CGE모형을 이용한 2015년 파리기후변화협정의 국가별 이산화탄소 배출감소 이행안 시행의 경제적 영향분석

( Muhammad Zeshan ),고종환 ( Jong-hwan Ko ) 한국국제통상학회 2016 국제통상연구 Vol.21 No.4

논문은 2가지 연구목적을 가지고 있다. 하나는 2015년 파리기후변화회의에서 합의한 국가별 이산화탄소 배출감소안(INDCs)을 이행하는 경우, 세계경제와 관련국가 경제에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이며, 다른 하나는 이산화탄소 배출감소안(INDCs)을 제시하지 않은 국가들이 어느 정도 이산화탄소 배출을 줄이는 것이 바람직할 것인가를 도출하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 GTAP-E model과 2016년 2월 발표된 GTAP version 9 satellite database를 활용하였다. 연구 목적상 GTAP version 9 satellite database에 포함되어있는 140개 국가와 57개 산업을 각각 14개 국가와 10개 산업으로 통합하여 사용하였다. 2가지 시나리오를 상정하였다. 하나는 이산화탄소 거래제와 같은 제도를 도입하지 않고 이산화탄소 배출을 줄이는 경우이며(시나리오1), 다른 하나는 이산화탄소 거래제와 같은 제도를 활용하여 이산화탄소 배출을 줄이는 경우(시나리오2)이다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 보면, 이산화탄소거래제와 같은 제도를 활용함으로써 이산화탄소 한계배출비용을 크게 줄일 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 한국의 경우, 1톤당 이산화탄소 한계배출비용이 $134.7에서 $59.2로 줄어들며, 중국의 경우 $144.8에서 $59.7로 줄어들고, 일본의 경우 $127.8에서 $59.2로 줄어들며, EU27의 겨우 $222.8에서 $59.3 로 줄어들고, RoA1.의 경우 $121.7에서 $59.7로 줄어드는 것으로 분석되었다. 이산화탄소 거래제와 같은 제도를 활용함으로써 전세계적으로 약 4,000억$의 비용을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. This paper aims at two objectives. First, it addresses the CO₂ emission reduction targets committed in the Paris Climate Conference 2015 - also known as the INDCs - and measures their global economic implications. Second, it finds out the possible INDC targets for the regions that have not committed their INDC targets yet. It uses the GTAP-E model and the GTAP version 9 satellite database released in February 2016. It contains 140 regions and 57 sectors for each region. However, for analytical convenience, 140 regions and 57 sectors have been aggregated into 14 regions and 10 sectors, respectively. Two scenarios are run in this study. In scenario 1, it is assumed that countries are bound to meet their INDC targets without trade in CO₂ emissions. In scenario 2, it is assumed that countries are allowed to use flexibility mechanisms such as emission trading (ET) and joint implementation (JI). The simulation results show that global trade in CO₂ emissions reduces the marginal abatement costs per ton of CO₂ emissions from US$134.7 to $59.2 for Korea, $144.8 to $59.7 for China, $127.8 to $59.2 for Japan, $222.8 to $59.3 for EU27 and $121.7 to $59.7 for RoA1. Emission trading through the flexible mechanisms save globally around $400 billion.

Climate Change and Agriculture: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach

Muhammad Zeshan,Jong-Hwan Ko 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.6

This paper quantifies the impact of climate change on agriculture in East Asian and South Asian countries using a CGE based energy model and the latest GTAP satellite energy database version 9. The rising temperature causes an adverse supply shock reducing the productivity of agricultural commodities. Lower productivity reduces crop production while increasing their prices. India and Pakistan are predicted to be the main net exporters of rice while China, Japan and Korea are the main net importers of wheat, vegetables and fruits, oil seeds, sugarcane and other agricultural products after climate change. Finally, both the welfare level and GDP decrease in most of the East Asian and South Asian countries after climate change and China is expected to bear the highest GDP losses. Although climate change might increase the number of poor in East Asia and South Asia, however it provides many options for green businesses.

Fixture layout optimization for multi point respot welding of sheet metals

Zeshan Ahmad,Tipu Sultan,Muhammad Asad,Matteo Zoppi,Rezia Molfino 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.4

The high quality of welding in the automotive industry is achieved by proper positioning of the fixture elements. A new method, N-3-2-1 (N ≥ 1), is proposed for fixture layout optimization of sheet metals. The flexible nature of the sheet metals requires N+3 fixture elements to constrain it normal to the surface (primary plane), but 2-1 fixture elements for other two directions (secondary and tertiary). The objective function is to achieve high stiffness of the workpiece and is calculated in terms of strain energy. Finite element analysis (FEA) was combined with genetic algorithm. A method was also proposed to find the optimum fixturing position of the workpiece in multipoint respot welding operation. Two different kinds of case studies were solved and the performance of the proposed method was also tested in the industrial scenario by fixturing the workpiece and completing the respot welding operation with satisfactory results.

Mechanical and thermodynamic stability, structural, electronics and magnetic properties of new ternary thorium-phosphide silicides ThSi_xP_1-x: First-principles investigation and prospects for clean nuclear energy applications

Siddique, Muhammad,Iqbal, Azmat,Rahman, Amin Ur,Azam, Sikander,Zada, Zeshan,Talat, Nazia Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2

Thorium compounds have attracted immense scientific and technological attention with regard to both fundamental and practical implications, owing to unique chemical and physical properties like high melting point, high density and thermal conductivity. Hereby, we investigate the mechanical and thermodynamic stability and report on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of new silicon-doped cubic ternary thorium phosphides ThSi_xP_1-x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1). The first-principles density functional theory procedure was adopted within full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The exchange and correlation potential terms were treated within Generalized-Gradient-Approximation functional modified by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerrhof parameterizations. The proposed compounds showed mechanical and thermodynamic stable structure and hence can be synthesized experimentally. The calculated lattice parameters, bulk modulus, total energy, density of states, electronic band structure and spin magnetic moments of the compounds revealed considerable correlation to the Si substitution for P and the relative Si/P doping concentration. The electronic and magnetic properties of the doped compounds rendered them non-magnetic but metallic in nature. The main orbital contribution to the Fermi level arises from the hybridization of Th(6d+5f) and (Si+P)3p states. Reported results may have potential implications with regard to both fundamental point of view and technological prospects such as fuel materials for clean nuclear energy.

Combined application of biochar, compost, and bacterial consortia with Italian ryegrass enhanced phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil

Hussain, Fida,Hussain, Imran,Khan, Aqib Hassan Ali,Muhammad, Yousaf Shad,Iqbal, Mazhar,Soja, Gerhard,Reichenauer, Thomas Gerhard,Zeshan, Thomas Gerhard,Yousaf, Sohail Elsevier 2018 Environmental and experimental botany Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Petroleum hydrocarbons are extensively utilized in petrochemical industries and cause soil deterioration during exploration, transportation, refining and making petroleum products. We hypothesized that the combined use of compost, biochar and bacterial consortia as soil amendments may enhance the rhizoremediation potential of ryegrass by strengthening the plant rhizospheric effect for efficient total petroleum hydrocarbon removal. The present study focused on phytoremediation of hydrocarbons in spiked contaminated soil amended with biochar (5% v/v), and compost (5% v/v). Spiked soil was inoculated with consortia of four hydrocarbon degrading bacterial strains (<I>Pseudomonas poae, Actinobacter bouvetii, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila</I> and <I>Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae</I>). The spiked soil was prepared by spiking agricultural soil with 3.4% (w/w) of crude oil. Italian ryegrass (60 seeds pot<SUP>−1</SUP>) were sown and plants were harvested after 75 days.</P> <P>The highest hydrocarbon removal (85%) was observed in spiked soil amended with compost, biochar and consortia. Bacterial inoculation with biochar and compost showed significantly higher hydrocarbon degradation as compared to all other treatments. Highest TPHs degrading bacteria (5.74 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> cells g<SUP>−1</SUP> of soil) were observed in rhizosphere of spiked soil amended with compost, biochar and consortia. The organic amendments improved plant growth and bacterial count in rhizosphere which resulted in higher removal of hydrocarbons. We concluded that plant-microbe interactions together with the organic soil amendments offer an emerging trend for remediation of hydrocarbons. Rhizoremediation is a green solution to overcome the quandary of total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biochar and compost amendment enhanced rhizosphere effect. </LI> <LI> TPHs Rhizoremediation is improved by bacterial consortia and organic amendments. </LI> <LI> The organic amendments improved plant growth and bacterial count in rhizosphere. </LI> <LI> Compost is a rich source of bacteria in the rhizosphere. </LI> </UL> </P>

Multi-response Optimization in the Development of a Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric Using ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated Resin Finish under Taguchi Based Grey Relational Analysis and Fuzzy Logics Approaches

Naseer Ahmad,Shahid Kamal,Zulfiqar Ali Raza,Sharjeel Abid,Muhammad Zeshan 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.5

Present work investigates multi-response optimization in development of super-oleohydrophobic cotton fabricunder pad-dry-cure method. A bleached cotton fabric was treated with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated oil and waterrepellent finish (Oleophobol CP-C®) to impart in it antibacterial activity, UV protection and super oleo/hydrophobicity. Taguchi based fuzzy logics and grey relational analytical techniques were employed to obtain simultaneous optimum settingsof input parameters including concentrations of ZnO NPs, O-CPC® finish and Knittex FEL®, and curing temperature formultiple responses. The fuzzy logics and grey relational analysis were employed on the experimental data to determinesignificant process parameters for optimization of multiple responses. The present set of techniques was effectively used todevelop super-hydrophobic (WCA: 162 o) and oleophobic (OCA: 140 o) cotton fabric along with appropriate textileproperties as reported in the text. The developed fabric has potential uses in various domestic and house-hold applicationsdue to its antibacterial, self-cleaning, non-staining and UV-protection properties.