南冥의 自然認識과 傳統空間 構成에 關한 硏究

박명안,姜鎬哲,사공영보 진주산업대학교 1999 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.6

南冥은 조선시대 嶺南右道의 대학자로서 일생동안 山林에 隱居하였으며, 莊子의 逍遙游에서 나오는 南冥이란 말을 따와서 號로 삼았으며, 그의 詩文 중에도 老莊思想의 흔적이 나타난다. 특히 중국의 문인들은 유가이면서 도가적면모를 겸한 것으로 나타나 이와 같이 유가와 도가의 상호보완적인 관계가 형성되었다. 남명이 晩年에 德山에 卜居하여 講學을 펼치기 위해 立地한 공간에 대하여 문집에 나타난것과 선행 연구에 있어서 살펴본 바와 현장조사를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과로 나타났다. 첫째. 晩年에 지리산의 덕산에 복거하기 위해 10여 차례를 往來한 후 지리산과 양단수가 있는 덕천강 언덕에 立地하였다. 둘째, 시문을 통한 자연관은 藥山藥水觀과 유가적 隱遁觀이 크게 작용한 입지적 배경을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유두류록에서는 지리산에 나타난 역사의 현장을 보고 자연보다는 역사적 인물을 떠올려 그 의미를 되새겼다. 넷째, 전통공간의 입지는 천왕봉을 배산으로하는 축선상에 위치하도록 의도적으로 입지선정을 하였다. 남명의 일생은 山林處士로서의 삶에서 자연에 대한 도가적인 자연보다는 자연 그대로의 감성화된 자연을 파악하였으며, 자연을 인간과 유기적인 관계에서 대상물로 인식함에 자연속에서 인간의 삶의 태도를 배우는 인간의 삶의 원리로 파악하였다. 이와 같은 남명의 自然認識에 의해 德山에 卜居함과 그 공간의 특성은 智異山이라는 자연의 대상과 양당수가 그 입지에 대해서 전통공간의 구성에 대한 배경으로 나타난다. Nam Myong was a great scholar in Keyongsang province in the Yi-dyhasty, he secluded from the world through life, his pet name “Nam Myong”was borrowed from the “SoYo-Yu(逍遙遊)”of Jang Ja`s(壯者), also he expressed the thoughts of No-Jang(老莊) in his proses and berses. Chinese disciples especially borrowed the mixed thought of the Taoist and uaoist in their collection of works. This study was focused on the space frames located in Douk San(德山), where he took up his residence, pursuiting of study late in life, by surveying the documentary records, preceding studies, and field work. the study results was as follows. First, he settled down the hills of Dok Chun river(德川江) between the Mt. Ji Ri(智異山) and the both ends water after visiting those places about ten times to take up his residence. Second, the natural view in his works was a naturalism. Third, he would rather think over the true meaning of the historical people than only looking around natural itself in the very historical spots in his Yu-Dur-Yu-Rok(遊頭流錄). Nam Myong also would rather love a sensible natural than do Taoist. He considered a natural as an object, related to organism with a man and natural, understanding a principle from which people always learn the true life.

흔적을 배제한 영어의 wh-의문문 분석

채명희 대한언어학회 1996 언어학 Vol.4 No.-

Chai, Myong-Hi. 1996. A Traceless Approach to Wh-Interrogative Clauses in English. Linguistics 4, 267-283. The use of empty categories in accounting for linguistic phenomena has been a problem in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar because surface-oriented grammatical theories avoid using empty categories. Therefore, this study aims to analyze wh-interrogative clauses in English without recourse to traces and ultimately make HPSG a more consistent and refined grammatical theory. Following the methods taken by Sag & Fodor(1994) and Sag(1995;1996), this paper eliminates TO-BIND and INHERITED features, and the NONLOCAL Feature principle. Instead, the percolation of NONLOCAL features, i.e. SLASH, REL, and QUE, relies on the Lexical NONLOCAL Amalgamation, the SLASH Inheritance Constraint, and the RELJQUE Inheritance Constraint. Herein I introduce some new types for the analysis of wh-interrogative clauses in English: wh-int-cl, wh-subj-int-cl, fn-wh-fill-int-cl, and inf-wh-fill-int-cL (Chonnam National University)

반도체 레이저의 이득 스위칭에 의한 초단 펄스 발생

이상훈,명승일,이명우,서동선,소대화 명지대학교 대학원 1997 대학원논문집 Vol.1 No.-

반도체 레이저의 이득 스위칭에 의한 초단 펄스 발생에 대해 체계적으로 연구하였다. 즉, 동작 파라메터인 DC 바이어스 및 RF 정현파 전력에 따른 초단 이득 스위칭된 출력 펄스의 특성을 조사하였다. 최적의 펄스는 문턱 전류 부근의 DC 바이어스에서 얻어졌으며, RF 전력이 클수록 이 최적의 DC 바이어스는 감소하였다. 출력 펄스 폭은 RF 전력이 증가할수록 DC 바이어스의 변화에 덜 민감하게 나타났다. We study systematically on short pulse generation from a semiconductor laser by gain-switching. We examine the dependence of gain-switched pulse characteristics on the operating parameters, such as DC bias and RF power. The optimum short pulses are obtained around threshold DC bias. As the RF power increases, The DC bias to show shorter pulse width decreases slightly and the pulse width becomes less sensitive to the variations of the DC bias.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE TURBULENCE MODELS FOR A TURBULENT FLOW IN A TRIANGULAR ROD BUNDLE

In W.K,Chun T.H,Myong H.K Korea Society of Computational Fluids Engineering 2005 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.10 No.1

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis has been made for fully developed turbulent flow in a triangular bare rod bundle with a pitch to diameter ratio (P/D) of 1.123. The nonlinear turbulence models predicted the turbulence-driven secondary flow in the triangular subchannel. The nonlinear quadratic κ-ε models by Speziale[1] and Myong-Kasagi[2] predicted turbulence structure in the rod bundle fairly well. The nonlinear quadratic and cubic k-ε models by Shih et al.[3] and Craft et al.[4] showed somewhat weaker anisotropic turbulence. The differential Reynolds stress model by Launder et al.[5} appeared to over predict the turbulence anisotropy in the rod bundle.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE TURBULENCE MODELS FOR A TURBULENT FLOW IN A TRIANGULAR ROD BUNDLE

W. K. In,T. H. Chun,H. K. Myong 한국전산유체공학회 2005 한국전산유체공학회지 Vol.10 No.1

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis has been made for fully developed turbulent flow in a triangular bare rod bundle with a pitch to diameter ratio (P/D) of 1.123. The nonlinear turbulence models predicted the turbulence-driven secondary flow in the triangular subchannel. The nonlinear quadratic k- ε models by Speziale[1] and Myong-Kasagi[2] predicted turbulence structure in the rod bundle fairly well. The nonlinear quadratic and cubic k- ε models by Shih et al.[3] and Craft et al.[4] showed somewhat weaker anisotropic turbulence. The differential Reynolds stress model by Launder et al.[5] appeared to overpredict the turbulence anisotropy in the rod bundle.

제브라피쉬에서 장신경계에 의한 장운동 조절

이명호,문현이,권영숙,맹학영,김철희 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2011 생물공학연구지 Vol.17 No.-

사회교육실습프로그램 모델 개발 연구

백명희,양열모,이숙원 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1992 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.61 No.3

The purpose or necessity of this research is to develop various models for nonformal education practice according to different types of nonformal education institutes which are industrial training centers, vocational training institutes, and continuing educational institutes for adolescents and for women. If we develop practice program models and provide them with practice facilities and universities, and if they use them, the nonformal educational practice will be effective and improved and it will bring industrial and educational cooperation. This research analyzes the system of nonformal education specialists and the situation of cultivating the nonformal education specialists, and evaluates the present situation. And it suggests problems of the nonformal education practice and its reformable direction in order to improve the quality of the specialists and their specialty. For the said purpose, this research has the following contents. First of all, it analyzes the concept, the role, the function, and the quality of specialists, and will develop the concept and its domain which is quite fit for our situation. And it analyzes the present situation and the problems of the specialists system, suggesting reformable direction. Secondly, it shows the present situation of the developed specialists difference in universities, departments, and sexes. It discusses about the present situation of opening classes in the department of nonformal education, and about present nonformal education practice institutes and programs for practice. Thirdly, it tries to show a basic Model of nonformal education program for all institutes. And it classifies the models of nonformal education practice program into twelve types. According to the twelve types, it suggests practice models and makes a chart of Korean nonformal education institutes, gathering all the materials. This research on the system of nonformal education specialists and nonformal education practice uses the research of literature published in foreign and domestic area, the survey made on the present situation of nonformal education specialists and on opening classes, the case study of the analysis of practice program, and the questionnaire leading toward the universities which open classes for specialist certificate. We let the trainees to know about the basic work in conjunction with education and actual training in the first week. We explain about general information of our institution, training schedule method of self-introduction, actual training schedule, and matters which need to be attended to. And we educate and practice the request of trainees, the annual educational planning, the planning of basic work and procedure, the marking of a program, and so forth. We also educate and practice about the character of educational profession and roles with instruction and self-discipline practice. It is impossible to make a uniform practice program model because of various age groups and length of education period, types, scales, structures, equipments, and so forth. However, we can have our own credibility and professionalism by sharing our basic experiences despite the above barriers. Therefore, we have categorized twelve different fields and illustrated the minimum basic practice dependent on their characteristics. Twelve different fields are as follows : Industrial Training Centers, Vocational Training Institute, Educational Institution for Public Officials, The Research Institution, School Affiliated Nonformal Education Institution, School Model Institution, Youth Educational Institution, Womens Educational Institution, Senior Citizens Educational Institution, Social Welfare Service Institution, Nonformal Education Institution for Cultural Cooperation, and Private Nonformal Education School. We need close cooperation between industry and academic institutions to promote our members professionalism and characters efficiently. We also require positive public information about the importance of nonformal education specialists as well as new social consciousness.

William Faulkner의 "A Rose for Emily" 연구

홍명혜 서경대학교 인문과학연구소 1997 人文科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

E. Ehrlich와 M.Weber의 法社會學 思想 : E. Ehrlich and M. Weber

徐明姬 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1968 法政學報 Vol.12 No.-

中小企業의 輸出産業化를 위한 綜合貿易商社의 分業化方案

黃明水 단국대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to find the devices of linkage interconnecting the medium and small scale enterprises (MSE) to the general trading companies (GTC) in order to promote export. For this purpose, the problems and difficulties of MSE and GTC as well as the problems of linking these two industries to each other are analyzed. The linkages could be established successfully when the existing GTCs are organized and financed in an optimal scale. In reality, GTCs are troubled with a number of organizational as well as financial problems and difficulties that must be overcome. To shed the problems and difficulties in the better light, MSE and GTC in Korea are compared with those in Japan which are highly developed and multinational. The comparison leads, it is hoped, to point the ways suitable for the development of "sound" GTCs in Korea. Survey reports are utilized to examine the problems of MSEs with export business. The following topics are covered in this paper: Ⅰ. The Current States of GTCs and Their Problems Ⅱ. The Current State of MSEs and Their Problems Ⅲ. The Problems Related to the Linkage of MSEs Ⅳ. The Methods of Fostering GTCs Ⅴ. The Linkages for MSEs Ⅰ. The Current States of GTCs and Their Problems The system of GTCs was introduced into Korea in 1975. Despite its short history of two years, it is relatively highly developed. On the other hand, it shows promising prospects for its further development as well as some difficulties. When the system was introduced, there were only five general trading companies (GTCs) designated by the Ministry of Commerce, Korea; in 1976 six more GTCs were added; in the beginning of 1978 two more were added. As a result, we now have thirteen GTCs all together. Also, the overseas branches of the GTCs increased from 142 in 1975 to 239 in 1977. As of 1978, fifty-eight of the branches are located in Asia; forth-six, in the Middle East; forty-three, in Europe; forty-three in the U.S.A.; twenty, in the South America; eight, in the Oceania; and twenty-one, in Africa. It is remarkable to note that the twenty-one branches in Africa have been opened in the short period of the past two years; this fact evidences the vitality of the overseas marketing activities and their organization, which now covers fifteen countries. The major articles handled by the GTCs were thirty in 1975; they numbered slightly over one hundred in 1977. As a result of this rapid growth, the number of the countries to which the GTCs export over $1,000,000 a year came to reach fifteen. In 1976, Korea exported the total amount of $8,114 million; 20.7% of this total amount, namely, $1,682 million, was contributed by eleven GTCs. These eleven companies contributed 26.0% ($2,196 million) of the total amount of export, $8,462 million in the period of ten months (January to October) of 1977. They now plan to contribute 43% of the total export of $12.5 billion expected in 1978. The eleven GTCs are helped to reach the goal by establishing linkage with the MSEs. Twenty-one per cent of the total export attained by the eleven GTCs in the period of five months, from January to May, 1976 was made by the MSEs; and the amount increased to 28.4% in the period of five months, from January to May, 1977. The statistics show that the eleven GTCs are linked to 1,333 MSEs, which means that in average each company has 121 MSEs linked. The Samsung Mulsan, Co. which leads the other ten companies has 193 MSEs linked; and the Hyo-sung, Co. which is the last, 50 MSES. These eleven GTCs are asked to achieve 43% ($5.46 billion) of the total export planned for the year of 1978; and each GTC is asked to establish the linkage of 200 MSEs or more until the end of 1978. However, the problem of establishing 200 linkage for each GTC is found too straneous. If the Koryo Trading, Co. is excluded, the total number of MSEs to be linked to the other twelve GTCs reaches to 2,400. Now, suppose that each MSE gets the financial assistance of ￦2 million from the GTC; the total amount the MSEs will get from the GTCs reaches ￦4.8 billion, which requires each GTC to incur the financial burden of ￦200 million. The latter amounts to 46% of the total sale made by all of the GTCs in 1977. This heavy responsibility invites a serious doubt as to the feasibility of the plan. The problem of establishing effective linkage between the GTCs and the MSEs boils down to the question of how the MSEs are guided by the GTCs on the issues of financial supply, investment, technology, management and production methods. Among them all, the issue of financial supply stands out as the most important, critical issue. The financial relationship undoubtedly constitutes a burden to the GTCs. On the other hand, through the relationship the MSEs may be made dependent on the GTCs. The problems of the GTCs are as follows; 1. Excessive competition among the GTCs. In the light of the tendency that the GTCs are likely to be judged by the amount of export, excessive competition among them takes place not with the profitability but the nominal total amount of export as the criterion of success. 2. The growth of friction between the GTCs and MSEs. The leading role of the GTCs in the management of the MSE tends to produce friction between the two industries, causing antipathy in the management of the MSEs. 3. Better financing of the GTCs. The GTCs are inhibited by the weak supply of domestic credit as well as by the regulations controling the overseas monetary markets. 4. Export orientation of the GTC. The GTCs are oriented to the overseas rather than domestic markets, as a result of which their domestic market operation is undertaken in the small scale inflexibly. This leads to the exculusive orientation toward the overseas market. 5. The need of the GTCs to be independent from the Zaibatsu (the giant family trust in Korea). The Zaibatsu has the tendency to absorb rather than reinvest the fruits of the GTCs. As a result, The GTCs tend to develop weak financial structure of their own, binding their decision making power and initiatives. 6. The shortage of trained expert in salesmanship and sales engineering with the GTCs. The salesman and sales engineers technically trained are in shortage; they are difficult to produce because of the training required in such various fields as foreign languages, sale techniques, history, culture, economics and politics of the foreign countries. 7. Inadequate data-bank. There is a great need to develop institutional and policy-wise frameworks through which to systematically analyse, classify and control the information coming from the overseas branches and from other sources. 8. Inadequate assistances supplied for the MSEs by the GTCs. Due to the meagre amount of assistance, financial, managerial, technological, and productive, to be supplied by the GTCs, and ineffective division of labor has developed between the GTCs and the MSEs. Ⅱ. THe Current State of MSEs and Their Problems The number of the MSEs amounts to 23,304, which is equal to 96.2% of the total business in Korea in 1975. But, the workers they employ are only 45.2%; and output, 30.6%; and added value, 31.3% of the total. This shows that in contrast to the large number of the MSEs the percentages of the employees, production, and added value are relatively small, which proves the small scale of the MSEs. But, the MSEs have steadily grown, in fact, twenty-four times in production and twenty-six times in the added values from 1963 to 1975. And, the MSEs contributed to the Korean export with a share of 35% of the total export in 1976 and almost same share in 1977. In this sense, the MSEs have contributed to the development of the Korean economy, especially in the field of employment, export, regional development and community development. Notwithstanding, the MSEs have not been favored by the national economic policy which has tended to emphasize the economic scale modernization. The policy has led to the delay of innovation, lack of division of functions, and the friction of coexistence between the GTCs and the MSEs. Briefly, the problems of the MSEs are as follows: 1. Large differentials in scale between the MSEs and the big businesses including the GTCs. 2. Lack of development on their own intiatives due to their small scale operation and excessive competition among themselves. 3. Low productivity because of obsolete facilities. 4. The obsolete production techniques and management. 5. Difficulties to get technicians. 6. Disadvantages of finance and marketing due to high interest rates (usury) prevailing in the market. Ⅲ. The problems Related to the Linkage of the MSEs The problems are briefly explained on the basis of the actual survey made by the MSE Bank on 23,166 MSEs. The following findings are made; Only 11.2% of 23,166 MSEs have participated in the export business. The most of them. small in operation and financed inadequately, have been bound to the domestic market. The export-oriented MSEs are found disadvantaged in several respects: low productivity for 49.7% of them; inability of the overseas marketing development 25.9%, the inadequate overseas information, 19.2%; and the others, 5.4%. The MSEs which are suffering from "the cheap cost of goods ordered" are found to be 42.1%; from prolonged payment, 34.2%; and from excessive, rigid quality inspections, 18.7%. With respect to the product specialization, only 28.2% of 23,166 MSEs are found specialized. Disadvantages with specialization derives from mainly the small quantities to be produced under overspecified standards and regulations and from lack of technical expert and high quality. For the first, 65.9% of them are suffering; the latter, 17.7%. The MSEs which are suffering from manageral problems caused from the low level of sales are 52.6%; from the increase of production cost, 33.1%. The problems resulting from the above findings are as follows: 1. All transactions with respect to payments, price, and delivery center around the big businesses, including the GTCs and thus work in the favor of the big businesses. 2. Because of the low level of technology possessed by the MSEs, especially the electronic industry, the GTCs tend to prefer the supply of parts from overseas markets rather than from the MSEs within the country. This hinders the development of effective linkages. 3. Only a few GTCs are on good terms with the MSEs in the matters of technical assistance, finance, management and the supply of raw materials. Because of their limited role, the GTCs are offering the MSEs limited, passive assistances. 4. The excessively minute, rigid quality inspection constitutes the obstacle to the development of the MSEs. Ⅳ. THe Methods of Fostering GTCs The linkage of the MSEs with the GTCs provides the latter with an effective means for its sound development. The question of how to link the MSEs with the GTCs is the very question of how to foster the development of the GTCs. There are several methods: 1. Specialization of articles for export and import by the GTCs will be more effective than diversification of the articles. 2. A long rather than sort term contract between the GTCs and the MSEs will assure the demand of the GTCs as well as the supply of the MSEs, thereby overcoming the gap existing between them. 3. A long term credit with low interest rate for the GTCs will eventually help the MSEs. The supply of foreign credit must be encouraged. 4. An enlargement of the overseas market can be facilitated by the formation of the multinational enterprises, which will undoubtedly facilitate imports and exports of materials. 5. Since the business of the GTCs with specialization of articles could be better carried out by trained salesmen, it will be necessary for the GTCs develop and effective training program of the salesmen. Ⅴ. The Linkages for MESs 1. Since every business has not grown ready for the linkage, it will be necessary to set up a priority system of the linkages. 2. The problems of payment, price and delivery that arise in the transaction between the GTCs and MSEs have to be resolved more effectively. (a) An improvement in the terms of payment will lighten the financial burden of the MSEs. (b) A maintenance of optimal price by the GTCs will guarantee the quality of production by the MSEs. Through the maintenance, the GTCs should endeavor to improve the facility, modernization, and the level of technology of the MSEs. (c) Since the delivery of goods by the MSEs till affect the production activity of the GTCs, a consistent effort has to be made for the MSEs to avoid intermittent, unplanned delivery. 3. In order to maintain an optimal scale of operation of the MSEs, it will be necessary for the GTCs to establish a system to order a large quantity of goods from the MSEs. 4. A linkage system has to be established in the areas of specialization, raw materials to be supplied, sales, and above all the GTCs and MSEs themselves. 5. In order to strengthen the leadership for establishing effective linkages, the personnel of better quality has to be trained through such programs as exchange between the industries on linkage and establishment department with the objective to guide the production. 6. It is necessary to set up objective rules for inspection of the goods as well as trained personnel to carry out the inspection effectively. The lack of these rules often adversely affect the MSEs. 7. In order to facilitate the linkage functions, specialization, merge, change of business lines, and modernization of facilities, it is necessary to enact a legislation to establish a corporation to promote the medium, small businesses. This corporation may be tentatively called as the MSE Promotion Corp.