「도시미화법」을 통해 본 김정은 체제 도시공간정책 의 변화 양상에 관한 연구

강연주,권영상 한국도시설계학회 2019 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.20 No.6

Kim Jong-un’s regime emphasizes the construction of a city to forge the Socialism-Fairyland, but the landscape of Pyongyang under the reign of Kim Jong-un is very similar to what we see in the capitalist cities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of urban spatial policy based on the Socialism-Fairyland envisioned by the Kim Jong-un regime. This study analyzes the composition of the Urban Beautification Act, which was enacted when the reign of Kim Jong-un commenced, and confirmed that Kim Il-sung’s instruction emphasizes on the importance of urban management led to the enactment of the Urban Beautification Act. The Act stresses the importance of the city’s visual image, the green spaces, and entertainment facilities, and related urban spatial policies actively carried out. Kim Jong-un’s regime also seems to be using the Socialism-Fairyland as political propaganda while maintaining the characteristics of a socialist city. This study has limitations when it comes to discussing the changes of urban spatial policy in Kim Jong-un regime, as they are based solely on laws. However, it is meaningful that Kim Jong-un’s regime has identified some features of urban spatial policy through the Urban Beautification Act, which was enacted for the purpose of realizing this Socialism-Fairyland. 김정은 체제는 사회주의선경을 만들기 위한 도시 건설을 강조하고 있으나, 김정은 집권 이후의 평양은 자본주의 도시의 경관과 크게 다르지 않다. 본 연구는 김정은 체제가 강조하는 ‘사회주의선경이란 무엇인가’에 대한 질문을 토대로 김정은 체제 도시공간정책의 변화 양상을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 김정은 집권 직후에 채택된 「도시미화법」을 중심으로 관련 법령의 흐름과 구성, 내용을 분석하고, 도시관리의 중요성을 강조한 김일성의 교시가 「도시미화법」을 포함한 관련 법령의 채택으로 이어졌음을 확인하였다. 각 법령은 특히 도시미관, 원림화, 공원과유원지를 중복적으로 강조하고 있으며, 이와 관련된 도시공간정책이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한, 김정은 체제는 김일성과 김정일 시대를 계승하면서 체제의 유지ㆍ강화를 위해 ‘사회주의선경’을 정치적으로 선전ㆍ선동하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 법이라는 문헌자료만을 바탕으로 연구를 진행한 한계가 있으나, 사회주의선경의 조성을 목적으로 제정된 「도시미화법」을 통해 김정은 체제 도시공간정책의 변화 양상을 파악하였다는데 의의가 있다.

김정은의 홀로서기와 “백두산 칼바람”,최첨단 돌파”의 과제 -『조선문학』 소재 북한소설을 중심으로

박태상 ( Tai Sang Park ) 단국대학교 한국문화기술연구소 2016 한국문화기술 Vol.20 No.-

2015 is evaluated historically a very important time for both North and South Korea since the 70th year of division. Especially, in respect of North Korea, 2015 is the first year for Kim Jong Un, the chairman of the National Defense Committee to show his own politics in earnest, finishing ruling with dying instruction 3 years after his father, Jong-il Kim, died. Kim Jong Un directly announced ``New Year`s Address of trying Standing-alone,`` selecting his grandfather, Kim Il Sung`s style rather than his farther, Jong-il Kim`s reclusive style. What he put the most emphasis on in the New Year`s Address was ``Piercing Wind of Baedusan`` and ``Revolutionary Spirit of Baedu.`` Renewedly, he pointed out that 5 kinds of culture ``greatness culture``, Kim Jong-il patriotism culture, faith culture, anti-class culture, ethics culture` should be intensified. In the New Year`s Address, Kim Jong Un suggested ``Piercing Wind of Baekdusan`` as a big slogan and emphasized ``Cutting Edge of Breakthrough`` as a small slogan while presenting blueprints of national defense arms and economy and putting an emphasis on scientific technology. After analyzing novels announced by 『Joseon Literature』 or 『Literature Paper』 in 2015, it was confirmed that creation of ``Joseon Speed``, realization of politics of ``Respect for People · Love for People`` by increasing production, and construction of ``a fairyland of happy socialism`` of future vision to construct a strong country as a practical plan. The first practical task has a meaning of promotion of developing nuclear missiles, launching satellite rockets, and building submarines and asymmetric weapon system for ``self-protection from foreign power.`` The second practical task is considered as a practical discourse of real politics to realize ``prosperity through creation`` by securing people- friendly leadership. Finally, the third practical task is regarded as a presentation of the vision of a dream to solve the problem of ``people`s welfare``, which means the minimum living standard guarantee and health promotion by finding an approach on the level of social welfare and to realized a fairyland of happy socialism` within his regime by solving social problems, like ``forest recovery, restoration of ecology.`` However, as for practical discourses suggested by Kim Jong Un, the first one has a limitation in that it is a behavior to cause criticism of international society and international isolation from the world, including UN. The second one shows a limitation that North Korea will repeat stagnation due to the standstill of economic growth without an influx of foreign capital and technology. The third one causes the concern that ``People`s living from hand to mouth`` should be solved first instead of ``welfare`` in the future. As a measure to break through these realistic limitations of various practice discourses, the realization of Kim Jong Un`s style gestures to suggest the improvement of relationship between South and North Korea and the possibility of inter-Korean summit is worthy of attention.

김정은의 홀로서기와‘백두산 칼바람’⋅‘최첨단 돌파’의 과제 - 『조선문학』 소재 북한소설을 중심으로

박태상 단국대학교(천안캠퍼스) 한국문화기술연구소 2016 한국문화기술 Vol.20 No.-

2015 is evaluated historically a very important time for both North and South Korea since the 70th year of division. Especially, in respect of North Korea, 2015 is the first year for Kim Jong Un, the chairman of the National Defense Committee to show his own politics in earnest, finishing ruling with dying instruction 3 years after his father, Jong-il Kim, died. Kim Jong Un directly announced ‘New Year’s Address of trying Standing-alone,’ selecting his grandfather, Kim Il Sung’s style rather than his farther, Jong-il Kim’s reclusive style. What he put the most emphasis on in the New Year’s Address was ‘Piercing Wind of Baedusan’ and ‘Revolutionary Spirit of Baedu.’ Renewedly, he pointed out that 5 kinds of culture ‘greatness culture’, Kim Jong-il patriotism culture, faith culture, anti-class culture, ethics culture’ should be intensified. In the New Year’s Address, Kim Jong Un suggested ‘Piercing Wind of Baekdusan’ as a big slogan and emphasized ‘Cutting Edge of Breakthrough’ as a small slogan while presenting blueprints of national defense arms and economy and putting an emphasis on scientific technology. After analyzing novels announced by 『Joseon Literature』 or 『Literature Paper』 in 2015, it was confirmed that creation of ‘Joseon Speed’, realization of politics of ‘Respect for People ․ Love for People’ by increasing production, and construction of ‘a fairyland of happy socialism’ of future vision to construct a strong country as a practical plan. The first practical task has a meaning of promotion of developing nuclear missiles, launching satellite rockets, and building submarines and asymmetric weapon system for ‘self-protection from foreign power.’ The second practical task is considered as a practical discourse of real politics to realize ‘prosperity through creation’ by securing people- friendly leadership. Finally, the third practical task is regarded as a presentation of the vision of a dream to solve the problem of ‘people’s welfare’, which means the minimum living standard guarantee and health promotion by finding an approach on the level of social welfare and to realized a fairyland of happy socialism’ within his regime by solving social problems, like ‘forest recovery, restoration of ecology.’ However, as for practical discourses suggested by Kim Jong Un, the first one has a limitation in that it is a behavior to cause criticism of international society and international isolation from the world, including UN. The second one shows a limitation that North Korea will repeat stagnation due to the standstill of economic growth without an influx of foreign capital and technology. The third one causes the concern that ‘People’s living from hand to mouth’ should be solved first instead of ‘welfare’ in the future. As a measure to break through these realistic limitations of various practice discourses, the realization of Kim Jong Un’s style gestures to suggest the improvement of relationship between South and North Korea and the possibility of inter-Korean summit is worthy of attention.

북한 김정은의 선전ㆍ선동 전략과 현상 연구

박태상 국제한인문학회 2019 국제한인문학연구 Vol.- No.23

North Korean Kim Jong Eun has two faces with two sides. One is the image of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il. It shows the will to practice the socialist power through the nuclear armed forces. In this way, Hitler's propaganda strategy and Mao Zedong's propaganda strategy to revitalize the propaganda are remembered, addressed to the German people, gathered power through propaganda, and drove young people to the front. The other is a person with a friendly and affectionate personality who takes a gesture to recall the affluent life of the Europeans as a Swiss student and take care of the welfare of the North Korean people. Hitler used the "denying strategy" to deny the present and justify hate as the core strategy of the propaganda. The splendid future that Hitler enjoys is associated with denying the present. Hitler emphasizes that he knows how to solve problems for the future of the nation, and concludes with a hopeful expression of the future, which lists the ideal virtues of the Third Reich, peace, labor, welfare, and culture, that He used the method. This is very similar to the latter of Kim Jung Eun. Kim Jung Eun started a new blueprint for the future by seeking to stand alone by presenting the "Five Great Cultures", the Spirit of Baekdu Mountain, and cutting-edge breakthrough. He is promoting such a fantasy through three mediums of propaganda, suggesting a fantastical world that will lead to the construction of civilization power, the realization of a welfare society of respect for the people, and the early practice of happy socialism Utopia. It features Novel & short Story, such as "True Resurrection", "Dawn" and "White Cobblestone", which can represent Kim Jong Eun's era, films such as "Graduation Certificate" and "My House Story" which are visual media, and representative songs of Moran Bong Band I analyzed the strategy and phenomenon of propaganda agitation. Kim Jung Eun says literature should be a 'trumpet' in the process of revolutionary struggle. The long novel "True Reverberation" (2016) traces the diverse activities of the manager of the Chungcheongjin factory, which aims to achieve a dramatic improvement in productivity by pursuing the spirit of "Raise self-strength" with the Yeonpyeong chicken factory as a background. Jung Kook-jin punishes the bureaucrats who are in the bureaucratic state with the old ideological remnants and reflects the idea of "youth-centeredness" as one of the three major strategies of Kim Jong-un, And to establish a corporate strategy (management strategy) as a solution to the problem of chicken feed shortage and to succeed in the introduction of a circulating production system between agriculture and livestock. These measures are put forward as 'Kim Jong Il patriotism', but in fact, Kim Jong Eun is promoting the economic and management policies promoted by Kim Jong Eun. The film "Graduation Certificate" (2016) is a film about the founding and development process of Kim Il Sung University, focusing on Kim Il Sung's “greatness cultivation”. In the age of knowledge economy, young intellectuals should not forget the suffering of their seniors during their troubled marches and emphasize the need for a spirit of revolutionary struggle to overcome any hardship and adversity caused by economic sanctions in a new era. In "My Home Story," Kim Jong Eun's "greatness cultivation" is emphasized, reflecting the collective thinking of North Korea and the totalitarian society of "socialism versus family". It emphasizes the fact that the happiness of today comes from past suffering and adversity, and that we should never forget the way Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il walked (the march of suffering). The Moran Bong Band will be the vanguard of the propaganda of the Kim Jong Eun regime after the first demonstration on July 6, 2012 through the <Pilot Performance>. The message given by the Moran Bong Band to the North Korean people includes the idolization of Kim Jong Eun, the leader of Baekdong Line...