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3단계 연속 발효법으로 제조한 섬애약쑥 식초의 품질 특성
신정연(Jeong Yeon Shin),신지현(Ji Hyeon Shin),강민정(Min Jung Kang),강재란(Jae Ran Kang),최진상(Jin Sang Choi),서원택(Weon Teak Seo),신정혜(Jung Hye Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.1
섬애약쑥 추출물을 이용하여 식초를 제조함에 있어 γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)의 함량을 증대시킬 수 있는 발효조건을 확립하고자 섬애약쑥 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 식혜를 발효원으로 하고, MSG를 첨가하여 유산균 발효, 알코올 발효 및 초산 발효를 차례로 진행하여 식초를 제조하였다. 섬애약쑥 물 추출물이 15% 첨가된 쑥 식혜에 MSG를 0, 0.25, 0.5 및 1.0% 첨가하고, 김치로부터 분리 동정한 GABA 함량 증대 효과가 있는 유산균인 Lactobacillus brevis(KI271266)를 접종하여 3일간 발효하였다. MSG의 첨가 농도가 높을수록 GABA의 함량도 높았으며, 발효기간이 경과할수록 그 함량도 증가하여 3일간의 발효 완료 후 MSG 1.0% 첨가군에서는 354.38 mg/L로 가장 높은 함량이었다. 유산균 발효물에 종 배양한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 5% 접종하여 6일간 정치배양 하였으며, 알코올 발효 후 초산균을 접종하여 20일간 정치발효 시키면서 4일 간격으로 시료를 취하여 이화학적 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 초산 발효 동안 pH는 점차 감소하여 발효 20일 후에 2.61~3.26의 범위였고, 이와 상반되게 산도는 점차 증가하여 4.88~6.17%였다. 유기산은 총 7종이 검출되었는데 acetic acid의 함량이 가장 큰 폭으로 증가하였고, 다음으로 succinic acid가 함량도 높고 발효기간 동안 증가율도 높았다. 초산 발효 동안 GABA 함량은 점차 감소하는 경향이었는데, 발효 20일에 MSG 무첨가군보다 0.25% 첨가군에서는 약 6.5배, 1.0% 첨가군에서는 약 14배 더 높은 함량이었다. 발효 완료된 식초의 총 페놀화합물 함량은 MSG 0~0.5% 첨가군보다 1.0% 첨가군에서 더 높았으며, 이들 시료에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성도 더 높았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 3단계 연속발효를 거쳐 GABA 함량이 높은 섬애약쑥 식초를 제조할 수 있었으며, 이러한 과정을 거쳐 제조된 식초는 식초 자체의 활성, 쑥 자체에 함유되어 있던 유효성분 및 발효 과정에서 새로이 생성된 성분들이 복합적으로 작용하여 생리활성이 더 우수할 것으로 기대된다. This study was conducted to develop fermented foods using Artemisia argyi H. (seomaeyaksuk) and identify its activity. Vinegar was completed through a three-step fermentation process (lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, and acetic acid fermentation). A sikhye added with 15% seomaeyaksuk water extract was used as the fermentation substance. Each sikhye was added with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% monosodium glutamic acid (MSG) to enhance γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and then fermented at 30°C for 3 days with Lactobacillus brevis (KI271266). GABA content increased with fermentation period and was the highest in the MSG 1.0%-added sample (354.38 mg/L). Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter was inoculated for alcohol fermentation and analyzed at 0, 2, 4, and 6 days. During alcohol fermentation, alcohol content was 1.75∼5.35% at 2 days, and was the highest in the 0.25% MSG-added group. After 6 days of alcohol fermentation, Acetobacter pasteurianus A8 was inoculated for acetic acid fermentation for 20 days. Samples were taken at 4-day intervals. pH level decreased while acid content gradually increased during fermentation. Seven kinds of organic acids were detected, and acetic acid content was most abundant. GABA contents were higher 6.5- and 14-fold higher in the MSG 0.25%- and 1.0%-added samples, respectively, compared to the non-MSG sample. After completion of acetic acid fermentation, the total polyphenol content of vinegar was higher in the MSG 1.0%-added sample compared to the 0∼0.5% MSG-added samples. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was also higher in the 1.0% MSG-added sample than others. Based of these results, we confirmed that the addition of MSG enhanced GABA contents and antioxidant activity as a result of the complex action of vinegar itself, the active ingredient of seomaeyaksuk, and new products of the fermentation process.
Shin, Weon Ho,Roh, Jong Wook,Ryu, Byungki,Chang, Hye Jung,Kim, Hyun Sik,Lee, Soonil,Seo, Won Seon,Ahn, Kyunghan American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.4
<P>It has beeri a-difficulty to form well-distributed nano-and mesosized inclusions in a, Bi2Te3-based matrix and thereby realizing no degradation of carrier mobility at interfaces between matrix and inclusions for high thermoelectric performances. Herein, we Successfully synthesize multistructured thermoelectric Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 materials with Fe-rich nano precipitates and sub-micron FeTe2 inclusions by a conventional solid-state reaction followed by melt-spinning, and spark plasma sintering that could be a facile preparation method for scale-up production. This study presents a bismuth antimony telluride based thermoelectric material with a multiscale structure whose lattice thermal conductivity is drastically reduced with minimal degradation on its carrier mobility. This is possible because a carefully chosen FeTe2 incorporated in the matrix allows its interfacial valence band with the matrix to be aligned, leading to a significantly improved p-type thermoelectric power factor. Consequently, an impressively high thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 1.52 is achieved at 396 K for p-type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3-8 mol % FeTe2, which is a 43% enhancement in ZT compared to the pristine Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3. This work demonstrates riot billy the effectiveness of multiscale structuring, for lowering lattice thermal conductivities, but also the importance of interfacial band alignment between matrix and inclusions for maintaining high carrier mobilities when designing high-performance thermoelectric materials.</P>
수술전후로 정주한 리도카인이 장기능 및 통증에 미치는 영향
신혜원 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.36 No.6
Background : Postoperative ileus and pain are concerns among surgical patients. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia with local anesthetics can decrease the duration of postoperative ileus and pain. Significant systemic absorption of local anesthetics occurs during epidural use. The object of the study was to define the effect of intravenous (iv) lidocaine on postoperative ileus and pain. Methods : In a double-blind prospective study, 24 patients undergoing foot surgery were studied with one half of the patients receiving a lidocaine bolus (1.5 mg/kg) and infusion (2 mg/min) (n=12 Lidocaine group); the other half received a saline infusion (n=12 Control group). IV lidocaine initiated before general anesthesia and continued 1h postoperatively. We compared faces pain rating scale (at recovery room, op. day 7 PM, postop. 1 day 7 PM, postop. 2 day 7 PM), the total amount of analgesic use, the return of bowel function (first passage of flatus), hospital stay, side effects, patient satisfaction. Result : Perioperative IV lidocaine infusion reduced the pain scale at recovery room, op.day 7 PM, postop. 1 day 7 PM but not postop. 2 day 7 PM. No significant difference was found in return of bowel function, additional analgesics use, hospital stay, subjective satisfaction between 2 groups. No specific side effect due to lidocaine was found. Conclusion : IV lidocaine-treated patients has less pain postoperatively, but no faster return of bowel function in patients undergoing foot surgery. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 36: 960∼966)
Combating Resistance to Anti-IGFR Antibody by Targeting the Integrin <b>β</b>3-Src Pathway
Shin, Dong Hoon,Lee, Hyo-Jong,Min, Hye-Young,Choi, Sun Phil,Lee, Mi-Sook,Lee, Jung Weon,Johnson, Faye M.,Mehta, Kapil,Lippman, Scott M.,Glisson, Bonnie S.,Lee, Ho-Young Oxford University Press 2013 Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.105 No.20
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Several phase II/III trials of anti–insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown limited efficacy. The mechanisms of resistance to IGF-1R mAb-based therapies and clinically applicable strategies for overcoming drug resistance are still undefined.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>IGF-1R mAb cixutumumab efficacy, alone or in combination with Src inhibitors, was evaluated in 10 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and six non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in vitro in two- or three-dimensional culture systems and in vivo in cell line– or patient-derived xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice (n = 6–9 per group). Cixutumumab-induced changes in cell signaling and IGF-1 binding to integrin β3 were determined by Western or ligand blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and cell adhesion analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by the two-sided Student <I>t</I> test or one-way analysis of variance.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Integrin β3–Src signaling cascade was activated by IGF-1 in HNSCC and NSCLC cells, when IGF-1 binding to IGF-1R was hampered by cixutumumab, resulting in Akt activation and cixutumumab resistance. Targeting integrin β3 or Src enhanced antitumor activity of cixutumumab in multiple cixutumumab-resistant cell lines and patient-derived tumors in vitro and in vivo. Mean tumor volume of mice cotreated with cixutumumab and integrin β3 siRNA was 133.7mm<SUP>3</SUP> (95% confidence interval [CI] = 57.6 to 209.8mm<SUP>3</SUP>) compared with those treated with cixutumumab (1472.5mm<SUP>3</SUP>; 95% CI = 1150.7 to 1794.3mm<SUP>3</SUP>; <I>P</I> < .001) or integrin β3 siRNA (903.2mm<SUP>3</SUP>; 95% CI = 636.1 to 1170.3mm<SUP>3</SUP>; <I>P</I> < .001) alone.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Increased Src activation through integrin ανβ3 confers considerable resistance against anti–IGF-1R mAb-based therapies in HNSCC and NSCLC cells. Dual targeting of the IGF-1R pathway and collateral integrin β3–Src signaling module may override this resistance.</P>