Romanization and Language Planning in Taiwan

Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo 대한언어학회 2001 언어학 Vol.9 No.1

Chiung, Wi-run Taiffalo. 2001. Romanization and Language Planningin Taiwan. The Linguistic Association, of Korea Journal 9(1), 15-43.Although Taiwan is currently a Hancha (Han characters)-dominated society, romanization was in fact the first writing system used in Taiwan. The first romanized orthography is the Sinkang manuscripts introduced by the Dutch missionaries in the first half of the seventeenth century. Thereafter, Han characters were imposed to Taiwan by the Sinitic Koxinga regime that followed in the second half of the seventeenth century. As the number of Han immigrants from China dramatically increased, Han characters gradually became the dominant writing system. At present, romanization for Mandarin Chinese is an auxiliary script simply used for transliteration purpose. As for Taiwanese romanization it is mainly used by particular groups, such as church followers and the Taiwanese writing circle. This paper provides readers an overall introduction to the history and current development of romanization in Taiwan from the perspectives of literacy and sociolinguistics.(The University of Texas at Arlington)

Marriage in early twentieth century Northern India: Hindi literature vis-à-vis social transformations

Justyna Wiśniewska-Singh 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2016 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.22 No.1

This paper explores how a changing social situation in late colonial northern India influenced issues related to marriage. The most controversial matters, also reflected in Hindi literature of the time, were: proper age at marriage, ritual concerns, marriage expenses as well as effects of child marriage and child widows. The paper draws mainly on Hindi novels by Ayodhya Singh Upadhyay and Kishorilal Goswami, published in the beginning of the twentieth century. For the most part, conservative and didactic in their outlook, they put forward interesting postulates concerning disputable matters. Some of the ideas, like reducing unnecessary wedding expenses, are worth considering even today. The analysis of literary sources also reveals the expectations of future brides and grooms. The attention paid by Hindi writers to a number of marriage practices confirms the status of marriage as one of the most important social institutions.

전자 서명을 활용한 Wi-Fi Beacon Frame 인증 기법

정경헌(Gyeong Heon Jeong),강상위(Sang Wi Kang),권태경(Taekyoung Kwon) 한국통신학회 2023 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

굴 養殖場의 環境衛生 및 統營灣의 汚染에 對한 硏究

崔渭卿,張東錫,李鐘甲,權在健 釜山水産大學校 1974 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.1

1973年 4月 부터 1974年 3月까지에 걸쳐 우리나라 南海岸 主요 굴 養殖場의 하나인 巨濟灣의 海水와 그 海域에서 養殖하느 굴에 對한 衛生指標細菌의 性狀과 汚染度를 알아 보고 一般 僞生物相을 把渥하고 또한 이 海域의 汚染源이 된다고 豫想되는 統營灣의 海水에 대한 衛生指標細菌의 性狀과 汚染度 그리고 一般 衛生物相을 究明함과 同時에 이들의 季節에 따른 遷移를 알고져 이 硏究를 실시하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 巨濟灣海水는 coliform group MPN의 median value가 <1.8- 8.6이었고, fecal coliorm MPN의 median value는 > 1.8- 5.7이었고, 生菌數는 3-34/ml였는데 汚染度는 여름이 겨울보다 훨씬 높았다. 2. 巨濟灣에서 養殖하고 있는 굴들은 coliform MPN의 median value가 88- 410, 最底<1.8에서 最高 16,000이었고, fecal coliform MPN의 median value가 >1.8- 45, 最底 18에서 最高 490이였으며, 生菌數는 median value가 290- 530, 最底 120에서 最高 36,000이였는데 汚染度는 여름이 겨울보다 훨씬 높았다. 3. 巨濟灣 全 station 海水의 pH는 8.10 前候로서 年中 큰 變化가 없고, 水溫은 1-2月이 最底 7℃, 7-8月이 最高로 26.5℃었고, salinity는 最底 31.54%로 7月이 낮고, 3月이 33.65%로서 가장 높았다. 4. 忠武灣의 汚染度는 coliform group MPN의 median value가 12- 2,200, 最底<1.8에서 最高 70이었고, fecal coliform MON은 median value가 4.5~1,700, 最低 4에서 最高 7,000이였으며, 生菌類의 median value가 23- 480, 最底 2에서 最高 4,200이였으며 여름이 겨울보다 汚染度가 높았다. 5. 潮夕別 汚染度는 底潮時의 coliform group MPN이 最高 1,800, 高潮時가 最高 240이었고, 底潮에서 高潮의 中間에는 最高 820, 高潮에서 底潮의 中間은 最高 1,600이였으며 底潮時가 高潮時보다 汚染度가 높았다. 6. 一般 衛生物은 모두 1,829 菌株를 分離하에 19層으로 同定하였다. 7. Vibrio parahaemolyticus와 Salmonella sp.는 忠武灣에서는 檢出되었으나 巨濟灣에서는 檢出되지 않았다. 8. Station과 station간의 오3染度는 巨濟灣의 경우 큰 差異가 없었는데 忠武灣의 station C-4(客船埠頭)는 他 station에 比해 훨씬 높았다. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination of sanitary indicative bacteria, and general microflora of the sea water and oysters of Geoje bay located at the southern coast of Korea, with respect to seasonal variation from April 1973 to March 1974. In addition, the sea water of Chungmu harbour adjacent to the Geoje bay hitherto considered as a contaminating source, was also examined at the same aspect as Geoje bay. The following results are obtained. In the sea of Geoje bay, the median value of coliform group MPN showed 1.8 to 8.6 and fecal coliform MPN was 1.8 to 5.7. Total plate counts amounted 3 to 34 per milliliter. The sea was much contaminated in summer than in winter. Oysters from the Geoje bay indicated 88 to 410 of median value in coliform MPN, maximum 16,000 and minimum 1.8 respectively. The fecal coliform MPN showed 18 to 45 in median value, 490 in maximum and 18 in minimum respectively. Total plate counts ranged 290 to 530 in median value, 36,000 in maximum and 120 in minimum respectively. Contamination of oysters was higher in summer than in winter. Throughout the Geoje bay sea, pH variation was almost negligible indicating the constant value of 8.10 with respect to season, however maximum water temperature indicated 26.5℃ during July to August while 7℃ of minimum temperature in January and February. Minimum salinity showed 31.54% in July and maximum was 33.65% in March. In Chungmu harbour coliform group MPN ranged 12 to 2,200 in median value, 70,000 in maximum and 1.8 in minimum. Fecal coliform MPN rested between 4.5 to 1,700 in median value, 4.000 in maximum and 4 in minimum. Total plate counts amounted to 23 to 480 in medi an value, 4,200 in maximum and 2 in minimum. The sea was more contaminated in summer than in winter. At low tide coliform MPN reached its maximum value of 1,800 while high tide had its maximum value of 240, however at the midtide from lowtide to high tide maximum value was 920 and at the midtide from high tide to low tide represented its maximum value of 1,600. Sea at low tide was more contaminated than at high tide. Total number of 1,829 strains of the general microflora were isolated and 19 genera were identified. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella sp. Were detected in teh Chungmu harbour but not in the Geoje bay.

Kant의 「善意志」에 對한 硏究

金渭錫 대구교육대학교 1972 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

In this paper, I tried to study on the key concept of Kant's moral theory, i.e. the Good-Will that he first insisted in his short writings titled Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. According to Kant's theory, the rightness of an act does not depend at all on the value of its consequences. In order to know whether an act is right or wrong, we must only see whether it is in accordance with a valid moral rule, and Kant believes that the valid moral rule ought to be a purely formal one of will. This purely formal rule of will is insisted to be the ultimate principle of maorality grounded a priori. And this principle is the moral law that must be universalizable and prescribe to will itself categorically. Then how does Kant explain about this moral law? That is, what is the moral law? Kant insists that the moral law is the autonomy of will as the law of the self-determination of the free will. What is then the Good-Will? That is just the autonomy of will. The Good-Will as the autonomy of will is always itself good and has a kind of unconditional worth. Therefore Kant insists that the man of Good-Will does what is right just because it is right, and for no other reason. But Kant may commit such fallacy of circular reasoning that the Good-Will is the autonomy and the autonomy the Good-Will.

細菌의 核酸分解酵素에 관한 硏究 : 1. Aeromonas hydrophila의 菌體外 DNase와 RNase에 관하여 1. General Properties of Extracellular Deoxyribonuclease and Ribonuclease in Aeromonas hydrophila

崔渭卿 釜山水産大學校 1969 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1

著者는 廣範圍한 好氣性細菌의 均체外 DNase와 RNase의 分布 및 活性을 檢査하여, 그것이 어떤 種류의 細菌에 있어서 특異한 것인가를 把握하고, 그 特異性과 細菌의 分類學的 關聯性이 어떠한 것인가를 硏究키 위해 이 兩酵素의 活性이 강한 Acromonas hydrophila(ATCC 9071)를 供試하여, 이들 酵소의 生成 및 活性의 最適條件을 結定하려고 本 硏究를 實施하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1) 細菌의 菌체外 DNase와 RNase의 生育時間別 (培養時間別) 活性은 40時間만에 最高에 達하며, 적어도 供試菌株에 있어서는 72時間內로 死菌체의 菌체內에 含有되어 있는 이들 酵素는 菌체外酵素活性에는 영향이 없는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2) 細菌의 菌체外 DNase와 RNase의 活性에 영향을 주는 Mg이온 (MgSO₄. 7H₂O)이 가 장 活性化하는 能力이 크다는 것을 알았고, 硫化物이 鑒化物보다 더욱 效과的이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 3) Mg이온의 最適濃度는 酵素反應液에 對해 0.004M이었다. 4) RNase의 作用最適 PH 8.0이며, DNase는 7.5∼9.0사이에 있지만, 그 가운데서도 PH8.5가 最適임을 알았다. Extracellular nucleases produced by bacteria are usually reported as deoxyribonucleases (DNase) and ribonucleases (RNaes), depending upon the substrate used for their detection. But, I have never seen such a report as the extracellular DNase or RNase from Aerononas hydrophila (ATCC 9071). The present paper describes an investigation to determine the properties of both extracellular DNase and RNase in Aeromonas hydrophila. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The extracellular DNase began to appear in the culture fluid from the logarithmic phase to the stationary phase, and then the highest activity appear at the stationary phase. The extracellular DNase and RNase required magnesium as a form of a sulfate to give its ability to degrade DNA as well as RNA. The optimal concentration of magnesium was 0.004M for the reaction mixture. Calcium would not substitute for magnesium in the degradation of either DNA or RNA. The optimum pH of the DNase was found to be 8.5, and that of the RNase was found to be 8.0. The author wishes to thank Prof., Dr. H. Iizuka and Assist. Prof., Dr. K. Komagata (Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, Japan)for their encouragement and help during this work.

希麟《音義》唇音考

李義活 대구효성가톨릭대학교 외국어문학연구소 1990 語文學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

글로벌 로지스틱스 환경하에서 e-Logistics 발전방안에 관한 고찰

이위식,서동욱 한국관세학회 2007 관세학회지 Vol.8 No.1

As economic globalization continues, global corporations expend their economic activities around the world. This phenomenon increase the complexity of global logistics management. Therefore global corporations need to offer high quality logistics services to meet customers preferences and satisfy customers demands(changes). They use professional logistics firms more and more to manage global logistics effectively and offer quality service to customers. The goal of e-Logistics is to optimize logistics network and to collaborate across enterprises, to provide visibility of global logistics. Global logistics visibility is composed of several factors ; order visibility, inventory visibility, tracking and tracing, monitoring alert and visibility. The important principle of global logistics is that the trend will evolve from optimization of an individual enterprises to meet a global logistics network. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trend of developments of e-Logistics under global logistics environments.

映畵等級制와 表現의 自由 : 특히 制限上映可 等級과 관련하여

韓渭洙 가톨릭대학교 법학연구소 2003 법학연구 Vol.2 No.1

韓國의 人口成長과 敎育發展의 問題

강위영 한국사회사업대학 1977 대학논문집 Vol.7 No.-