평안도 방언 연구사 검토

임선우 한국방언학회 2022 방언학 Vol.- No.35

The purpose of this article is to review the studies that discussed the Pyeongan-do dialect to confirm the research results of the Pyeongan-do dialect and to examine future research tasks. The characteristics of Pyeongan-do dialect research can be largely classified based on three criteria: region, subfield of linguistics, and data. First, the dialect of Pyeongan-do is concentrated on the study of the dialects of Uiju, Cheolsan, Chosan, and Pyongyang, and other regions have been studied mainly in the dialects of the border with China. In addition, Pyeongan-do dialect is focused on the study of phonetic and phonological categories due to the characteristics of dialect research, and there were not many studies of syntactic and semantic categories. Lastly, in the case of direct investigation, there were the most discussions on investigating people living in China, and in the case of referring to existing data, only limited data such as the ≪Corean Primer≫ were referred. In the future, studies using North Korean defectors' survey data, such as the comparison between the latest Pyeongan-do dialect obtained through the North Korean defectors' survey and the data on displaced people, should be conducted. 이 글은 평안도 방언을 논의한 연구들을 검토하여 그동안의 평안도 방언의 연구 성과를 확인하고, 향후 연구 과제를 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 평안도 방언 연구의 특징은 크게 지역, 언어학의 하위 분야, 자료의 세 가지를 기준으로 하여 분류할 수 있다. 먼저, 평안도 방언은 의주, 철산, 초산, 평양 방언 연구에 집중되어 있으며, 그 외 지역은 중국 접경지역의 방언 위주로 연구되었다. 또한 평안도 방언은 방언 연구 특성상 음성·음운 범주 연구에 집중되어 있고, 통사, 의미 범주의 연구는 많지 않았다. 마지막으로 제보자를 직접 조사하는 경우 중국 거주민을 조사한 논의가 제일 많았고, 기존에 있는 자료를 참고하는 경우에는 ≪Corean Primer≫등 한정적인 자료만이 참고되었다. 향후에는 북한이탈주민 조사를 통해 얻은 최신의 평안도 방언과 실향민을 조사한 자료 간의 비교 등 북한이탈주민 조사 자료를 활용한 연구들이 진행되어야 한다.

평안도(平安道) 서해안(西海岸) 방언(方言)의 지칭어(指稱語)ㆍ호칭어(呼稱語) 연구(硏究) - 용천(龍川)ㆍ의주(義州)(평북(平北))와 문덕(文德)ㆍ안주(安州)(평남(平南))를 중심으로 -

양오진 ( Yang O-jin ),황대화 ( Huang Da-hua ),김현주 ( Kim Hyun-ju ) 한국어문교육연구회 2008 어문연구 Vol.36 No.2

This paper has three aims. One is to show referring-terms and address-terms of two northwestern coastal dialects of Korean peninsula. On the basis of this, to compare these two regional dialectal data is another. And to compare this paper's data with related researches is the other. And of these, to introduce the new data is of the most importance. A major significance of this paper is that the material investigated here was collected directly in North Korea. One of us took part in this dialectal survey. The two regions are located in northern parts of Pyeonganbuk-do and Pyeongannam-do. And in each region, two towns are selected: Yongcheon and Uiju in Pyeonganbuk-do, and Mundeok and Anju in Pyeongannam-do. Two regional dialects are somehow similar and somehow different. In this article, we try to show such things roughly. For materials' qualitative differences, there are some differences between this paper's descriptions and previous literatures' descriptions. These are also listed in the article.

북한 문화어의 어두 ㄹ, ㄴ 규정을 통해서 본 언어 정체성 구축과 차별화 방식 연구

안미애 ( Ahn Mi-ae ),홍미주 ( Hong Mi-joo ),백두현 ( Paek Doo-hyeon ) 한국문학언어학회 2018 어문론총 Vol.76 No.-

The objectives of this study are to examine why the phenomenon of ㄷ palatalization arises in contemporary Standard North Korean language despite the actual pronunciation of the Pyeongan dialect spoken in the vicinity of Pyeongyang, and to understand why spelling rules regarding word-initial ㄹ and ㄴ have recently been included in language policy[in socio-linguistic aspects]. Previously, the language policy of Standard North Korean rejected unrealized ㄷ palatalization, which is one of the characteristics of the Pyeongan dialect. North Korean language policy has now introduced a new rule to realize ㄹand ㄴin word-initial position. Such a rule stands in marked contrast with the rule of word initials, one of the strongest rules in the Korean language. This study suggests that the motive of North Korea for introducing the realization of word-initial ㄹand ㄴas a rule is underpinned by one crucial extra-linguistical factor, namely the ‘linguistic discrimination to construct linguistic identity’. In other words, to establish its own linguistic identity, North Korea sought to diverge linguistically from South Korea. The motive for implementing the realization of word-initial ㄹ and ㄴ parallels the one for rejecting the realization of the ㄷ palatalization by the Pyeongan dialect speakers during Chosun dynasty. Thus, in order to ensure the implementation of such new rules, North Korea has repeatedly revised the rules of Standard North Korean since 1948 and consistently promoted their language policy. As a result, the implementation of the rule regarding word-initial ㄹ and ㄴ can be considered as the most significant difference between contemporary Munhwa-eo and Standard North Korean.

언어 접촉과 모음 변화-부산 거주 평안도 출신 화자의 모음 포먼트 분석을 중심으로-

이옥희 한국문학언어학회 2020 어문론총 Vol.85 No.-

The study aimed to examine whether there is a change in the sound value of the single vowel phoneme in the speaker when language contact occurs. We looked at whether the change was influenced by the dialect that constitutes a language community and what caused it. For this study, the vowel pronunciation of speakers from Pyeongan-do, who has been living in Busan, were analyzed acoustically. The analysis results were as follows. First, the monophthong system of the speaker from Pyeongan-do, Busan, was the eight-monophthong system of /i, e, u, o, a/. The monophthong/e/ and /ɛ/, /ə/ and /o/ are in the mergering process and cross the six the monophthong system. Second, the combination of /ɛ/ and /e/ was more active in South Pyongan Province, and the informant of North Pyongan Province had a clear distinction between the two vowels. Third, the degree of merger /ə/ and /o/, merger /ɨ/and /o/ was weaker than the joining phenomenon of the Pyeongando vowel reported in the previous discussion. This may be a result of language contact due to the structural influence of the Busan local language monophthong system. 이 연구는 언어 접촉이 일어날 때 유입된 화자의 단모음 음소의 음가에 변화가 있는지를 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 그 변화가 언어 공동체를 구성하고 있는 방언의 영향을 받은 것인지 알아보고 원인이 무엇인지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 부산 지역에 거주하는 평안도 출신 화자의 단모음을 음향음성학적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째, 부산 거주 평안도 출신 화자는 /ㅣ, ㅔ, ㅐ, ㅡ, ㅓ, ㅏ, ㅜ, ㅗ/의 8단모음 체계를 보인다. 하지만 /ㅔ/와 /ㅐ/, /ㅓ/와 /ㅗ/는 합류 과정 중에 있어서 6단모음 체계를 보이기도 한다. 둘째, /ㅐ/와 /ㅔ/의 합류 현상은 평안남도가 더 활발했고, 평안북도 제보자는 두 모음을 뚜렷하게 구분했다. 셋째, /ㅓ/와 /ㅗ/, /ㅡ/와 /ㅗ/의 합류 정도성은 기존 논의에서 보고된 평안도 모음의 합류 현상보다 약했으며, 이는 부산 지역어의 단모음 체계 내 구조적 영향에 의한 언어 접촉의 결과로 추정된다.

백석의 작품을 통해 본 정주 지역어의 음운현상에 대한 고찰

송미영 한국언어문학회 2024 한국언어문학 Vol.126 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the phonological phenomena shown in Baek Seok's literary works. Baek Seok(1912~1996) who was born in Ikseong-dong, Galsan-myeon, Jeongju-gun of Pyeonganbuk-do in 1912, graduated from Osan Primary School and Osan High School. After going through the writing practice period, he made his debut as a writer by winning the prize in the Chosun Ilbo New-Year Literary Contest in 1930. After graduating from the Dept. of English in Cheongsan School of Tokyo, he started working as a proofreading reporter of Chosun Ilbo from the following year(1935). For about three years from 1936, he worked as a teacher of Yeongsaeng High School of Hamheung. After the liberation, he moved from his hometown Jeongju to Yanggang-do near Amnok River. Before he passed away in 1996, he cultivated literary people there. Baek Seok published his poetical works Deer in 1936. By following Irish novelist James Augustine Aloysius Joyce who aimed to protect his mother tongue under the British colonization, he utilized proper nouns and sensory words using Pyeongan-do dialect. Except for several native words, the initial law and palatalization were not mostly applied. While the front-vowelization was rarely applied, the high-vowelization was realized into ‘ㅗ > ㅜ’ and ‘ㅓ> ㅡ’, and the umlaut was realized into ‘ㅏ>ㅐ’ and ‘ㅓ>ㅔ’. In most cases, the vowel harmony was not followed while there was the vowel addition for the formation of rules. Such phonological phenomena not only show the characteristics of Jeongju dialect of Pyeonganbuk-do, but also show the renovated form according to the progressive assimilation of each dialect area.

부산 거주 평안도 화자의 문장 억양 패턴 연구

이옥희 ( Lee Ok-hee ) 우리어문학회 2024 우리어문연구 Vol.78 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to examine the types of sentence intonation of informants from Pyeongan Province living in Busan by dividing them into final endings, elevations, and strong phrases, and organize the types. The results are as follows. In the markers of declarative type, M%, L%, HL%, ML%, LM%, LHL%, HL%, HL% and HLH%, HL% were shown. In the markers questionable type, H%, M%, L%, HL%, ML%, LM%, HLH% were shown. In the markers of command type, L%, ML% was shown. ML% was in the requesttype. In addition, even in the case of the same vocabulary, there is a difference in vocabulary tone and intonation. And in the case of the ventral gate, accentual phrase including the connecting end becomes an Ha or shows an MLa.

평안도 방언 연구의 회고와 전망

정의향 한국방언학회 2019 방언학 Vol.0 No.30

본고는 그동안 이루어진 평안도 방언 연구 성과를 음운, 문법, 어휘로 나누어 주제별로 살펴보고 향후에 이루어질 평안도 방언 연구의 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 한국어 방언 연구가 오랜 전통을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 분단으로 인하여 평안도 방언의 조사와 연구는 그리 활발하지 못했다. 분단 이후에는 평안도 출신의 연구자들의 연구가 주를 이루었고 이후에는 평안도 출신의 실향민을 대상으로 한 연구가 부분적으로 이루어졌다. 한중 수교 이후 재중동포들을 대상으로 한 연구가 본격적으로 이루어져 평안도 방언에 대한 연구 성과를 어느 정도 볼 수 있었다. 지금까지 평안도 방언에 대한 연구사를 살펴보면 주로 역사적 발전을 추적하기 위한 음운사적인 것에 대한 연구, 공시적인 체계나 구조를 밝히는 연구, 음운체계와 음운규칙에 대한 정밀한 분석, 그리고 음운과정에 대한 연구, 나아가 문법에서의 문법형태 특히 선어말 어미와 종결어미 형태들의 통사 기능과 의미 특성에 초점을 두어 연구했다는 것을 알 수 있다. This paper is to examine the research result of the Pyeongan dialect, and suggest the direction of research from now on. Although the research of the Korean dialect has a long history, it is not animated because of the divided country Korean Peninsula. After the division, the native of the Pyeonganbecame to the main force of the research. Since then the native of the Pyeongan became to the object of study. After the establish diplomatic tieswith China, we can find some research result which aimed for the overseas Koreans in China. If we examine the history of literary research of the Pyeongan dialect, we can know most of the research are the phoneme, vocal sound system, phoneme process and the ending of the form.