation performance testing, the present study used a PC monitor, an input keypad, and a chin support and a visual field testing S/W applied with 24-2 threshold method (Paolo, 2006). 1<SUP>st</SUP> pilot test: The result of eye fixation performance and subjective satisfaction (7-point scale) for eye fixation targets applied with different color, alphanumeric, and shape showed no significances. 2<SUP>nd</SUP> pilot test: 5 and 10 Hz flashing dots of 0, 1, 5, and 10 Hz flashing dots as eye fixation targets had better subjective satisfactions (3-point scale) than those of the remainder. Final test: Eye fixation targets applying flash rate and shape factor including previous eye fixation targets (reference dot and flashing dot) are to be evaluated for the eye fixation performance (fixation error rate, fixation loss rate) and subjective satisfaction (easy gaze fixation, testing concentration, eye fatigue, and overall satisfaction) on 40 people (20 ~ 70 age groups). Conclusion: The flashing dot was the best gaze fixation for high testing accuracy during visual field testing. Application: The ergonomic gaze fixation induction method is expected to be used for glaucoma diagnosis with visual field examination.

Is Field Dependence/Independence a Source of Test Bias in Iranian EFL Majors" Cloze Test Performance?

( Zahra Alimorad ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2013 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Recent language testing research investigates factors other than language proficiency that may be responsible for systematic variance in languagetest performance. One such factor is the test takers`` cognitive styles. The present study was carried out with the aim of finding the probable effects of Iranian EFL learners`` cognitive styles on their performance on cloze tests. For purposes of the present study, it was hypothesized that field (in)dependence would introduce systematic variance into Iranian EFL learners`` cloze test performance. 30 female students all majoring in English Translation at Shiraz Islamic Azad University took the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), a reduced version of TOEFL test, and a cloze test. The results of the present study provided evidence that the field-dependent (FD, hereafter) subjects performed the same as their field independent (FI, hereafter) counterparts on the cloze test. It was, therefore, concluded that test takers`` cognitive styles may not be viewed as a source of systematic variance in performance on cloze tests and hence, may not be a source of test bias.

Test-retest Reliability of the Korean Matrix Sentence-in-noise Recognition in Sound-field Testing Condition

Yukyeong Jung,Jae Ho Han,Seokyu Choi,Jae Hee Lee 한국청각언어재활학회 2021 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to measure the test-retest reliability of the Korean Matrix sentence-in-noise test in a sound-field testing condition. Methods: Fifty-five listeners with normal hearing participated. The sound-field speech-in-noise test was administered with a front loudspeaker by presenting noise at a fixed level (65 dB SPL) while adaptively adjusting the sentence level based on the listener’s response. The speech reception thresholds (SRTs) corresponding to 50% sentence-in-noise intelligibility were obtained using speech-shaped noise (SSN), International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) noise, and International Speech Test Signal (ISTS) noise. For the test-retest reliability, each subject was tested twice in a 2-week interval. The test-retest reliabilities were judged by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the minimal detectable change (MDC) values, and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The test-retest reliabilities of the Korean Matrix sentence test were good (ICC, 0.84~0.86) across SSN, ICRA, ISTS noises. The MDC was 0.92 dB SNR for SSN and 2.83 and 2.98 dB SNR for ICRA and ISTS, indicating the random measurement error varied across the types of noise. Conclusion: The Korean Matrix sentence-in-noise test can be used as a reliable tool to assess speech-in-noise intelligibility in sound-field testing condition. Further study across various sessions would strengthen the present finding.

순발력과 체격요인의 관련성

김기진 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

This study analyzed the relationship between power and physical characteristics, and the relationship of power output between field test of jumping, running, and throwing and laboratory test, for the investigation of a suitable power testing protocol. Physique of length, circumference, and skinfold thickness, power output of field test as jumping, runnung, throwing, Wingate test, Quebec 10 s test, and Cybex test, and isotonic and isokinetic muscular strength were measured in male(n=50) and female(n=50) 20-aged subjects. Predicted power output of jumping and running could not be suggested by the physique, but the performance of medicine ball throwing could be predicted by lower limb length and fore arm circumference in male subjects, and the performance of handball bthrowing could be predicted by thigh and upper arm circumference in female subjects. It could not found the critical relationship between jumping and sprint running test, but the significant correlation coefficient of power output showed among sprint running testing protocols. 10 m shuttle running is a independent method from the other sprint methods, and 100 m running test could be replaced by 30 m shuttle running in male and female groups. Handball throwing is a independent method from the other sprint running methods. Power output of field test showed no significant the correlation coefficients in male group, but handball and medicine ball throwing were significantly correlated with a few items of muscular strength in female group. Handball throwing were significantly correlated with the power output of Wingate test and Quebec 10 s test, so handball throwing method is a very important trials for the measurement of power output in field and laboratory test.

여자농구선수의 무산소성 운동능력 평가를 위한 윈게이트 테스트와 요요 테스트의 상관분석

조문주,김우경 한국자료분석학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 농구 선수들의 경기력 향상을 위해 가장 효과적인 필드 테스트 프로그램이 무엇인지를 알아보기 위하여 실험실에서는 무산소성 능력측정을 위한 윈게이트 테스트를 실시하였으며, 필드 테스트를 위해서는 요요 테스트 3가지 방법(1, 2, 3)의 프로그램을 5년 이상 선수 경험이 있는 여자 고등학생과 대학생 24명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료처리는 실내테스트인 윈게이트 테스트와, 필드 테스트인 요요 테스트간의 효과검증을 위하여 상관분석과 정준상관분석을 실시하였다. 윈게이트 테스트와 요요 테스트 1, 2 요인간의 상관관계를 볼 때, 이동횟수, 총 이동거리, 총운동시간, 젖산운동직후는 각각 무산소성능력과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 젖산운동직후, 총 이동거리는 무산소성능력과 가장 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 정준상관분석 결과에서는 모두 유의수준(p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. The primary purpose of this research is to find out the most effective field test program to improve basketball game performance. For this, the Wingate test has been conducted in a lab to measure the anaerobic tolerance capability while three different types of yoyo test program(1, 2, 3) have been carried out for a field test on 24 high school and college female students with the five years or more experience as professional athletes. Correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis have been used as a tool to evaluate the effectiveness between the Wingate test as indoor test and the Yoyo test as a field test. Here is the result of the tests. When it comes to the correlation between the Wingate test and the Yoyo test of 1 and 2, the number of movements, total distance of movement, total exercising hours and lactic acid exercise, respectively have shown to have a statistically significant correlation with the anaerobic exercise capability. In particular, immediately after a lactic acid exercise, the total distance of movement has turned out to have the highest correlation with the anaerobic exercise capability while neither has been statistically significant(p<.05) as a result of canonical correlation analysis.

근거리용 탄젠트 스크린 고안을 통한 저시력학생의 시야 검사

류현,이해균 한국특수교육학회 2013 특수교육학연구 Vol.48 No.3

시각장애학생의 시기능 특성을 고려한 교육이 이루어지기 위해서는 그와 관련된 진단 평가를 반드시 실시하고 그 결과를 적극 활용해야 한다. 이러한 진단 평가 중 기능시력 평가의 한 요소로 시야를 생각할 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 저시력학생의 시야 측정에 적절한 근거리용 탄젠트 스크린 고안과 이를 활용한 저시력학생의 시야 검사 결과의 분석을 목적으로 한다. 탄젠트 스크린의 규격을 35cm 거리에서 30°까지의 시야를 검사할 수 있도록 정하였다. 이는 기존의 1m 탄젠트 스크린에 비하여 시표를 저시력학생이 식별하기가 용이하다. 또한 기능시력 평가를 위한 공간이 확보되지 않은 우리나라의 교육현장을 고려하여 스크린을 이동하기 편하게 하였다. 그리고 고안한 근거리용 탄젠트 스크린을 사용하여 7명의 대상자에게 시야 검사를 실시하고 결과를 분석하였다. 이로 인하여 근거리용 탄젠트 스크린으로 시야 검사를 하였을 때 안과 검사에 대한 진술이나 일반적으로 알려져 있는 눈의 질환에 따른 시야 특징과 유사한 결과가 나타난다는 것을 확인하였다. Functional vision assessment is essential for educating students with visual impairments, especially those with low vision. One of components of functional vision is visual field. The purpose of this study is designing near point tangent screen for visual field assessment of students with low vision. It designed 35cm distance for test of 30 degrees of visual field. It reduced distance of test of visual field, and facilitated visual field test for low vision, and was more portable than 1m tangent screen. It uses transparent magnets for noting the points of border of visual field instead of black pins scratch the screen. Seven students with low vision have visual acuity greater than 20/2000(0.01) is assessed their visual fields using the 35cm distance tangent screen designed in this study. Because of visual field test of 35cm distance needed visual acuity greater than 20/2800(≒0.007), approximate value of the visual acuity 20/2000(0.01) was criterion of participation of students with low vision in this study. The results of their visual fields assessed by using 35cm distance tangent screen are compared with their doctoral eye examination brief of visual fields and conditions of visual fields of eye pathologies. The 35cm distance tangent screen results is similar to results of other two types, and available for assessment of visual fields. It is alternative tool in schools for the visually impaired, for assessment of visual fields of students with low vision have visual acuity greater than 20/2000(0.01).

새로운 유형의 음주측정불응행위에 대한 법리적 검토

성홍재(Seong, Hong-Jae) 숭실대학교 법학연구소 2018 法學論叢 Vol.42 No.-

현행 도로교통법에 따르면, 경찰공무원은 교통의 안전과 위험방지를 위하여 필요하다고 인정하거나 술에 취한 상태에서 자동차등을 운전하였다고 인정할 만한 상당한 이유가 있는 경우에는 운전자가 술에 취하였는지를 호흡조사로 측정할 수 있고, 운전자가 경찰공무원의 측정에 응하지 않으면 처벌한다. 도로교통법을 제정할 당시에는 음주측정과 음주측정불응죄를 규정하지 않았다가 1980년 개정하면서 처음으로 규정하였다. 그러나 ‘교통안전과 위험방지의 필요성’이라는 요건으로 인하여 음주측정에 불응하더라도 처벌할 수 없는 문제점이 발생하여 1995년 ‘술에 취한 상태에서 운전하였다고 인정할만한 상당한 이유’라는 요건이 추가되었다. 음주측정불응죄는 주로 두 번째 요건에서 다툼이 있어왔고, 대법원 역시 이 요건을 충족하는지 여부로 판결하여 왔다. 그러나 최근 들어 운전자가 음주단속현장에서 ‘도주’하는 유형의 음주측정불응행위가 나타났고, 이에 대해 대법원은 음주운전에 대한 혐의는 있으나 증명력이 부족하여 음주운전죄로 처벌할 수 없다고 판결하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 음주측정불응죄에 대해 역사적·문리적·목적적 해석방법으로 검토하였다. 역사적 해석방법에 있어서는 도로교통법의 제정시부터 현재까지 관련 규정의 변화를 살펴보았고, 문리적 해석방법에서는 ‘교통안전과 위험방지의 필요성’ 및 ‘술에 취한 상태에서 운전하였다고 인정할만한 상당한 이유’에 대해 분석하였고, 목적적 해석방법에 대해서는 음주측정불응죄를 신설하고 그 처벌을 강화한 목적을 해석하였다. 이러한 해석방법을 바탕으로 새로운 유형의 음주측정불응행위가 음주측정불응죄에 해당하는지 검토한 결과, ‘운전석 창문 미개방행위’와 달리 ‘도주’행위는 음주측정불응죄에 해당한다는 결론이 도출되었다. 그러나 보다 더 바람직한 방안은 이에 대해 입법화하는 것일 것이다. According to road traffic act police officer can administer breath testing, when he admits necessity for the safety and averting danger on the road or believes with the probable cause that the accused drives in a state of intoxication. At this time the accused must comply the test by police officer. Otherwise the accused is guilty of the offense of refusing field sobriety test. At the beginning this rules were not prescribed on the road traffic act and in 1980 the rules were prescribed for the first time. But the accused could not be punished in spite of his refusal of field sobriety test, when there was no necessity for the safety and averting danger on the road. therefore the probable cause was added in 1995. Recently new type of refusing field sobriety test, for example escape on the road before the test or no wind-down the car window on the spot, showed up. The supreme court found the accused not guilty, who has escaped on the road before the test. The reason was why there was suspect him of drunken driving, but no evidence. Therefore, the rules are examined in 3 ways, namely in historical analysis, in the point analysis of the rules and in the spirit analysis of the law. Especially, considering the legislative intent of offense of refusing field sobriety test is to ensure the safety and averting danger on the road and the test by criminal penalty, he will be guilty who escapes on the road or doesn’t wind down the car window. It is better to prescribe the new type of refusing field sobriety test in the law, than to interpret the rules. Furthermore it is necessary to change the paradigm. Until now the supreme court has adjudicated in the eyes of criminal law. But such decisions are not enough to solve many new type of social problems. This is why the eyes of police law have to be applied.

팥 포장출현력 예측을 위한 종자세 검사

정 관석,나 영왕,심 상인,김 석현 한국작물학회 2014 한국작물학회지 Vol.59 No.3

Field emergence of Azuki bean is poor due to hard seed coat as compared to other legumes. In this study, an attempt was made to develop prediction method with regression analysis based on various seed vigor tests in laboratory for field emergence of azuki bean. Azuki bean seeds artificially aged to provide various levels of seed quality were evaluated by the standard germination test (SGT), cold germination test (CT), cool germination test (CGT), complex stressing vigor test (CSVT), tetrazolium(TZ) vigor test and electroconductivity test. The SGT was suitable for predicting the field emergence in the unaged high vigor seeds. The abnormal seedling percentage and shoot length in the CGT were highly correlated with field emergence of moderate vigor seeds artificially aged for 2 days. Electroconductivity, seed viability in the CSVT, and vigor and predicted germinability in the tetrazolium vigor test were also useful for predicting field emergence. Percent of ungerminated seed in the CSVT was correlated with field emergence in the low vigor seeds artificially aged for 4 days. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, seed viability in the SGT, normal seedling percentage and dry matter weight in the CGT accounted for 86.9% of the predicted value of field emergence in azuki bean.

Evaluation of Deterioration of Larix kaempferi Wood Heat-treated by Superheated Steam through Field Decay Test for 12 Months(12개월 야외 내후성 시험에 의한 과열증기 열처리된 낙엽송재의 열화 평가)

( Yonggun Park ),( Yeonjung Han ),( Jun-ho Park ),( Hyunwoo Chung ),( Hyunbin Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2018 목재공학 Vol.46 No.5

본 연구에서는 과열증기를 이용하여 열처리한 낙엽송재의 야외 내후성 시험을 통해 부후균과 해충에 대한 저항성을 평가하였다. 12개월간 진행된 야외 내후성 시험 결과, 무처리재는 흰개미에 의한 피해가 두드러지게 나타났지만 방부목재와 과열증기 열처리재에서는 육안으로 관찰되는 피해는 발견되지 않았다. 무처리재와 방부목재는 약 5%의 질량 감소를 보였으며, 과열증기 열처리재는 약 1%의 질량 감소를 보였다. 야외 내후성 시험이 진행된 후 방부목재에 남아있는 방부약제의 함량이 야외 내후성 시험 전보다 감소한 것으로 보아 야외 내후성 시험이 진행되는 동안 방부약제가 일부 용출된 것으로 보이며, 이에 따라 방부목재의 질량 감소가 무처리재와 유사한 수준으로 나타난 것으로 생각되었다. 과열증기를 이용한 열처리는 방부약제 주입과 같은 화학적인 처리 없이 친환경적으로 목재의 부후균과 해충에 대한 저항성을 개선시킬 수 있는 가능성이 확인되었으며, 이를 위하여 장기적인 관찰이 추가적으로 필요할 것이라 생각된다. In this study, the decay resistance of larch wood, which was heat treated by superheated steam, was evaluated by the field decay test. During the field decay test of 12 months, non-treated wood has been severely damaged by termite, however, no visible damage has occurred in the preservative-treated wood and superheated steam heat-treated wood. Results of field decay test showed approximately 5% mass loss of the non-treated wood and the preservative-treated wood, and approximately 1% mass loss of the superheated steam heat-treated wood. After the field decay test for 12 months, the residual amount of preservatives remaining in the preservative-treated wood was lower than that before the field decay test. It was considered that the preservative was partially eluted during the field decay test, and the mass loss of the preservative-treated wood was thought to be similar to that of the non-treated wood. Through this study and additional long-term monitoring test, superheated steam heat treatment can be considered to be an environmental-friendly method to enhance the decay resistance of wood against rot fungi and/or insect without chemical treatment such as preservative injection.