조립식 블록완구의 형태 결정 요인

고정욱 한국기초조형학회 2016 기초조형학연구 Vol.17 No.5

본 연구는 놀이와 교육을 목적으로 하는 조립식 조형 창작용 블록 제품을 대상으로 기초 조형학 관점에서 형태와 구조의 형식에 중점을 두고 있다. 조립식 블록완구는 조형 창작물 구성을 위한 부품으로서의 기능과 부품 간 연속적 결합 구조를 가져야 하는 조형 규칙성을 바탕으로 하기에 기초 조형원리의 적용 가능성이 높은 제품이다. 이에 연구의 목적은 형태에 의한 기능 구현 패러다임으로서 조립식 블록완구의 보편적인 형태 결정 요인을 제시 한 것이다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 조립식 블록완구의 개념, 국내 현황, 창의성과 놀이도구, 기초 조형 개념과 원리를 고찰하였다. 둘째, 현존 조립식 블록완구의 목록과 특성을 조사하였으며, 관련 특허출원 내용을 분석하였다. 이를 통해서 조립식 블록완구는 ‘모듈 제품 자체의 형태와 모듈 제품 간 연결을 위한 형태적 구조를 주요 특성으로 다룬다.’는 점과 ‘차별 우위를 위해 보다 다양한 조형 구현 가능성을 제안한다.’는 점을 발견하였다. 셋째, 특허 출원 청구 내용 키워드와 선행연구의 연결 패러다임을 근거로 친화도법을 활용하여 기존 조립식 블록완구 110종의 형태적 차별성을 분석하였다. 이러한 연구결과로 조립식 블록완구에 대한 13개 형태 결정 요인 (소재, 물성, 크기, 모듈 형태, 연출 조형구조, 이음새 여부, 결합 동작 여부, 결합방식, 결합 구조 형식, 결합 가능 면, 결합 방향, 기본 모듈 종류, 구성 품)과 각 요인별 유형을 도출하였다. 이러한 분석체계를 기존 조립식 블록완구에 적용하여 기초 조형원리 활용성을 분석하였다. 이에 본 연구는 창의성 증진 효과가 검증된 블록완구의 발전적 연구와 학술 측면에서 기초 조형 활용성 연구에 도움이 되기를 바란다. This study, on the aspect of basic formatives, focuses on the form and structure of prefabricated block toys that can serve an amusement and educational purpose. Prefabricated block toy is highly applicable to principles of basic formatives since the toy is based on the formative regularity, which requires the consecutive bond structure between modules. Therefore, there is high potentiality to apply principles of basic formatives on this product. The purpose of the study proposes universal factors determining the form of prefabricated block toys for the paradigm of implementing functions caused by forms. To achieve the purpose, firstly, it is researched into principles and concepts of basic formatives, concepts, domestic status, creativity and play tools of prefabricated block toys. Secondly, the features of existing prefabricated block toys and relevant patent applications is researched and analyzed. The study should facilitate to i)find out that a prefabricated block toy has major characteristics of the morphologic structure for connecting module products and the form of a module product itself and to ii)suggest the possibility of implementing various formatives to have a differential advantage. Thirdly, the formative differentiation of existing 110 kinds of prefabricated block toys is analyzed by utilizing an affinity diagramming on the basics of the connection paradigms and key-words of patent claims. Accordingly, Thirteen universal factors determining the form was drew such as material types, physical properties, size, form of module, from structure to creative, there is a connector or not, jointed motions types. extended connecting types, connecting structure types, possible sides for connecting, connected direction, quantity of basic modules, sets for the goods, and types by each factors was also deduced. The research is applied on the analysis system to existing prefabricated block toys to analyze the capability to utilize principles of basic formatives. It is expected that the study could be helpful to research the block toys which the effective boosting creativity is verified, and to explore the capability to utilize basic formatives on the academic aspect.

아동을 위한 승용(乘用) 블록 완구 디자인 개발

유승환,유보현 한국상품문화디자인학회 2022 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.70 No.-

This study classified toys into block toys and car toys, identified pros and cons, integrated them, and investigated children's play behavior and effects through literature, suggesting design alternatives with improved advantages of block toys and car toys. Through product analysis of blocks and car toys, it was possible to identify prior technologies and key keywords, and it was confirmed that improvements to toys currently on the market and diversity of play were required. The product development improved the utilization of space and diversity of play methods to induce children to be interested in play, and the material was developed as a fixed passenger toy considering eco-friendly factors using wood. The significance of this study was that first, the characteristics of block toys and riding toys were integrated to suggest improved usability, second, the formation of a habit of organizing them along with the function of play in the process of decomposition and assembly, and third, it was easy to store and distribute them when not in use. As a future task of this study, we hope that this paper will help develop various block toys and passenger toys in the future along with product improvement through usability testing in kindergartens or childcare facilities. 본 연구는 완구를 블록 완구와 승용 완구로 분류하여 장 단점 및 특성을 파악하여 이를 통합하고 아동의 놀이행태와 효과를 문헌을 통해 조사하여 사용성 측면에서 블록 완구와 승용 완구의 장점과 기존 완구의 단점이 개선된 디자인 대안을 제시하였다. 블록과 승용 완구의 제품분석을 통해 선행 기술과 주요 키워드를 파악할 수 있었으며 현재 시판되고 있는 완구에 대한 개선과 놀이의 다양성이 요구되고 있음을 확인하였다. 제품 개발은 공간의 활용성과 놀이 방법의 다양성을 개선하여 아동이 놀이에 흥미를 느낄 수 있도록 유도하였으며, 재질은 목재를 사용하여 친환경적 요소를 고려한 고정형 승용 완구로 개발하였다. 본 연구의 의의로는 첫째, 블록 완구와 승용 완구의 특성을 통합하여 사용성 측면에서 개선된 디자인을제시하였고 둘째, 아이들이 분해 조립의 과정에서 놀이의 기능과 더불어 정리하는 습관 형성을 유도하였으며 셋째, 사용하지 않을 때 판재 형태를 통해 보관과 유통이 용이하도록 하였다. 본 연구의 향후 과제로 유치원이나 보육 시설에서의 사용성 테스트를 통해 제품 개선과 더불어 본 논문이 향후 다양한 블록 완구, 승용 완구의 개발에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

Design Research of Rice Husk Building Block Toy Based on Mtise Tenon Structure

Hanyi Lin KOREA INSTITUTE FOR HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2024 Journal of Arts and Cultural Studies(ACS) Vol.3 No.1

Background: At present, many kinds of building block toys are available on the market and most of them are made of small wooden blocks played by children alone. Parents can not always accompany their children while playing, which exposes them to the danger of swallowing the toy. Nowadays, with the country’s increasing prosperity, traditional culture is vigorously promoted to improve cultural confidence. A part of this culture includes “Mortise and Tenon” structure. Currently, there are few cases of applying mortise and tenon structures to building block toys. Rice husk material is used in the product composition that has the characteristics of high resistance to natural degradation, and it is not a threat if children accidentally swallow the toy. Objective: From the perspective of children's safety, this paper examine and analyzes the current building block toys, and innovates from the two aspects of structure and materials to better protect the children, and at the same time, to inherit and preserve the traditional Chinese culture. Methods: The current literature on building block toys was analyzed to understand the importance of building blocks for children's education, and then the materials was compared and analyzed to determine how different types of building blocks affect children's safety. Finally, the case study was carried out on children's building blocks to analyze how to include mortise and tenon structure with toys and use safer building blocks materials. Results: Through the innovation of building block material and structure, such as edible rice husk material, mortise and tenon structure, as well as parent-child interaction, the design was completed with an eye toward children’s safety and enhancing both the parent-child relationship while using building block toys. Conclusions: 1) Children's safety as the main focus; 2) Using mortise and tenon structure to increase parent-child interaction; 3) The use of rice husk material to make building block toys more eco-friendly and safe. Using the aforementioned three aspects will serve as as the innovation points in the designs of building block toys that are more ideal for children.

다중 소재 호환과 기술 접목형 영유아 블록 완구 디자인

조윤호 한국인더스트리얼디자인학회 2019 산업디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.4

Toys, which are now being marketed, are manufactured centered on TV series, and their role in the social influencer through SNS becomes important. In addition, various technology combining toy products by eco-friendly issues and technical competition are being released. Of them all, the toddler's building game plays an important part in the physical coordination and cognitive-developmental side of brain by using the blocks. However, in case of big building-blocks-toys which are on sale, it is impossible to adjust the difficulties by the problems in storability and safety, and economic·social burden according to the growth and single layer. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. This study was to do compatibility by applying the multi-material according to the growth, and to design technology combining building-blocks-toys in which the childcare provider could participate. Especially, this study was to develop the tube type blocks for the safety at the toddler stage, and to manufacture it as combined unit which could embed the advanced block unit and application component with the compatibility, leading to EVA and wood materials. In the theoretical research, this study was to investigate the conceptual level of figure, focused on the toddlers' physical developmental characteristics and cognitive developmental characteristics related to the formativeness. And in the design development process, this study was to establish the direction of design through the market analysis of the existing products, properties of blocks which were being released, and field monitoring. In addition, this study was to produce the prototype through 3D design and prototype test of each unit. In this process, this researcher could find out the discrimination from the blocks which are now being distributed, and the limitations and improvements could be found through various material properties and manufacturing process. To conclude, this researcher expects that this study will be helpful to the development of the safe and new concepts of blocks for the toddlers as empirical study on the development of designing the building-blocks-toys in the future. 현재 시판되고 있는 완구들은 TV시리즈물을 중심으로 제작되고 있으며, SNS를 통한 소셜 인플루언서의 역할이 점점 중요해지고 있다. 또한, 친환경 이슈와 국내외 기술 경쟁에 의해 다양한 기술접목형 완구제품들이 꾸준히 출시되고 있다. 그 가운데 영유아의 대형블록을 이용한 쌓기 놀이는 신체적 협응과 뇌의 인지발달 측면에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 현재 판매 중인 대형블록 완구는 보관성, 안전성의 문제와 성장에 따른 경제적·사회적 부담, 단순 적층에 따른 난이도 조절이 불가능하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 성장에 따른 난이도를 다중 소재로 적용하여 호환 가능하도록 하였으며, 보육자의 참여를 유도하는 기술접목형 블록 완구를 디자인하였다. 특히 영유아 단계의 안전을 위해 튜브형 블록을 제안하였으며, EVA, 나무 소재로 이어지는 호환 가능한 진화형 블록 유닛과 전장부품을 내장할 수 있는 결합 유닛으로 세분화하였다. 먼저 영유아의 신체적 발달특성 및 조형과 관련한 인지적 발달특성을 중점적으로 도형의 개념 수준을 이론적으로 먼저 살펴보았다. 이를 바탕으로 기존 제품의 시장 분석과 출시되고 있는 블록들의 특성 및 현장 모니터링을 통해 디자인 방향을 설정하였다. 디자인 개발과정은 각 유닛의 3D 설계, 프로토타입 테스트를 거쳐 시제품을 제작하였으며, 현재 유통되고 있는 블록과의 차별성을 위한 에어블록을 중심으로 단계적 성장에 따라 다양한 소재의 블록 호환을 제시하였다. 개발과정에서 재질 특성과 제작 공정의 한계점 및 개선점을 확인하는 대형 블록 완구 개발의 실증적 연구를 진행하였다.

블록 장난감 형상으로 이루어진 입체상표의 식별력판단에 대한 고찰 - 대법원 2014. 10. 15. 선고 2012후3800 판결을 중심으로 -

정태호 경북대학교 IT와 법연구소 2015 IT와 법 연구 Vol.0 No.11

Article 6(1) 3 of the Trademark Act states that “trademark registration may be granted, except a trademark falling under the following subparagraph: any trademark consisting solely of a mark indicating in a common way the shape(including the shape of the package) of the goods”. And Article 6(2) of the Act states that “Even though a three-dimensional mark falls under Article 6(1) 3 of the Act, if whose goods it indicates in connection with a person’s business is remarkably recognized among consumers as a result of using the trademark before the application for trademark registration, the mark may be registered, with goods using such trademark designated“. In general, a three-dimensional mark has not been often registered based on non-distinctiveness and determining distinctiveness of the mark was very difficult practically because definite legal principles of determination on distinctiveness of a three-dimensional mark were not previously established in Korea. But Supreme Court of Korea’s recent decision(Supreme Court Decision 2012Hu3800 Decided October 15, 2014; hereinafter “the subject decision”) concerns important legal principles related to determining distinctiveness of a three-dimensional mark composed of the shape of a toy block. The subject decision held that in this case on the shape of a toy block, Article 6(1) 3 of the Trademark Act applies where a three-dimensional mark is regarded to indicate the general shape of a toy block in question and the registration of a three-dimensional mark which has acquired distinctiveness through use, prescribed under Article 6(2) of the Act, is not acceptible when the shape of the goods has not been actually used as indicating source of the goods. In several countries including Japan, US and EU, definite legal principles of determination on distinctiveness of a three-dimensional mark have been already established based on many decisions of courts. In case of studying main trends of legal principles of determination on distinctiveness in Japan, US and EU, we find that courts have decided that most of three-dimensional marks didn’t have intrinsic distinctiveness but have finally decided on trademark registration based on whether having acquired distinctiveness through use or not. In conclusion, I think that the above legal principles of determination on distinctiveness of a three-dimensional mark and acquired distinctiveness through use in the subject decision is proper in several aspects and it will be reasonable that the above legal principles are considered in determining distinctiveness of a three-dimensional mark in courts of Korea from now on.

스토리텔링 기반의 아동용 스마트토이 프로그램 개발을 위한 탐색연구

이병호(Byungho Lee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.13

The purpose of this study was explore the development of S-Block based smart toy program, focusing on age-group-5 children. S-Block is a unique system integrating IOT and existing Lego block system. S-Block encourages children to expand the traditional block play in classroom. The researcher developed a S-Block based smart toy program focusing on storytelling approach, which enables children to experience logico-mathematical knowledge and skills. The program model was developed and modified from literature review, teacher interview, and expert consultation from June 2014 to August, 2015. The researcher conducted a field test and evaluation from August 2015 to October 2016. The final program encourages children to 1) approach IOT without difficulty using storytelling approach, 2) actively participate in a developmentally appropriate IOT based curriculum, and 3) expand the knowledge & perspective on IOT ecology. Current program could be used as a resource for future research and program development.

흥미영역의 통합이 남,여 유아의 또래 간 상호작용과 놀이감 사용에 미치는 영향 -쌓기놀이 영역과 역할놀이 영역을 중심으로-

전영아 ( Young Ah Jun ),전홍주 ( Hong Ju Jun ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2013 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 유아교육기관 실내 흥미영역의 통합이 남·여 유아 간 상호작용과 놀이감 사용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구대상은 D광역시에 소재한 H유치원에 재원 중인 만 4세 2학급의 유아 50명이었으며 쌓기놀이 영역과 역할놀이 영역을 통합한 실험집단 한 학급, 두 영역의 공간을 분리한 통제집단 한 학급에서 관찰을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 남녀에 따른 또래 상호작용과 놀이감 사용을 알아보기 위하여 각 집단에 속한 남녀의 각 하위 영역별 빈도를 산출하여 평균과 표준편차를 산출한 뒤 t검정을 통해 남녀의 놀이를 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과, 두 영역을 분리시킨 통제집단보다 쌓기놀이 영역과 역할놀이 영역이 통합된 실험집단에서 이성과의 상호작용이 더욱 활발하게 이루어졌으며 이성의 선호 놀이감을 더 많이 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 쌓기놀이 영역과 역할놀이 영역 사이의 장애물을 제거한 물리적 환경이 놀이에서의 성역할 고정관념을 완화시키는 물리적 환경이 될 수 있음을 시사해 준다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interest area integration on the peer interaction and toy use by gender in the early childhood education institutions. The data were collected from 50 children aged 4 in H kindergarten located in D city. 25 children were in the experimental group where the barrier between block area and dramatic play area was removed and 25 children were in the comparison group where block area and dramatic play area were separated. Mean and standard deviation of each category by gender were calculated and the gender difference was verified by t-test. As a result, the peer interaction with counter-gender friends in the experiment group was more active than in the comparison group, and children in the experiment group used more toys of counter-gender than in the comparison group. The results of this study implicated that the physical environment removing barriers between the block area and the dramatic play area, could be an environment which could lower the gender role stereotypes.

유아의 두뇌ㆍ정서 발달을 위한 블록완구의 색채 시스템 연구 -3-5세 유아의 색채심리를 중심으로-

하용훈,박교영 한국브랜드디자인학회 2006 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.4 No.1

비전인식 나무블록 놀이에 의한 휴머노이드형 로봇 댄스

심한수,하지훈,오윤석,천상현,권창현 한국감성과학회 2013 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.-

레고 블록을 활용한 초등학교 과학 교수학습 프로그램 개발 및 적용

이정헌,권난주 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2015 교육논총 Vol.35 No.2

Although areas of motion and energy is a difficult part for students of concrete operational stage and so require detailed experiments based on each individual student, it is not applicable in the field. In order for the students to enjoy learning the motion and energy area and deepen their understanding through utilizing scientific concepts in everyday life, this study proposed to use blocks in elementary education of motion and energy area. Within the motion and energy area, sections “objects and velocity” from fifth grade second semester and “energy and tools” from sixth grade second semester were chosen, and the usual activities were replaced with blocks; four times for fifth grade and six times for sixth grade. Of this, curriculums were reconstructed for six curriculums of “energy and tools” of sixth grade second semester, and lesson plans and program materials developed were developed for three. As a result, it was seen that there were improvements with students’ interest and eagerness to learn science. 운동과 에너지 영역은 구체적 조작기의 학생들에게는 어려운 부분이어서 학생 수준에 맞게 구체적인 실험이 필요하지만 현장에서는 어려운 실정이다. 이 연구는 학생들이 운동과 에너지 영역의 수업을 재미있게 배우고 과학적 개념을 일상생활에 접목하여 더 깊이 이해할 수 있도록 초등학교 운동과 에너지 영역 교육에 레고 블록을 활용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 운동과 에너지 영역 중에서 5학년 2학기 ‘물체와 속력’ 6학년 2학기 ‘에너지와 도구’단원을 선정, 5학년 4차시, 6학년 6차시의 기존활동을 레고를 이용한 활동으로 대체하였으며, 이 중 6학년 2학기 ‘에너지와 도구’ 6차시의 교육과정 재구성, 3차시 분량의 수업 지도안과 교수학습 자료를 개발하였다. 그 결과 학생들의 과학에 대한 흥미도와 학습 의욕이 개선되었음을 알 수 있었다.