심근경색의 위험인자로서 Thrombomodulin유전자변이의 의의

박현영,김영미,권혁문,지선하,조승연,정남식,심원흠,장양수 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.6

논문 : 강원도 양양지역 소나무림의 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 관한 연구

김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),이영진 ( Young Jin Lee ),장미나 ( Mi Na Jang ),서연옥 ( Yeon Ok Seo ),구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),정성철 ( Sung Cheol Jung ),김경하 ( Kyung Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 강원도 양양지역에 분포하는 소나무림을 대상으로 지상부 바이오매스와 수관층 연료특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 양양군 현남면 하월천리 일대 소나무림으로 선정하였으며, 총 13본의 표본목을 벌채하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 양양지역 소나무림의 줄기밀도(g·cm-3)는 0.347~0.409, 지상부 바이오매스 확장계수는 1.251~1.419의 범위로 나타났다. 지상부 연료량은 총 161.6 Mg·ha-1로 나타났으며, 줄기 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 가지 29.3 Mg·ha-1, 잎 5.9 Mg·ha-1로 나타났다. 수관층 연료특성 인자에 관한 연구에서는 수관화 확산 시 연소될 수 있는 연소가능 연료(잎~1 cm이하 가지)의 비율은 45.2%로 나타났고, 연료량을 수관체적으로 나눈 연소가능 연료밀도(kg·m-3)는 평균 0.178로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 소나무림의 바이오매스 및 탄소 흡수량 추정과 수관화 위험성을 연료적 관점에서 평가하는데 있어 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the above-ground biomass and crown fuel characteristics of Pinus densiflora stands in Yangyang, Gangwon province. A total of thirteen representative trees were destructively sampled in Yangyang region. The results showed that the stem density (g·cm-3) was 0.347~0.409, whereas the above-ground biomass expansion factors ranged from 1.251~1.419. In terms of crown fuel biomass, the above-ground biomass was 161.6 Mg·ha-1 while the stem biomass, branch biomass and needle biomass were 126.4 Mg·ha-1, 29.3 Mg·ha-1 and 5.9 Mg·ha-1, respectively. Needles and twigs with less than 1 cm diameter accounted 45.2% of the total crown fuel load. The available crown bulk density, which was calculated by dividing the crown fuel load to the crown volume, was 0.178 kg·m-3. The results of this study on the biomass and carbon stocks estimation of the Pinus densiflora together with the crown fire hazard assessment based on crown fuel loads are very significant information for the forest managers.

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 낙엽생산과 토양유기탄소 동태

정헌모 ( Heon Mo Jeong ),김해란 ( Hae Ran Kim ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),이승혁 ( Seung Hyuk Lee ),한영섭 ( Young Sub Han ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),이상경 ( Sang Kyeong Lee ),김태규 ( Tae Kyu Kim ),유영한 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림 그리고 아까시나무림에서 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 낙엽생산량과 토양의 유기탄소량을 조사하였다. 소나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 신갈나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 11월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 아까시나무림은 2008년 11월과 2009년 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 이것은 한반도 중부에서 상록성의 소나무림이 낙엽성의 참나무숲 보다 더 일찍 낙엽이 진다는 것을 의미한다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 낙엽생산량은 7.07, 6.36, 5.02 ton ha-1로 소나무가 가장 많았다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 토양유기탄소량은 76.2, 68.6, 72.5 ton C ha-1로 소나무림에서 가장 많았다. 이처럼 소나무숲에서 높게 나타난 것은 남산에서 신갈나무나 아까시나무를 벌목하여 임목밀도가 줄었기 때문이다. The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, 4.66 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, 84.2 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.

신라의 건국신화와 국가제의

채미하(Chai, Mi-ha) 고려사학회 2014 한국사학보 Vol.- No.55

본 논문은 신라의 건국신화가 국가제의와 밀접한 관련을 가지면서 변화되었음을 살펴본 것이다. 남해왕 3년에 설치된 시조묘에는 박씨집단의 族祖인 혁거세를 모셨다. 하지만 아달라왕대 신라연맹체의 祭天이 사로국의 시조묘를 중심으로 통합되면서 혁거세는 국조가 되었고, 신라 상고기 내내 시조묘의 主神이 될 수 있었다. 이와 같은 혁거세의 위상 변화는 혁거세신화에도 반영되었는데, 혁거세의 죽음과 五陵전승에서 알 수 있었다. 그리고 혁거세의 배타성은 뱀의 방해로 알영이 혁거세와 합장하지 못하였다는데서 생각해 보았다. 소지왕 9년에 설치된 신궁의 주신은 혁거세로, 혁거세는 全국가적 시조왕의 성격을 지녔다. 이것은 신라의 건국신화에서 혁거세?알지?탈해가 서로 연결되어 있는 것에서 알 수 있었다. 특히 김씨왕실은 자신들의 시조인 알지를 혁거세신화에 부회하였다. 그리고 혁거세가 계정에서 태어났다든가, 알영이 혁거세와 같은 해에 태어났다는 전승을 통해 신궁단계에서 알영이 혁거세신화에 포용되었다고 하였다. 이러한 혁거세의 포용성은 신궁이 설치된 장소인 시조가 初生(誕降)한 장소, 즉 양산과 나을의 성격에서도 알 수 있었다. 신라 중대 김씨왕실은 중국 상고 전승에 나오는 소호금천씨에서 김성 칭성 이유를 찾았다. 그리고 오묘의 수위에는 그의 후손인 성한을 태조로 모셨고, 혜공왕대에는 미추왕을 김성 시조로 하고 오묘에 모셨다. 이러한 변화는 기왕의 혁거세?알영?탈해신화의 내용과는 달리, 혁거세와 알영을 서술성모가 낳았으며 탈해를 동악대왕으로 불렸다는데서 알 수 있었다. 그리고 건국신화를 보면 계정, 계림, 백마가 서쪽과 관련있다고 하면서 알영, 알지, 혁거세 탄생의 유사성을 강조하였다. 이것은 혈연적 계보를 중시하는 오묘제가 신라의 건국신화에 큰 변화를 주었음을 알 수 있다고 하였다. This thesis is study about that the birth myth of Silla was changed having close relationship with national ceremony for ancestral rite. Sijomyo set up at king Namhae 3 years enshrined Hyeokgeose who had been Sijo of Park"s family group. However Jaecheon of Silla Allied Communities was united into Sijomyo of Saro community at King Adalra period and Hyokgeose became not only Gookjo but also the main god of Sijomyo through ancient time of Silla.This change in Hyeokgeose"s status was reflected in Hyokgeose myth which could be seen in transmission about Hyeokgeose"s death and Oryeung. And the exclusiveness of Hyeokgeose was thought from that Alyoung had not buried with Hyeokgeose interrupted by a snake. The main god of the palace for gods establised atking Soji 9 years was Hyekgeose, who had characteristic of national king Sijo. This was understood given that Hyeokgeose. Alji.Talhae had been connected in birth myth of Silla. Especially Kim"s royal family made their Sijo, Alji took advantage of Hyeokgeose myth. They said that Alyoung was embraced in Hyeokgeose myth at the stage of palace for gods transmitting that Hyeokgeose had been borne in Gyejeong or Alyoung had been borne in the same year with Hyeokgeose. This characteristic of Hyeokgeose"s embracement was shown in the place as well where Sijo was first borne, that is, Yangsan and Naheol. Kim"s royal family during the middle period of Silla found the reason of designating Kim for their surname from Sohokumcheon family among transmission of Chinese ancient time. And his descendant, Seonghan was enshrined as Taejo in Omyo and at king Hyegong period, King Michu was enshrined in Omyo as Sijo of Kim"s surname. This change was also shown in that Hyeokgeose and Alyoung had been borne by Seosoolseongmo and Talhae had been called Dongakdaewang, which were different from previous myths on Hyeokgeose, Alyoung.Talhae. Also In birth myth, Gyejeong, Gyerim and Baekma were identified the same as Alyoung, Alji and Hyeokgeose were. This showed Omyoje which considered blood relation importantly effected a big change in the birth mith of Silla.

Suppression of lung inflammation by the methanol extract of <i>Spilanthes acmella</i> Murray is related to differential regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2

Kim, Kyun Ha,Kim, Eun Jung,Kwun, Min Jung,Lee, Ji Yeon,Bach, Tran The,Eum, Sang Mi,Choi, Jun Yong,Cho, Sayeon,Kim, Sang-Jun,Jeong, Seung-Il,Joo, Myungsoo Elsevier 2018 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.217 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P>Although <I>Spilanthes acmella</I> has been used to relieve inflammation, fever, pain, or infection in traditional Asian medicine, experimental evidence supporting these functions is scarce. Here, we examined an anti-inflammatory function and a possible underlying mechanism of <I>S. acmella</I> Murray (SAM).</P> <P><B>Materials and method</B></P> <P>The methanol extract of SAM was fingerprinted by HPLC. C57BL/6 mice were administered with a single intratracheal (i.t.) LPS and 2 h later with a single i.t. SAM. The effect of SAM on lung inflammation was assessed by histology, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and MPO assay of lung tissue. The effects of SAM on a pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB and an anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2 were analyzed by immunoblotting of nuclear proteins and by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of mRNA of the genes governed by these transcription factors. V5-Nrf2 was precipitated by an anti-V5 antibody and the ubiquitinated V5-Nrf2 was revealed by immunoblotting of HA-tagged ubiquitin.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The i.t. SAM robustly diminished a neutrophilic lung inflammation induced by i.t. LPS treatment of mice. In RAW 264.7 cells, SAM suppressed the nuclear localization of NF-κB and the expression of NF-κB-dependent cytokine genes. SAM increased the level of Nrf2 in the nucleus and the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes while suppressing ubiquitination of Nrf2.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Our results suggest that SAM can suppress a neutrophilic inflammation in mouse lungs, which is associated with suppressed NF-κB and activated Nrf2. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory function of <I>S. acmella</I>.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

煎湯方法의 變化에 의한 五積散 물추출액이 Hydrocortisone acetate로 유발한 瘀血病態에 미치는 효과

서부일,김미려,박지하,지선영,Seo, Bu-Il,Kim, Mi-Ryeo,Park, Ji-Ha,Ji, Seon-Yeong 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2001 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study was performed to compare the effect of Ojeoksan which have extracted by varied extractor(press extractor : PE, pressless extractor : PLE, short acting extractor : SE) on model of blood stasis in rats, Except for the normal group, hydrocortisone acetate(HA;25mg/kg in ethanol. IM) to induce experimental blood stasis model for 1 weeks and each extract of Ojeaksan was administrated after 1hr following HA injection for 1week. We measured the hematocrit, the platelet count, the prothrombin time, levels of fibrinogen in rats' blood, The sample Ⅰ(Ojeoksan extracted by PE) group showed significant decrease of hematocrit. prothrombin time and significant increase of the platelet count, levels of fibrinogen in comparison with those of the control group, The sample Ⅱ(Ojeaksan) extracted by PLE) group showed significant decrease of hematocrit and significant increase of levels of fibrinogen in comparison with those of the control group. Administration of the sample Ⅲ(Ojeaksan extracted by SE) group showed significant decrease of hematocrit and significant increase of the platelet count, levels of fibrinogen in comparison with those of the control group.

Larkin 시에 나타난 부정의 형식과 효과

하미애 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.1

Larkin's poetry demonstrates a noticeable preoccupation with pattern and forces of negation. There is the Larkin poem whose semantics are made negative due to its subject. matter(physical death and the death of consciousness are prime subjects in this respect). Clausal and sub-clausal types of negation, are also unmistakable aspects of Larkin's syntax. The physical absence that is constantly creating in Larkin feelings of emptiness. dreadfulness, and darkness, is death. The first type of absence for which Larkin expresses a simple yearning always thrills him as it may relieve him of burdens of sociability and painful consciousness that comes along with knowledge. But as he comes to reflect on the second he appears frightened, shaken, and even paralysed by the thought of it. His reaction to his own' absence is demonstrated in feelings of void, fear, and even theological despair. He points out that one's end comes so forcefully and inevitably that religion, which by the way he does not show interest in, fails as an escape· route to contravene its coming. Stylistically Larkin's negative vision of life is carried through negative structures and formations. He relies upon and manipulates negative sentences and other word-formations. He uses clausal and sub-clausal negation as means of presenting the kind of vision he seeks to convey. In Larkin's negative linguistic environment they bring into light sets of different actions and states of being before they cancel them out. Larkin's favorite part of speech as far as the negative formations are concerned is the adjective. Two classes of adjectives capture Larkin's attention, the comparative and more important the participial. Both, like verbs, are preceded by the same class-preserving negative prefix 'un', Both function either as heads of phrases serving as predicate complements in clause structures or pre-head modifiers in noun phrase structures. Mostly Larkin depends upon comparative adjective to give his concepts of ordinariness, love, marriage, and life. Or they may account for the dilemma of man in modern society And it appeilrs that Larkin's swing between the positive and negative aspect of the 'un-formation' like his manipulation of sentential negation, reflects a tendency on his part to reduce things down to their true dimensions and qualities. It is an aspect of his style that is designated to bring to light the human situations and emotions reveled in his poems.

우리 나라 보건관리대행서비스 평가 연구

하은희,조수헌,김선민,주영수,한상환,하미나,권호장,홍윤철,김창엽 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Group occupational health service programme started in 1990 is one of the measures to cope with limited human and financial resources in occupational health. The programme has expanded rapidly to include 52 institutions, private as well as public, all over the country. In spite of its potential impact on health of employees and practice of occupational health in small and medium sized industries, comprehensive evaluation in terms of quality has not been tried. This study has aims to develop the criteria to assess the quality of newly developed group occupational health service programme, and to investigate the quality of institutions, and finally to develop policies for the quality improvement. 1) Criteria development : By defining occupational health services, in particular for small and medium sized industries, as one of the primary health care, followings are included as core elements of qualitative occupational health programme; accessibility, continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, intersectoral collaboration, emphasis on preventive services, community participation, and adequacy. Again each element is divided into five major components of national health system infrastructure developed by the World Health Organization; development of health resources, organized arrangement of resources, delivery of health care, economic support, and management. In turn, each component is categorized into three aspects of quality assessment, structure, process and outcome. Expert panel selected several criteria for each category to evaluate the programme. Criteria were modified according to each group of interviewees, to produce two sets of questionnaire, one for chief operating officer and another for nurses in the institutions, and the chief operating officer and workers in the workplace. 2) Subject : Of all 52 institutions, 25 voluntarily participated in the survey. At individual institution, chief operating officer and practicing nurses were interviewed in depth. After intensive education for interviewees, every interviewees, every interview was performed with standardized guideline and questionnaire. The quality of the 'Group occupational health service programme' was found to be lower than expected. Especially in continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, community participation and adequacy, lower quality in structural aspect was commonly identified throughout all the institutions,. Quality in terms of accessibility and continuity highly varied among institutions., To improve quality of the programme, more comprehensive and systematic programme such as accreditation has to be introduced. In addition, human resources, governmental fund and information systems for individual workers are to be developed. As a long range plan, integration of occupational health services into the national health systems and pooling of financial resources and planned allocation should be considered.

Expansin으로 형질전환 된 담배의 생장 특성

신하정, 성현정, 백승준, 김보미, 엄유리, 조은정, 정찬문, 이이 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

3교대 근로자에서 교대근무기간과 혈압 및 심박수 변동성

하미나,김재용,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

목적 : 교대근무가 심혈관계에 미치는 만성적인 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 방법 : 4조 3교대의 빠른 순환주기의 교대근무를 하는 1개 제조업체 남성근로자 134명을 대상으로 교대근무마다 혈압 및 심박수 변동성을 측정하였다. 교란변수로서 Karasek의 직무긴장도 모델에 의거한 49항목의 직무스트레스설문지를 이용하여 직무스트레스를 측정하였고, 수면유형과 흡연, 음주력 및 과거병력 등의 사항에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 반복측정 자료의 분석을 위해 mixed model을 이용한 다변량 회귀분석을 수행하여, 교대근무기간과 혈압 및 심박수 변동성과의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 결과 : 대상 근로자의 평균연령은 29 세였다(범위 25∼44). 이들 중 77.9 % 는 현재도 흡연을 하고 있었고, 50 % 는 직무긴장도 모형에서 수동형이었다. 평균 총 교대근무기간은 5.21 년(범위 5.4 개월∼10년)이었다. 수면유형검사에서는, 극단적인 아침형이나 극단적인 저녁형은 없었다. 연령, 직무스트레스, 수면유형 및 흡연을 보정한 다변량 분석에서, 혈압은 총 교대근무기간이 증가함에 따라 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하는 소견을 보였다(p(0.05). 심박수 변동성은 저주파 및 고주파 영역 모두에서 총 교대근무기간이 증가함에 따라 유의한 감소양상을 나타냈다(p<0.05) . 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 교대근무가 혈압을 상승시키고 심박수 변동성을 감소시키는 것으로써 심혈관계 기능에 영향을 미침을 보여주었다. Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the chronic health effect of shift-work on cardiovascular system. Methods : We checked blood pressure(BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) at every shift on 134 male workers whose shift type was 8-hour and short rotating of 3 days shift interval. As confoundings, job stress was measured by Karasek's JCQ 49 items questionnaire and circardian type was assessed by morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Smoking and alcohol drinking habit, marital status and past medical history were also acquired. We used the method of repeated measured data analysis with mixed model to show the association between shiftwork duration and BP or HRV. Results : Average age of workers was 29 years olds(range 25∼44). Among them, 77.9 % were current smokers, 50 % were the passive type of job strain in Karasek's model. Mean shiftwork duration was 5.21 years(range 5.4 months∼10 years). In circadian type, no one was definitely morning type or definitely evening type. In multivariate analyses adjusted by age, job strain, shift, circadian rhythm and smoking, blood pressure were showed significantly increasing trends according to shiftwork duration in both systolic and diastolic (p(0.05) . Heart rate variability were also showed significantly decreasing trends according to shiftwork duration in both parasympathetic and sympathetic functions (p(0.05) . Conclusions : The results of this studs suggests the chronic negative health effect of shiftwork on cardiovascular system.