公園綠地의 觀光慰藥便益에 關한 考察(1)

林元炫,金龍洙 경북대학교 교육대학원 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.-

The lake of research concerning tourism and recreation benefits of urban parks have prevented their full evaluation as environmental amenities. In this study, individual as well as social beneits of tourism and recreation activities in urban parks were examined through a questionnaire. The data for this research were collected by the interview in three parks ; Palgongsan park, Dalsung park, Bumma park. that parks draw users frome wide to narrow ranges of distances. Implications of the findings for urban parks design, and tourism and recreation policy are discussed. Travel cost method and contingent valuation method were applied essentially. That permits the estimation of relationship between distance as a total cost and visits which can be used to estimate demend functions for tourism and recreation experiences provided by a site. Applications to urban park have been gravity-type models have been used to estimate the use of the park. Finally, the tourism and recreation benefits of each parks per user·day·month·year 1988 were estimated by the total experiences of the users. It is possible to use a Travle Cost Method at city park in Korea. and a methodology to estimate tourism and recreation benefits of urban pakrk is developed combining the travel cost approach with contingent valuation approach on the urban scale. Most of the demend functions for each parks were well fitted by the variables of distance of the users for each parks were well fitted by the added cost in ㎞. and most of the demend functions were well fited when the all variables was in the form of natural logarithms. Distance has high relationship with total cost in each parks. Astimated social benefits of tourism and recreation activities in Palgongsan park was 102,248 million won. Dalsung park was 9,481 million won, and Bumman park was 1,453 million won a year 1988. But, these values should be regaded as minimum estimated. Becouse when the distance were transelated by won, time cost were excluded. This study is a small but important step in the investigation of urban park and recreation site demend and benefit. Many of the developments in contingent valuation method and travel cost modeling should now be applied at the urban scale parks and recreation site. such studies will contribute significently to the improvement of methodology for tourism and recreation benefits measuring, especially individual and social benefits for the urban parks, and provide much needed guidence for desisions concerning the allocation of scarce tourism and recreation resources.

교통신호를 고려한 동적 통행배정모형의 구축 및 해석알고리즘의 개발에 관한 연구

임용택,임강원 서울大學校 環境大學院 1996 環境論叢 Vol.34 No.-

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ABUTMENT의 경사가 CORE의 응력-변형률에 미치는 영향

임희대,박수용,우원재 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Cracking of core presents a serious hazard resulting in possible leakage and failure. For a realistic evaluation of cracking of core one must take into account irregular steep abutment. The present paper is concerned with the most dangerous transverse movements in the embankment which result from non-uniform settlement along the abutments. In this study, the effect of steepness of abutment has been analyzed for 100m high central trapezodial cores with abutment slopes of 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1 respectively. Numerical analysis of longitndinal sections of the embankment has been carried out by the application of finite element method. The nonlinear and stress-dependent stress-strain properties of soil is approximated by using a hyperbolic model. The results of the analyses indicate that there is a decrease of vertical stress due to arching action. This decrease is more for steeper slope than for flatter slope.

교정용 호선의 세포독성에 관한 실험적 연구

임용규,양원식 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.5

본 연구는 널리 이용되고 있는 두 종류의 교정용 호선에 다양한 처리를 가한 후 호선의 세포독성을 비교, 평가하고자 시행하였다. 018x025 inch 굵기의 stainless steel 호선과 Co-Cr 호선을 실험 재료로 선택하여 stainless steel 호선을 A호선, Co-Cr 호선을 B 호선이라 칭하였으며 각각의 호선을 다시 가해진 처리에 따라 4군으로 나누었다. A-1군과 B-1군은 제작된 상태 그대로의 호선을 이용하였으며 A-2, B-2군은 기기를 이용하여 850°F에서 4분간 열처리하였다. A-3, B-3군은 같은 방법으로 열처리한 후 표면의 불순물을 제거하기 위해 전해연마를 시행하였고 A-4, B-4군은 소량의 은납(Ag-solder)을 납착(soldering)하였다. 사람의 치은 섬유아세포를 배양하고 agar overlay법을 이용하여 각군의 호선의 세포독성을 검사하였으며 세포독성을 반응지수 (탈색지수/용해지수)로 평가하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. stainless steel 호선과 Co-Cr 호선 모두 제작된 그대로의 상태에서는 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 2. 두 호선에 대한 열처리나 전해연마는 호선의 세포독성에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 3. 은납이 납착된 stainless steel 호선은 은납이 납착된 Co-Cr 호선에 비해 더 넓은 범위의 탈색을 나타냈으나 탈색지수와 세포독성(반응지수)에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 은납이 납착된 호선은 두 호선 모두에서 중증도의 세포독성을 나타냈다. This study was undertaken to investigate the cytotoxicity of orthodontic wires after doing various treatments to the wires. 018x025 inch Stainless steel(A) and Co-Cr(B) wires were used and each of them were divided into 4 groups. A-1 and B-1 groups were as received state, and A-2 and B-2 groups were heat treated. A-3 and B-3 groups were electropolished after heat treatment, and A-4 and B-4 groups were soldered with Ag-solder. Each group had 3 wires and these were sterilized with Ethylene Oxide gas. We used human gingival fibroblast cell culture and agar overlay technique to investigate the cytotoxicity of each group of wires. The cytotoxicity of wire was assessed using reaction index (zone index / lysis index). The findings of this study were as follows : 1. Both of the stainless steel wire and Co-Cr wire showed no cytotoxicity in as received state. 2. Heat treatment or electropolishing of the wires had no effect on the cytotoxicity of the wires. 3. Soldered stainless steel wires showed a little wider zone of discoloration than soldered Co-Cr wires, but the zone index and cytotoxicity(reaction index) was not different. 4. Soldered wires showed moderate cytotoxicity in both of the wires.

球狀黑鉛鑄鐵에 있어서 Sn添加 및 鑄物 두께에 關한 硏究

林奭原,朴龍鎭 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1991 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

외상에 의한 영구치의 손상과 치아 고정술의 예후에 관한 연구

임현범,조용석,김경원 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1997 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.7 No.1

경제 성장과 더불어 교통수단의 발달과 취미 활동에 대한 높은 관심과 함께 교통사고, 스포츠 등의 레저 활동, 폭력 등에 의하여 악안면부의 외상은 빈번하게 발생할 수 있다. 1996년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 1년간 본과에 내원한 악안면부 외상 환자 중 상악골, 하악골, 관골 등의 악안면골 골절을 동반하지 않고 주로 치아 손상을 주소로 이에 대한 치아 고정술을 시행한 환자 43명에 대하여 의무 기록과 방사선 사진 등의 자료를 참고로 하여 영구치의 손상과 치아 고정술의 예후에 대하여 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었기에 추후 영구치 손상 환자에 대한 치료술식과 예후 판정에 참고로 하고자 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 1. 치아 외상은 여자보다 남자에게서 더 많이 발생하였다. 2. 치아 외상을 받은 호발 연령은 10대와 20대였다 3. 치관 외상의 주된 원인은 낙상, 교통사고와 운동 순이었다. 4. 치아 외상시 가장 호발부위는 상악 전치부였다 5. 치아고정시 아치 바와 강선을 이용한 방법과 강선과 치과용 레진을 이용한 방법의 예후에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 6. 치아고정시 가장 큰 병발증은 치아 실활에 따른 신경치료, 치근 흡수, 발치였다. The injuries of the offal and maxillofacial region occrurred frequently because of the accidents, sports and violences. The authors experienced the injuries of the teeth that did not involve the bony fracture of the maxillofacial bones. We reviewed the 96 teeth of 43 patients that were fixed after replacement and/or replantation of luxated teeth during 1year(1996). We analysed and evaluated the treatment methods and the prognosis of the fixated teeth using the hospital records and radiographies. The results were as follows. 1. The occurrences of teeth injuries were more frequent in male than in female 2. The prevalent age groups were the second and third decades. 3. The major etiologies of teeth injuries were fall-down, traffic accidents and sports. 4. The prevalent teeth injured area were the upper anterior teeth area. 5. The prognosis of the teeth fixation methods between arch bar with wiring and wire with dental resin were not different significantly. 6. The major complications were the endodontic treatment due to discoloration and/or non-vitalization of teeth, root resorption and extraction of injured teeth.

마우스 Myeloma Cell P3-X63-Ag8.653 및 T Cell Hybridome DO11.10에서의 Programmed Cell Death 유발 특성 비교

임석원,정용훈,최용,한승룡,조양자 한양대학교 의과대학 1998 한양의대 학술지 Vol.18 No.2

This study was aimed to prove that the death of HGPRT myeloma V653 by aminopterin treatment is due to PCD. This PCD was also compared with a relatively well-defined dexamethasone-induced PCD of T-cell hybridoma DO11.10. And these PCD systems were further characterized by inhibiting protein synthesis with cycloheximide, inhibiting mRNA synthesis with actinomycin-D, increasing intracellular calcium with calcium ionophore A23187. Induction of c-myc, an universal apoptosis gene, was also compared between these 2 systems. Viability of V653 cell was decreased by aminopterin-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment of aminopterin, this decrease of viability began in 6 hours and was accelerated in 12-18 hours. DNA fragmentation of V653 was detectable at 3 hours of incubation and peaked in 12-18 hours. Patterns of decrease in cell viability and increase in DNA fragmentation of dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 cells was similar to that of aminopterin-treated V653 cell, but the progress was much slower. The decrease in cell viability and increase in DNA fragmentation of aminopterin-treated V653 cells were inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin-D. In contrast the decrease in cell viability and increase in DNA fragmentation of dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 cell were accelerated by cycloheximide and actinomycin-D additions. Ca^2+ ionophore A23187 addition to aminopterin-treated V653 cells and dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 accelerated the decrease in cell viability and the increase in DNA fragmentation of both cells. In northern blot analysis, induction of c-myc gene was observed in aminopterin-treated V653 cell reached peak at 2hours and thern decreased drastically. Induction of c-myc gene in dexamethasone-treated DO11.10 cells was much slower and the fold of gene induction was much lower than that of aminopterin-treated V653 cell. Ultrastructural changes during the death process were observed by using electron microscope. Dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and detachment of ribosomes were the earliest ultrastructural changes, which were observed in 30 minutes after death induction. The results of this study suggest that aminopterin-induced selective elimination of fusion partner V653 myeloma cell is due to PCD, and that this process requires de novo protein and RNA synthesis in which a Ca^2+ -mediated signal transduction pathway is involved.

원자력 사고후 쌀알과 배추내 ^90Sr 및 ^137Cs 농도 예측

최용호,임광묵,황원태,이한수,이창우 대한방사선 방어학회 2002 방사선방어학회지 Vol.27 No.3

원자력 사고후 시간경과에 따른 작물체내 핵종 농도를 보다 현실적으로 예측할 수 있는 방법을 수립하고 단위 건침적에 대하여 백미와 배추내 ^90Sr 및 ^137Cs의 50 년간 농도를 예측하였다. 비생육기 사고의 경우 농도는 두 핵종 모두 시간경과에 따라 서서히 감소하였고 50년 내내 ^90Sr이 ^137Cs보다 높았다. 생육기 사고의 경우 처음 1년간 농도는 비생육기 사고에 비해 대체로 ^90Sr은 최고 30 배, ^137Cs은 최고 1,000 배 정도까지 높았다. 50 년간의 누적농도는 백미에서는 비 생육기 사고의 경우 ^90Sr이, 생육기 사고의 경우 ^137Cs이 더 높았으나 배추에서는 어느 경우에나 ^90Sr이 더 높았다. 생육기 사고시 50년간의 누적농도에 대한 지배적 경로는 대체로 ^90Sr의 경우 뿌리흡수, ^137Cs의 경우 작물체 직접오염이었다. 재부유의 영향은 무시할 수 있을 정도였다. 예측 결과에 입각하여 사고 조건별로 대책의 방향을 제시하였다. A method of more realistically predicting radionuclide concentrations in crop plants varying with time after a nuclear accident was established to estimate 50 years' concentrations of ^90Sr and ^137Cs in polished rice seeds and Chinese cabbage for unit dry deposition. After non-growing season accidents, concentrations of both nuclides decreased gradually with time and ^90Sr concentrations were higher than those of ^137Cs throughout the whole period. Radionuclide concentrations in the 1st year after growing season accidents were on the whole higher than those after non-growing season accidents by factors of up to 30 for ^90Sr and up to 1,000 for ^137Cs. In polished rice seeds, the 50 years-integrated concentration was higher for ^90Sr than for ^137Cs after non-growing season accidents, whereas the opposite was true after growing season accidents. In Chinese cabbage, however, it was higher for ^90Sr than for ^137Cs after both types of the accident. Generally speaking, the dominant pathway for the integrated concentration after the growing season accident was root uptake for ^90Sr and direct plant contamination for ^137Cs. The effect of resuspension was negligible. Based on the predicted results, the direction of planning countermeasures was suggested for various accident conditions.

하악 후방 견인력이 성장기 유년의 하악과두에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

양원식,임용규 대한치과교정학회 1990 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mandibular retractive force on the mandibular condyle of growing dog. The experimental animals were six mongrel dogs of two-month old. Their deciduous dentition were completed. Two of them was used as control group, and experimental group was composed of remaining four. Head band and chin cup were made of cotton tape, and hooks are fabricated on the chin cup and had band for closed coil. Mandibular retractive force was 100g/side and chin cap appliance was used for 14 hours/day during night. Experimental group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks from beginning of the experiment. Right TMJ was prepared for histologic study and left TMJ was examined grossly for disc, fossa, and condyle. The conclusions are: 1. Two-month old control animal showed active cartilaginous growth on the mandibular condyle, therefore showed thick proliferative and hypertrophic zones. Remodeling process in the condyle head was observed in which there were bone resorption on the anterior surface and bone apposition on the posterior surface. 2. Four-month old control animal showed marked reduction of hypertrophic zone but the condylar bone remodeling was more pronounced. 3. In experimental group, there are marked reduction of hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks from beginning of experiment, and hypertrophic zone disappeared at posterior-superior portion of condyle in 6-week experimental animal. 8 week experimental animal showed slight recovery of hypertrophic zone. 4. In experimental group, bone deposition was increased at anterior surface of condyle, and bone resorption was increased at posterior surface of condyle. 5. In control group, the glenoid fossa and surrounding bone showed mainly bone apposition. But experimental group showed bone resorption at anterior surface of articular eminence and increased bone apposition at posterior surface of postglenoid spine. 6. No marked traumatic change was seen but 4 weeks and 8 weeks experimental animal showed flattening of posterior surperior condylar surface. Bone marrow of condyle showed minute focal bleeding in 2 weeks and 4 weeks experimental animal, and congestion and depression of hematopoietic bone marrow during all experimental period.

악안면 골결손부의 이종골이식을 이용한 수복에 관한 연구

김경원,조용석,이경호,임현범 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1998 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.8 No.2

연구목적 : 구강 및 악안면영역의 소수술시 발생할 수 있는 골결손부에 대하여 이종골을 이용한 골이식을 시행하고 치료결과 및 예후를 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1996년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 내원한 환자중 골결손부에 대힌 골이식이 필요하였던 환자중 이식 후 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 36명에 대하여 의무 기록과 방사선 사진을 이용하여 분석하였다 결과 : 대상 환자중 10대와 20대(72.7%)가 가장 많았으며, 골이식이 필요하였던 질병으로는 낭종, 양성 종양, 매복치, 치근단 질환 등이었으며, 이식후 평균 7개월의 추적 관찰을 시행한 결과 36례중 6례(약17%)에서 술후 경미한 정도의 감염 소견이 있었으며 그 외는 특별한 합병증이 발견되지 않았다. 결론 : 구강 및 악안면영역의 비교적 작은 골결손부에 대하여 이종골이식을 선택적으로 시행할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : We evaluated the result and prognosis of the heterogenic bone graft for restoration of the bone defect in oral and maxillofacial region. Materials and Methods : We collected and analysed the patents who received the heteogenic bone graft from January 1996 to December 1996 in Chungbuk National University Hospital. Results : Prevalent age groups of heterogenic bone graft were 2nd and 3rd decades(72.2%), and cysts and benign tumors, impacted teeth, apical lesions were causative diseases of bone defects. The average period of follow-up was 7 months after operation. Major complications were postoperative infections(17%), but they were not severe. Conclusion : We recommend a heterogenic bone graft for restoration of the relatively small bone defect in oral and maxillofacial region selectively.