1960~80년대 서울의 도시화와 초등교육환경 변화

박광명 역사와교육학회 2023 역사와 교육 Vol.37 No.-

이 글은 1960년대부터 80년 중반까지 서울의 도시화와 행정구역 확장에 따 른 초등교육환경의 변화에 대해 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 1950~60년대 의 서울은 급격한 학령인구 증가와 ‘교실난’으로 인한 교육환경 악화가 가장 주요한 교육 현안이었다. 더불어 이러한 열악한 교육환경은 지속적인 산업화 와 도시화 과정속에서 반드시 해결해야 할 문제였다. 1960~80년대 서울의 초등교육환경에 대한 기존의 편년사와 연구들은 과 밀학급 실태에 대해 사실 내용만을 나열하거나, 본격적인 분석을 시도하지 않았다고 볼 수 있다. 이는 서울시의 교육제도의 변화에 초점을 맞추었으며, 국민학교 교육환경에 대해서는 1950년대 당시와 1980년대 이후의 통계만으 로 분석이 진행된 결과이다. 한편으로 해당 시기의 교육환경을 모두가 경험 했기에, 누구나 알고 있는 것이라는 판단이 있으리라 짐작한다. 그렇기에 실 질적인 과밀학급 문제가 언급되지 않는, 대략 20여 년이 지난 시점에서 해당 시기의 자료와 내용을 정리할 필요가 있다. 이 글은 산업화 시기 대도시 서울의 교육환경 변화에 대한 기존의 통계 자료를 정리 및 분석하는 것을 일차적인 목적으로 하였다. 특히 기존 연구 에서 간단히 다루었던 60~80년대 국민학교 교육환경에 대한 분석에 초 점을 맞추었다. 이를 위해 우선 서울의 도시화 과정에 대해 살펴보고, 이 러한 도시화에 따른 도시 인구 과밀화가 서울의 교육 여건 수요를 어떻게 변화시켰는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 서울의 도시화는 전후의 급격한 인구 이동을 통해 진행되었으며, 도시계획을 바탕으로 한 개발은 60년대에 들어서야 가능했다. 교육환경 개선의 여론이 형성되었음에도 불구하고 서 울의 도시계획에는 교실난으로 인한 과밀학급 해소를 위한 적극적인 대 책이 제대로 반영되지 못하였다. 결국 교육환경 측면에서, 한국의 ‘압축성 장’은 대도시 서울의 ‘압축교실’을 만들어냈다. 당시의 정부와 서울시의 재정 상황에서 이는 어쩌면 당연한 선택이었을 수도 있었다. 산업화와 도시화라는 압력 속에서 대도시 서울의 국민학교 교육환경은 열 악한 환경에 처해 있었다. 과밀학급 문제는 교원수와 교실수의 부족으로 기 인한 것이었다. 이는 또한 학생들의 학업성취도에도 영향을 주었다. 더 나아 가 교육환경 격차로도 이어졌다. 정부와 관계 당국 역시도 이에 대해 해결 방 안을 마련하고자 하였다. 하지만 교실수 확보보다는 교원수의 증가를 통한 방식으로 진행되었으며, 이후에는 가족계획정책이나 핵가족 사회로의 변화 등과 같은 자연적 학령인구 감소를 통해 해소되는 방향으로 나아갔다. The purpose of this article is to examine the changes in the elementary education environment due to the urbanization of Seoul and the expansion of administrative districts from the 1960s to the mid-1980s. In Seoul in the 1950s and 1960s, the most important educational issues were the rapid increase in the school-age population and the deterioration of the educational environment due to "classroom difficulties(敎室難)." In addition, this poor educational environment was a problem that must be solved in the process of continuous industrialization and urbanization. It can be seen that the existing annual history and studies on Seoul's elementary education environment in the 1960s and 1980s did not list only the facts or attempt a full-scale analysis on the status of overcrowded classes. This focused on changes in the education system in Seoul, and the analysis of the educational environment of elementary schools was conducted only with statistics from the 1950s and 1980s. On the one hand, since everyone has experienced the educational environment of the period, I guess there is a judgment that everyone knows it. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the data and contents of the period at the point of approximately 20 years, when the actual overcrowded class problem is not mentioned. The primary purpose of this article is to organize and analyze existing statistical data on changes in the educational environment in metropolitan Seoul during industrialization. In particular, it focused on the analysis of the educational environment of elementary schools in the 60s and 80s, which was briefly dealt with in previous studies. To this end, we first looked at the urbanization process in Seoul, and how the overcrowding of urban populations due to such urbanization has changed the demand for educational conditions in Seoul. The urbanization of Seoul was carried out through rapid population movement after the war, and development based on urban planning was only possible in the 1960s. Despite the formation of public opinion to improve the educational environment, Seoul's urban planning did not properly reflect active measures to resolve overcrowded classes due to classroom difficulties. Eventually, in terms of the educational environment, Korea's "compressed growth" created a "compressed classroom" in Seoul, a metropolitan city. This could have been a natural choice in the financial situation of the government and Seoul at the time. Under the pressure of industrialization and urbanization, the educational environment of elementary schools in Seoul, a metropolitan city, was in a poor environment. The problem of overcrowded classes was caused by a lack of the number of teachers and classrooms. It also affected students' study achievement. Furthermore, it led to a gap in the educational environment. The government and related authorities also tried to come up with a solution to this. However, rather than securing the number of classrooms, it was carried out in a way that increased the number of teachers, and since then, it has moved toward resolving through a decrease in the natural school-age population, such as family planning policies and changes to a nuclear family society.

교육환경권 보호의 문제점과 개선방안: 학교 내 화학물질 검출 사례에 따른 교육환경법을 중심으로

이상만 대한교육법학회 2017 敎育 法學 硏究 Vol.29 No.4

According to a rise in economic income, a tendency was noticeably shown that people try to improve quality of life such as willingly living in clean environment. To satisfy this social change, the government, education office of the local government attempted to reform the facilities within school such as a school playground in order for children and adolescent students to be capable of receiving education in comfortable environment. Heavy investments were made with the above good objective, thereby having changed a school playground into artificial turf so that students can run around and play freely, and having repaired and resurfaced a school building in order to make students available for enjoying a learning right in comfortable environment. But carcinogenic agent and harmful chemical substance were detected in that place, thereby rather threatening students' health. And the government enacted “Law on educational environment protection(hereunder called “educational environment law”)” in order to secure educational environment in 2017 as if reflecting this social atmosphere. By the way, the educational environmental law was enacted on the basis of the existing “School Health Law”, thereby still emphasizing the formation of educational environment through blocking the harmful facilities outside school. In addition, this law focused on the educational environment assessment when establishing a school. Thus, there is an insufficient section in regulating an environmental pollution incident within school that is taking place these days. Accordingly, this study pursued its improvement plan after inquiring into a problem of the educational environment law centering on a case of chemical detection within the educational facilities that happened recently. 국민들은 경제소득이 증가하면서 깨끗한 환경에서 생활하고자 하는 등 삶의 질을 향상시키려는 경향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 이런 사회의 변화에 부합하도록 정부와 지방자치단체는 아동 및 청소년기의 학생들이 쾌적한 환경에서 교육을 받을 수 있도록 하기 위하여 학교 운동장 등 학교 내 시설을 개선하고자 하였다. 위와 같은 좋은 목적에서 많은 비용을 투자하여 학생들이 마음껏 뛰어놀 수 있도록 학교 운동장을 인조잔디로 바꾸고 쾌적한 환경에서 학습권을 누릴 수 있도록 교사(校舍)를 수리․보수하였지만, 그 곳에서 발암물질과 유해화학물질이 검출되어 오히려 학생들의 건강을 위협하고 있다. 그리고 정부는 이런 사회적 분위기를 반영하듯 2017년 교육환경을 보장하기 위해 “교육환경보호에 관한 법률(아래에서는 ”교육환경법“이라 칭함)”을 제정하였다. 그런데 교육환경법은 기존의 “학교보건법”을 기초로 제정된 탓에 여전히 학교 외부 유해시설 차단을 통한 교육환경 조성에 주안점을 두고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 이 법은 학교설립시의 교육환경영향평가에 초점을 둔 나머지 최근 발생하고 있는 학교 내 환경오염 사고를 규율하는데 미흡한 부분이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 최근 발생한 교육시설 내 화학물질 검출 사례를 중심으로 교육환경법의 문제점을 살펴보고, 그 개선방안을 모색한다.

초ㆍ중등학교의 교육환경 조성의무와 학생의 학습권 보장

노기호 원광대학교 법학연구소 2008 圓光法學 Vol.24 No.3

It is usually said that the most important impact to threaten the right to learn of student is the invasion of safety for educational environment in school. that is, a life guard for problem students and punishment for them, violence in school, bully problem, criminal case caused by punishment and the other several safety accident caused in school. The invasion of safety for educational environment in school is the essential factor to invade the right to learn of student. Korea constitution article 35 (1) said that "all citizens shall have the right to a healthy and pleasant environment. The state and all citizens shall endeavor to protect the environment". So all citizens have the right to a healthy and pleasant environment and the state has the duty to guarantee these right of citizens. These environment right means that to live in healthy and pleasant environment in narrow, just to live in environment without invasion of life and health. But in wide, to live in good social environment such as cultural environment, road, park, education, medical care are involved in these rights. In these days, the right to environment means that not only natural environment but also cultural and social environment. By the way, how much safety of our educational environment in school even though these constitutional right to environment? What they are doing for protecting the invasion of safety for educational environment in school and to protect the light to learn of student. We need to discuss about how to do their duty to making safe educational environment. To promote safe educational environment, the school and educational authority as well as student and parents need to change their mind for educational environment and to do something. that is, the change of mind of teachers, students, educational authority and parents and to prepare legal and institutional system for them are needed. First, it is needed to change of mind for the importance about educational environment in school and the right to learn of student. Second, the code for protecting school violence is needed to amend more effective and detail so that to applicate any problems raising in school.Third, educational authority, schools and NGO are needed to do something for removing the invasion of safety for educational environment in school and making safe educational environment by legal and institutional system.

미술교육 환경이 중등학교 학습자의 교육만족과 교육성과에 미치는 영향: 몰입의 매개효과

권수정 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.10

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of secondary school learners' environmental awareness of art education on educational satisfaction and educational performance, and the mediating effect of educational immersion in these influence relationships. Methods Five middle and high schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were selected, and a total of 200 students (40 students from each school) were set as the research subjects. Basic statistical analysis was performed based on 198 copies of data finally collected for a total of 30 days from August 1 to August 30, 2021 through a self-report questionnaire, and correlation analysis was performed to identify correlations between major variables. Multiple linear regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to understand the influence of learner's educational satisfaction and educational performance, and the mediating effect of immersion. We tried to secure the objectivity of the research results as much as possible by verifying collinearity and calculating Durbin-Watson's statistics. Results First, the internal environment of education and the external environment of education, two sub-factors constituting the art education environment, had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on learners' satisfaction with art education and performance on art education. Second, as a result of examining the mediating effect of educational immersion in the effects of art education environment on educational satisfaction and educational performance, educational immersion had a partial mediating effect on both educational satisfaction and educational performance. Conclusions In order to enhance the effectiveness of art education that can foster creativity and convergence ability required by modern society, students perceive the inner environment of art education as interesting, such as the content of the subject, the professor's teaching method, and the evaluation of the art subject. It is thought that the most important task is to change to the direction of fair recognition. In addition, as the external environment of art education, such as equipment, teaching materials, and class atmosphere used in art education, directly affects the satisfaction and performance of learners in art education, the physical environment for art education must also be improved. 목적 본 연구는 중등학교 학습자들의 미술교육에 대한 환경의 인식이 교육만족과 교육성과에 미치는 영향과 이러한 영향관계 속에서 교육몰입의 매개효과를 규명하는 것에 목적이 있다. 방법 서울과 경기권에 소재하고 있는 중고등학교를 5곳 선정하고 각 학교의 학생 40명씩 총 200명을 연구대상으로 설정하였으며, 자가보고식 설문을 통해 2021년 8월 1일부터 8월 30일까지 총 30일간 최종적으로 수집된 자료 198부를 바탕으로 기초통계량분석을 수행하고, 주요 변수 간 상관관계 파악을 위한 상관분석을 시행하였다. 학습자의 교육만족과 교육성과에 미치는 영향, 그리고몰입의 매개효과를 파악하기 위하여 다중선형회귀분석 및 위계적 회귀분석을 시행하였으며, 독립변수 간의 상관성으로 인한 분석결과의 오류를 사전에 방지하기 위하여 다중공선성 검증 및 Durbin-Watson의 통계량을 산출하여 연구결과의 객관성을 최대한 확보하고자 하였다. 결과 첫째, 미술교육 환경을 구성하는 두 가지 하위요인인 교육의 내적 환경과 교육의 외적 환경은 학습자들의 미술교육에 대한 만족과 미술교육에 대한 성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 미술교육의 환경이 교육만족과 교육성과에 미치는 영향 속에서 교육몰입의 매개효과를 살펴 본 결과, 교육만족과 교육성과에 모두 교육몰입은 부분적 매개효과를 지니고 있었다. 결론 현대 사회가 요구하는 창의성과 융합적 능력을 길러줄 수 있는 미술교육의 효과성을 제고하기 위해서는 미술교육의 내적 환경인 교과목의 내용, 교수자의 교수 방법, 미술교과목에 대한 평가 등이 학생들이 흥미롭게 인식하고, 공정하게 인식하는 방향으로 전환되는 것이 가장 최우선 과제로 생각된다. 또한, 미술교육의 외적 환경인 미술교육에 활용되는 기자재, 수업 교구, 수업 분위기 등도미술교육에 대한 학습자들의 만족과 성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치기에 미술교과에 대한 물리적 환경도 개선될 수 있어야 한다.

특수체육 교사의 교육환경이 생활지도 효능감 및 대인관계 능력에 미치는 영향

오예림,민현주 한국리듬운동학회 2023 한국리듬운동학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study was to understand teachers’ difficulties in physical, psychological, and emotional educational environments and to examine what about an effect on the guidance efficacy and the interpersonal relationship ability through clarifying the influence in special physical education teachers’ educational environment upon the guidance efficacy and the interpersonal relationship ability. Summarizing the outcomes of this study, they are as follows. First, in the analysis of the influence in special physical education teachers’ educational environment upon guidance efficacy, the general behavioral guidance depending on educational environment appeared to have a significant effect on the physical environment and the emotional environment. Problematic behavioral guidance is being seen to have a meaningful impact on emotional environment. The student understanding and the counseling activity are being indicated to have a significant influence upon both the physical environment and the emotional environment. Second, in the analysis of the influence in special physical education teachers’ educational environment upon interpersonal relationship ability, a meaningful impact is being seen on the physical environment and the emotional environment by satisfaction according to educational environment, on the emotional environment by understanding about emotion, on the emotional environment by communication, and on the emotional environment even by openness. Third, in the analysis of a causal relationship among special physical education teachers’ educational environment, guidance efficacy and interpersonal relationship ability, the educational environment was proved to have a direct impact on the guidance efficacy and the interpersonal relationship ability. Guidance efficacy was indicated to have a direct effect on the interpersonal relationship ability.

Perception of clinical educational environment by student of physiotherapy based on the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement Questionnaire in Chile

Karen Córdova-León,Lincoyán Fernández-Huerta,Marcela Rojas-Vargas 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2019 보건의료교육평가 Vol.16 No.-

PurposeIt aimed at describing the perception of the clinical educational environment by physiotherapy students based on the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement Questionnaire in Chile. MethodsThe clinical education environment was evaluated according to the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) by 192 students originally enrolled in the fifth year of the physiotherapy career at 3 different headquarters of the academic institution: Santiago, Viña del Mar, and Concepcion Campus (Metropolitan, Valparaiso, and Bio Bio region, respectively), from March to October 2018. The Cronbach’s α was applied to measure the reliability of the instrument and the Student-t and analysis of variance tests were used to compare the differences of PHEEM scores by headquarters, environmental areas, and experience of internship. ResultsA total overall average score of 125.88 was obtained, which meant an excellent educational environment. The overall score was 127.6±22.7 for headquarters 1, 125.6±21.6 for headquarters 2, and 122.5±26.9 for headquarters 3. According to the type of establishment, the scores were of 127.1±22.1 for private and 123.5±26.3 for public institutes. According to the type of area, the score was cataloged as an excellent educational environment in all cases, except in the respiratory care area (lowest score, 117.5±29.1). Finally, the score was 126.9±20.5 for the first internship, 121.7±29.3 for the second, and 129.4±19.6 for the third. ConclusionThere is relative homogeneity of the clinical educational environment for different headquarters, types of establishment, or type of area; but there are significant differences in the number of the internship. The promotion of a good clinical educational environment can have an important impact on the development and performance of the future professional, being the detection of negative aspects an opportunity to improve the hidden curriculum.

교육환경을 고려한 도시재생 방안에 관한 연구 -대구광역시 도시재생지구 교육환경평가를 중심으로

금용필 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.11

The purpose of this study is to grasp the current domestic laws regarding the protection of educational environment, diagnose the problems through case studies and propose measures for the urban regeneration considering desirable educational environments. In this study, the correlated factors of the education and the protecting system of learning environment according to the related law in the case of reconstruction and redevelopment of the urban regeneration area in Korea are found, and the factors regarding the education and the protecting system of learning environment are analyzed by each site of reconstruction or redevelopment in the case of 7 districts in Daegu metropolitan city as a case study. As for the betterment of education and learning environment, the farther the site for urban regeneration is from education facilities, the better the education and learning environment such as noise and vibration, the right to sunshine and safe route for attending school become. In order to clarify this quantitatively, the correlated factors are found by analyzing the qualitative and quantitative factors. In addition, four proposals which should be considered and supplemented by the authorities concerned as active measures are suggested in order to improve the education and learning environment for the urban regeneration sites in Korea. 본 연구에서는 교육환경 보호에 대한 국내의 법령과 실증사례를 통한 문제점을 진단하고 바람직한 교육환경을 고려한 도시재생 적용방안에 관한 대책을 제시하는 것을 목표로 한다. 우리나라 도시재생지구인 재건축 및 재개발 시 법령에 따른 교육 및 학습환경 보호제도에 대하여 서로 간의 관련되는 상관요인을 찾고, 실증사례로 대구광역시 7개 지구를 대상으로 교육 및 학습환경에 대하여 단위 현장별로 요인들을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 교육과 학습의 환경을 증대시키기 위해서는 도시재생으로 건설되는 사업장과의 거리가 멀어질수록 소음·진동, 일조권, 안전한 통학로 등의 교육 및 학습환경은 상대적으로 증대된다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 이를 정량적 수치로 규명하기 위해 서로 간의 정성적인 요소와 정량적인 요소를 분석하여 상관요소를 찾았다. 아울러 우리나라에서 시행되는 도시재생사업장에 대한 교육 및 학습환경을 향상시키기 위한 적극적 방향으로 관계기관에서 검토하고 보완하여야 할 새로운 4가지의 제안을 구분하여 제시하였다.

Relationship among Perceived Learning Environment, Self-regulation Strategies, and Academic Engagement of Middle School Students in Physical Education Classes

( Kigyung Lee ),( Insoo Nam ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among perceived learning environment, self-regulation strategies and academic engagement of middle school students in physical education classes. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 575(boys 279, girls 296) middle school students. The data was collected using quota sampling method. The used instruments of this study were the Lyu(2013) for measuring physical education learning environment scale, Jung & Park(2013) for measuring self-regulation strategies scale, and Lee & Lee(2012) for measuring academic engagement scale. The data were analyzed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis as a statistical method. Result: First, in the relationships between physical education learning environment and self-regulation strategies, perceived challenge environment and perceived competence environment positively influenced to use of cognitive strategy but, perceived challenge environment positively influenced to self-regulation. Second, in the relationships between physical education learning environment and academic engagement, perceived challenge environment positively influenced to vigor and absorption but, perceived threat environment negatively influenced to it. And perceived challenge environment and perceived competence environment positively influenced to professional efficacy and dedication but, perceived threat environment negatively influenced to it. Third, in the relationships between self-regulation strategies and academic engagement, use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation positively influenced to vigor, professional efficacy, dedication, and absorption. Forth, self-regulation strategies had perfect mediation effector on the relationships between physical education learning environment and academic engagement in physical education. Conclusion: In conclusions, it demonstrated that perceived physical education learning environment was closely related to self-regulation strategies and academic engagement in the physical education classes. To improve the academic achievement of a student, PE teachers need to create a good learning environment that can enhance the academic engagement and, to create the teaching- learning methods that can improve students`` self-control strategies ability.

환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료를 활용한초등환경교육 교수·학습 방안 연구

전송이,이상원 한국실과교육학회 2018 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.31 No.3

The purpose of this study is to find ways to conduct teaching-learning of elementary environment education by utilizing environment-related infographic materials. For this study, the educational suitability of 50 environment-related infographic materials produced by public agencies and media companies were analyzed in terms of environmental textbooks and contents. And also the relationship between environment-related infographic materials and environmental achievement standards of 2015 revised elementary curriculum was analyzed. Based on this, this study has made concrete and practical guidelines for elementary environmental education by utilizing environment-related infographic materials. The results from the study are as follows. First, the environment-related infographics are suitable as teaching-learning materials for elementary environment education based on the environmental textbook analysis framework and the analysis of the contents of national environment education standards development. Second, the environmental achievement standards of 2015 revised elementary curriculum and environment-related infographic materials were analyzed to share the same contents in each area of national level environment education. Third, the study developed guidelines for environment-related infographic materials to be used in the introduction, development, and organization of classes. The study selected environment-related infographic materials related to environmental achievement standards of 2015 revised elementary curriculum and planned to reorganize practical arts subject for elementary environmental education. In addition, the study focused on the areas of creative experience activities for environment-related infographic materials that can be used in extracurricular activities. The teaching-learning methods for elementary environment education utilizing environment-related infographic materials presented in this study will help students achieve their goals by creating interest and motivation in the environment and increasing active participation in environmental issues. 본 연구의 목적은 환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료를 활용하여 초등환경교육의 교수·학습 실행 방안을 모색하는 데 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 환경 관련 공공기관과 언론사에서 제작한 환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료의 적합성을 교재 면과 내용면에서 분석하고, 환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료와 2015 개정교육과정 환경 관련 성취기준과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료를 활용한 초등환경교육의 지도방안을 구체화하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 환경 관련 인포그래픽은 환경 교재 분석기준과 국가 수준 환경교육 기준 개발의 내용 영역을 준거로 분석한 결과 초등환경교육을 위한 학습 자료로 적합하다. 둘째, 2015 개정교육과정의 환경 관련 성취기준과 환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료는 국가 수준 환경교육의 각 영역에서 같은 내용을 공유하는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료를 수업의 도입, 전개, 정리 단계에서 활용할 수 있도록 지도 방안을 구체화하였으며, 교과 내, 외 활동의 초등환경교육에서의 활용 방안을 모색하기 위해 초등 실과 교과 재구성 계획에 따른 교수·학습 방안을 작성하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 환경 관련 인포그래픽 자료를 활용한 초등환경교육의 교수·학습 방안은 환경에 대한 학습자의 관심과 동기를 유발하고 환경문제에의 적극적인 참여를 높여 환경교육 목표를 달성하는데 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

도서지역 청소년의 교육환경 개선방안에 관한 연구 - 교육지원기구(가칭)를 중심으로 -

서용완,이충민 한국도서(섬)학회 2020 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.32 No.1

The purpose of this study is to confirm that the educational environment in island area is relatively inferior to the educational environment in urban area, and to suggest ways to improve the education environment of the teenagers living in the island area. Article 31 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea states in paragraph 1 that all citizens have the right to education equally according to their abilities. Equal education means not only ensuring formal educational opportunities, but also ensuring that adolescents receive equally high-quality education in accordance with their individual circumstances. In other words, it means that an educational environment for adolescents should be both established and maintained where they can receive equal education without discrimination. Because of the geographical nature of islands, it is clear that inequality in education is forcing adolescents living in islands into a relatively poor educational environment. In fact, the study shows that the adolescent academic achievement in the island area is significantly behind that of the urban youth. Inequality in education between urban and island areas is becoming more and more profound. Despite the enactment and enforcement of the Book and Wallpaper Education Promotion Act in 1967, the establishment of a special project to improve the educational environment, and the policy to support education in island regions, such inequality is intensifying. Some have pointed out that they have not even yet been fully implemented. An interview with a teacher working at a school in an island area confirms that the school's facilities have been significantly improved through modernization. However, it is pointed out that after school, the environment for education, career, and leisure for young people is not far from the primitive level. Most island teenagers spend time playing games or watching You-tube after school. After school, young people claim that nothing exists but neglection. Now, when investing in facilities or facilities, it is necessary to prepare a plan for appropriately injecting specialized human resources into counseling and activities for teachers and teenagers with education, and to establish and implement institutional devices for practical use. Therefore, this study comprehensively examines and confirms the problems of the current educational environment in the island area, and suggests the establishment of an educational support organization as a way to subsequently improve them. 이 연구는 도서지역의 교육환경이 도시지역의 교육환경에 비해서 상대적으로 열악한 상황이라는 점을 확인하고 도서지역에 거주하는 청소년의 교육환경을 개선하기 위한 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 대한민국 헌법 제31조는 제1항에서 모든 국민은 능력에 따라 균등하게 교육을 받을 권리를 가진다고 명시하고 있다. 균등한 교육은 형식적인 교육의 기회를 보장하는 것뿐만 아니라 실질적으로 청소년이 놓인 개별적인 상황에 따라 맞추어 양질의 교육을 균등하게 받을 수 있도록 보장해야 함을 의미한다. 즉 청소년 누구나 차별 받지 않고 균등한 교육을 받을 수 있는 교육환경을 설치·유지해야 함을 의미한다. 도서지역이라는 지리적 특성 때문에 도서지역에 거주하는 청소년이 상대적으로 열악한 교육환경에 놓이도록 하는 것은 분명한 교육의 불평등이다. 실제 연구결과에도 도서지역의 청소년 학업성취도가 도시지역 청소년에 비해 상대적으로 현저하게 뒤처지는 것으로 나타나 있다. 도시지역과 도서지역 간의 교육의 불평등이 점점 더 심화되고 있는 경향이다. 1967년에 도서·벽지 교육진흥법을 제정·시행하고, 교육환경개선을 위한 특별사업의 신설과 도서지역의 교육을 지원하는 정책을 시행하였음에도 이처럼 불평등이 오히려 심화되는 것은 도서지역의 특수성을 제대로 반영한 정책들이 시행되지 못하였다는 지적도 있다. 이에 따라 현재 도서지역의 교육환경에 대한 문제점을 종합적으로 검토하고 확인하고자 하였다. 그리고 이에 개선방안으로서 교육지원기구의 설치 등을 제시하고자 하였다. 도서지역의 학교에서 근무하는 교사와의 인터뷰를 통해 학교 시설 및 설비 등은 현대화 사업을 통해 상당 수준으로 환경이 개선된 것으로 확인되고 있다. 그러나 방과후에 청소년들을 위한 교육, 진로, 여가 등을 위한 환경은 원시의 수준에서 벗어나지 못 하고 있다는 점이 지적되고 있다. 도서지역 청소년의 대부분이 방과 후에 게임을 하거나 유튜브(You tube)를 보는 것으로 시간을 보낸다. 방과 후에 청소년들은 ‘방치되는 것이다 다름없다’는 주장이다. 이제는 시설이나 설비에 투자하는 시점에서 교육경험이 풍부한 교원 및 청소년 상담과 활동에 전문성을 갖춘 인력자원을 적절히 투입할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고 이의 실질적인 이행을 위한 제도적 장치 등을 마련하고 실천하는 것에 중점을 두어야 할 시점이다. 도서지역의 시설 및 설비 등 물적 교육환경은 현대화가 상당 수준으로 진행되었으나 여전히 교육인적자원의 부재는 해소되지 못하고 있다. 또한 각 도서지역의 상황에 맞게 정책적으로 방향을 잡아야 할 것이다. 이를 지방자치제도의 장점을 살려 각 지방의회에서 해당지역에 알맞은 조례를 제정하여 주민들의 정책적 요구를 반영하고 이를 실현시킬 수 있도록 방안을 제시하였다. 그리고 지방자치단체에서 법적근거에 따른 기구의 설치 ·운영은 도서지역 내외에 유관 공공 및 민간 기관의 협력체계를 갖추는 데에도 많은 도움이 될 것으로 본다.