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이현제,최용성,권택술 大韓神經精神醫學會 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.2
Authors surveyed how the psychologic factors, especially the personality traits were related to the premenstrual syndrome, using PAF and MMPI, with 110 married nurses and 106 unmarried nursing students. The results were as follows : 1) There were no relations between the premenstrual syndrome and the demographic characteristics. 2) The high-scored types in PAF were turned out to be fatigue, lability, anxiety and atypical depressive features in rank order. On the contrary, the low-scored types in PAF were turned our to be increased well-being, hostility/anger, miscellaneous mood/behavior changes and impulsivity in rank order. 3) In the mean comparison of the MMPI scales among three clusters Pa, Pt and Sc scales showed statistically significant relations both in married and unmarried group, also D scale showed statistically significant relation in married group only and Hs, Ma scales showed statistically significant relation in unmarried group only. 4) In the mean comparison of the MPDS scales among three clusters BDL, ANT, CPS, PAG, PAR and STY scales showed statistically significant relations both in married and unmarried group, also DEP scale showed statistically significant relation in unmarried group only.
EMTP MODELS를 사용한 거리계전기법 구현에 관한 연구
이명희,최해술,서용필,김철환 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2
This paper presents a new distance relay modeling techniques which avoids unnecessary computational procedure. A general-purpose simulation language, called MODELS, has been added to the software ATP(Alternative Transients Program) providing a new option to perform numerical and logical manipulations of variables of an electrical system. This language has been designed to replace the previous option TACS(Transient Analysis of Control Systems) which permits to simulate a control system in conjunction with a large power network. One purpose of this study is to build a structure for modeling of digital distance relays within EMTP MODELS. Contrary to the traditional methods, the new method using MODELS reduce the number of simulation steps in modeling the distance relay.
임상 연구 : 간경변 환자의 신기능 평가에서 Cystatin C의 유용성에 대한 연구
김지형 ( Ji Hyeong Kim ),신동원 ( Dong Won Shin ),이설희 ( Sul Hee Yi ),최문한 ( Moon Han Choi ),최종효 ( Jong Hyo Choi ),김대용 ( Dae Yong Kim ),박무용 ( Moo Yong Park ),최수정 ( Soo Jeong Choi ),김상균 ( Sang Gyune Kim ),김진국 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.6
목적: Cystatin C는 사구체 기저막을 자유로이 통과하여 세뇨관에서 재흡수 완전 분해되어 사구체 여과율 (glomerular filtration rate; GFR)을 노인, 간경변 환자처럼 근육 위축을 동반한 환자에서 creatinine 보다 정확하고 민감하게 반영하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 간경변증 환자에서 cystatin C를 근거로 하는 신기능 평가의 유용성을 연구하였다. 방법: 2007년 2월부터 9월까지 순천향대학교 부천병원에 입원한 안정된 간경변 환자를 대상으로 혈청 creatinine (MDRD와 Cockroft & Gault 공식), 24시간 소변 검사, 혈청 cystatin C (Hoek와 Larsson 공식)로 측정한 GFR 값을 크롬-EDTA로 측정한 GFR를 기준으로 비교하고, 신기능을 조사하였다. 결과: 총 46명의 환자 중 Child classification A가 10명, B가 17명, C가 19명이고, 평균 creatinine 1.1±0.56 mg/dL이며, 평균 cystatin C는 1.2±0.5 mg/L이었다. 평균 GFR은 크롬-EDTA로 67.8±29.4 mL/min/1.73m2이었다. MDRD 공식으로 81.6±29.6 mL/min/1.73m2, C&G로 79.9±29.3 mL/min/1.73m2, 24시간 소변의 Cr 배설율로 62.7±29.8 mL/min/1.73m2, Hoek 공식으로 77.0±28.6 mL/min/1.73m2, Larsson 공식으로 80.0±35.2 mL/min/1.73m2 이었다. Cystatin C는 당뇨, 연령, 성별에 따라 차이가 없었다. Cystatin C는 BUN (r=0.422), MDRD 공식 (r=-0.715), C&G 공식 (r=-0.659), 24시간 소변의 Cr 청소율 (r=-0.536), 크롬-EDTA 결과 (r=-0.617)의 GFR과 의미있는 상관 관계를 보였으며, MELD score, 혈청 albumin, Creatinine, PT, bilirubin과는 관련이 없었다. Cystatin C을 이용한 Hoek 공식 (r=0.657)과 Larsson 공식 (r=0.647)의 GFR은 MDRD (r=0.550)와 C&G 공식 (r=0.458)에 비해 크롬-EDTA와 높은 상관 관계를 보였다. Cystatin C의 크롬-EDTA GFR에 대한 회귀방정식은 -33.7×cystatin C+106.4 mL/min 이었다. 신기능의 차이는 없으나, cystatin C는 모든 간경병증 환자에게서 상관관계가 높았다. 결론: Cystatin C는 간경변증 환자에게서 혈청 Creatinine보다 정확하게 신기능을 반영하고, 간경변증 정도에 관계없이 상관관계가 높았다. Purpose: Cystatin C is known to predict the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) more precisely in patients with substantial muscle atrophy, such as liver cirrhosis, compared to creatinine. We evaluated the usefulness of cystatin C for prediction of renal function in liver cirrhosis patients. Methods: From February 2007 to September 2007, we evaluated the renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital. We compared renal function with GFR as estimated by creatinine (Modification of diet in renal diseases; MDRD, the Cockroft&Gault equation; C&G, Creatinine clearance; CCr) and cystatin C (the Hoek and Larsson equations) with that of the GFR as calculated by Cr-EDTA. Results: A total of 46 patients were enrolled. The mean GFR was 67.8±29.4, 81.6±29.6, 79.9±29.3, 62.7±29.8, 77.0±28.6, 81.0±35.2 mL/min/1.73m2 according to Cr-EDTA, MDRD, C&G, CCr, Hoek and Larsson equations, respectively. Cystatin C showed a correlation to MDRD (r=-0.715), C&G (r=-0.659), CCr (r=-0.536) and Cr-EDTA GFR (r=-0.617). GFR by the Hoek (r=0.657) and the Larsson (r=0.647) equation using cystatin C showed a higher correlation with Cr-EDTA GFR than GFR by MDRD (r=0.550) and C&G equation (r=0.458). Conclusion: Cystatin C is a more accurate predictor of renal function than creatinine in patients with liver cirrhosis.