Intracellular Loop in the Brain Isoforms of Anoctamin 2 Channels Regulates Calcium-dependent Activation

이동수,Lim Hocheol,Lee Jungryun,하고은,No Kyoung Tai,정은지 한국뇌신경과학회 2023 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.32 No.3

Anoctamin 2 (ANO2 or TMEM16B), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), performs diverse roles in neurons throughout the central nervous system. In hippocampal neurons, ANO2 narrows action potential width and reduces postsynaptic depolarization with high sensitivity to Ca2+ at relatively fast kinetics. In other brain regions, including the thalamus, ANO2 mediates activity-dependent spike frequency adaptations with low sensitivity to Ca2+ at relatively slow kinetics. How this same channel can respond to a wide range of Ca2+ levels remains unclear. We hypothesized that splice variants of ANO2 may contribute to its distinct Ca2+ sensitivity, and thus its diverse neuronal functions. We identified two ANO2 isoforms expressed in mouse brains and examined their electrophysiological properties: isoform 1 (encoded by splice variants with exons 1a, 2, 4, and 14) was expressed in the hippocampus, while isoform 2 (encoded by splice variants with exons 1a, 2, and 4) was broadly expressed throughout the brain, including in the cortex and thalamus, and had a slower calcium-dependent activation current than isoform 1. Computational modeling revealed that the secondary structure of the first intracellular loop of isoform 1 forms an entrance cavity to the calcium-binding site from the cytosol that is relatively larger than that in isoform 2. This difference provides structural evidence that isoform 2 is involved in accommodating spike frequency, while isoform 1 is involved in shaping the duration of an action potential and decreasing postsynaptic depolarization. Our study highlights the roles and molecular mechanisms of specific ANO2 splice variants in modulating neuronal functions.

성장기 소아청소년들의 이차성징에 따른 진맥시 맥박변화와 골연령, 역연령, 키, 체중 등의 상관성 연구

임영권(Youngkwern Lim),민서림(Seorim Min),허광욱(Kwang-Wook Hur),김희만(Heeman Kim),천상렬(Sang-Yeol Chun),서경석(Kyeung-Suk Suh),김용(Yong Kim),이훈(Hoon Lee),박히준(Hi-Joon Park),백유상(You-sang Baik),김호철(Hocheol Kim) 대한한의학회 2014 대한한의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Simultaneous Determination of Baicalein, Baicalin, Wogonin, and Wogonoside in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of the Standardized Extract of Scutellariae Radix

정혜진,Sunyoung Lim,In Sook Kim,Youngmin Bu,Hocheol Kim,김동현,유혜현 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.1

A new composition of standardized Scutellariae Radix extract (HPO12) was developed for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. For the preclinical pharmacokinetic study of HPO12, a rapid, sensitive, and selective LCMS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 4 bioactive compounds,baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, and wogonoside. After extraction with ethylacetate, chromatographic analysis was performed on a Thermo C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1%formic acid (A) and 0.1% formic acid in 95% acetonitrile (B) by using gradient elution at a flow rate of 250μL/min. Analytes introduced to a mass spectrometer were monitored by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)in positive ion mode. Using 25 μL of plasma sample, the method was validated over the following concentration ranges: 25-5000 ng/mL for baicalein, 20-40000 ng/mL for baicalin, 1-1000 ng/mL for wogonin,and 5-10000 ng/mL for wogonoside. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples at the 4 concentrations showed ≤ 13.7% relative standard deviation (RSD) and 86.6-105.5% accuracy. The method was successfully applied to determine the concentrations of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, and wogonoside in rat plasma after intraperitoneal and oral administrations of HPO12.

대학 글쓰기 교육에서 ‘자기소개서’의 재구성 연구

신호철(Shin, Hocheol),임옥규(Lim, Okkyu) 중앙어문학회 2017 語文論集 Vol.71 No.-

본고는 ‘자기소개서’에 대한 용어나 개념들이 새롭게 등장하고 혼용되는 현상이 심화되고 있어, ‘자기소개서’ 관련 용어와 개념들을 정리하면서 그에 따라 현재 대학 글쓰기 수업에서 ‘자기소개서’ 교육을 하는 데 있어 문제점과 보충할 점들에 대한 논의를 통해 새롭게 ‘자기소개서’를 재구성하는 데 목적을 두었다. 먼저 ‘자기소개서’ 관련 용어로 모두 14개가 사용되고 있었다. 이를 ‘자기’류, ‘자아’류, ‘자(서)전’류의 세 유형으로 분류하였다. 또 이 세 유형에 결합되는 단어들로는 ‘발견, 서사, 성찰, 소개, 탐색, 표현, 글쓰기’ 등이 있었는데, 이 단어들의 기본적인 개념에 따라 각 단어들의 개념 의미를 분석하였다. 그 결과 ‘자기’류의 경우 주로 학습자의 외면 세계를 기술하는 것을 지향하고, ‘자아’류는 학습자의 내면 세계를 지향하고, ‘자(서)전’류는 학습자의 내외면 세계를 지향하는 경향성을 보였다. 또한 이들과 결합하는 단어들에 따라서 그 기술 내용이 결정되는데, ‘서사, 성찰, 탐색’의 단어가 결합하면 주로 내면 세계를 지향하고, ‘소개’란 단어가 결합하면 외면 세계를 지향하며, ‘발견, 표현’의 단어가 결합하면 내면 세계와 외면 세계를 중립적으로 기술하는 경향성에 대하여 논의하였다. 그리고 그동안의 ‘자기소개서’를 유형화한 관련 연구들의 논의를 바탕으로 ‘자기소개서’의 유형을 분석하였다. 대체로 ‘자기 성찰적 글쓰기(내면 지향 유형)’ 유형과 ‘취업 목적용 글쓰기(외면 지향 유형)’ 유형으로 이분화되고 있으며, 여기에 이들을 통합·연계하는 글쓰기 유형의 세 유형으로 구분하였다. 그러나 자기소개서의 역할과 기능이 자기 성찰이나 취업에만 국한되지 않음을 확인하고, 대학 신입생들의 환경적인 요인과 대학 생활 주기를 고려하여 대학입학 직후의 신입생들이 학습해야 할 ‘자기소개서’의 유형으로 ‘소통 지향 유형’을 설정하여 주변 사람들과의 친교를 목적으로 하여 자기를 알리고 친분 관계를 형성하고 유지하고 발전시킬 수 있는 소통 지향의 자기소개서의 역할과 기능을 추가하였다. 이렇게 ‘자기소개서’를 재구성하여 대학 글쓰기 수업의 ‘자기소개서’ 교육에 대해 신입생 대상의 ‘소통 지향 유형’의 자기소개서와 2·3학년 대상의 자기 성찰과 발견 목적의 ‘내면 지향 유형’의 자기소개서와 4학년 대상의 자기 홍보와 취업 목적의 ‘외면 지향 유형’의 자기소개서로 재구성하였다. It is necessary to organize the terms and concepts that are related to “Self-introduction” because they are newly introduced and mixed. By discussing the problems and supplementary points about teaching “Self-introduction,” this paper aimed to reconstruct this module. First, 14 related terms in “Self-introduction” were classified into three types: “self,” “ego,” and “autobiography.” In addition, the words that are associated with these three types were “discovery, narrative, reflection, introduction, exploration, expression, and writing.” The conceptual meaning of each word was analyzed according to their basic concept. As a result, the type “self” is mainly aimed at describing the external world of the learners, whereas “ego” is aimed at the internal world of the learners. On the other hand, “autobiography” is aimed at both internal and external worlds of the learners. In addition, the description contents are decided according to the words combined with them. When the words related to “narrative, reflection, and exploration” are combined, they are aimed at the internal world. When the words for “introduction” are combined, they are aimed at the external world. In addition, we discussed the tendency when the words related to “discovery” and “expression” were combined to describe the internal and external worlds neutrally. Furthermore, I analyzed the types of “Self-introduction” based on the discussions in related studies that have typified this topic. In general, they are divided into “self-reflection writing (inner-oriented type)” type and “writing for employment purposes (outer-oriented type),” which are further classified into three types. However, it was confirmed that the role and function of self-introduction was not limited to self-reflection and employment. Considering the environmental factors and university life cycle of university freshmen, it is necessary to set up “communication-oriented type” into the teaching of “Self-introduction” for freshmen upon entering the university: This is because the role and function of communication-oriented self-introduction can form, maintain, and develop relationships. In the reconstruction of “Self-introduction” education of university writing class, the new module comprises “communication-oriented type” for freshmen, “inner-oriented type” for the second and third grade students to promote self-reflection and discovery, and “external-oriented type” for the fourth grade students to inculcate self-promotion and employment skills.

Protective effects of a novel herbal decoction on focal cerebral ischemia in a rodent model

Kim, Myung-Gyou,Choi, Jae-Hwan,Lim, Jong-Pil,Kim, Dae-Keun,Shin, Tae-Yong,Boo, Yungmin,Kim, Sun-Yeou,Kim, Hocheol,Ha, Eunyoung,Park, Hun-Kuk,Kim, Jeongseon,Lim, Ha-Sup,Kim, Ee-Hwa,Kim, Jeung-Beum,Leem Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2007 Neurological research Vol.29 No.suppl1

Mori Folium and Mori Fructus Mixture Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Mice

Kim, Hyo Geun,Jeong, Hyun Uk,Park, Gunhyuk,Kim, Hocheol,Lim, Yunsook,Oh, Myung Sook Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2015 No.-

<P>Obesity has become a global health problem, contributing to various diseases including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that obesity can also cause neuronal damage, long-term memory loss, and cognitive impairment. The leaves and the fruits of <I>Morus alba</I> L., containing active phytochemicals, have been shown to possess antiobesity and hypolipidemic properties. Thus, in the present study, we assessed their effects on cognitive functioning in mice fed a high-fat diet by performing immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against c-Fos, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density protein 95 and a behavioral test. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet for 21 weeks exhibited increased body weight, but mice coadministered an optimized Mori Folium and Mori Fructus extract mixture (2 : 1; MFE) for the final 12 weeks exhibited significant body weight loss. Additionally, obese mice exhibited not only reduced neural activity, but also decreased presynaptic and postsynaptic activities, while MFE-treated mice exhibited recovery of these activities. Finally, cognitive deficits induced by the high-fat diet were recovered by cotreatment with MFE in the novel object recognition test. Our findings suggest that the antiobesity effects of MFE resulted in recovery of the cognitive deficits induced by the high-fat diet by regulation of neural and synaptic activities.</P>

성조숙증으로 진단된 여자 환아에서 호르몬 수치가 개선된 치험 1례

임영권,허광욱,박송이,서경석,천상렬,이석진,이훈,김호철,Lim, Youngkwern,Hur, Kwang-Wook,Park, Song Yi,Suh, Kyeung Suk,Chun, Sang Yeol,Lee, Suk Jin,Lee, Hoon,Kim, Hocheol 대한한방소아과학회 2014 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out how taking oriental herbal medicine may affect the sex hormone levels in a patient who was diagnosed with prematurity. Methods We prescribed 120 cc of oriental herbal medicine twice daily for a month to a patient suspected of the precocious puberty due to 11 pg/ml of the estradiol level. Upon finishing the course of oriental herbal medicine, the patient was retested for the follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizng hormone and estradiol levels. Results After administration, all levels of luteininzing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone and estradiol were decreased. There was no diagnosable evidence for the idiopathic central precocious puberty in the gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation. Conclusions Oriental herbal medicine is a good alternative treatment of choice for the precocious puberty. However, more in-depth studies are to be followed.

Comparisons of Effects of Biman-tang according to Administration Period in Childhood Obesity

임영권,민서림,김희만,허광욱,이훈,이진수,김호철,박재우,박히준,Lim, Youngkwern,Min, Seorim,Kim, Heeman,Hur, Kwang-Wook,Lee, Hoon,Lee, Jinsoo,Kim, Hocheol,Park, Jae-Woo,Park, Hi-Joon The Association of Korean Oriental Pediatrics 2013 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and effect of Biman-tang (BMT) on two different administration periods in the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity. Methods In retrospective study, 39 overweight and obese ($85^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ Body Mass Index (BMI)) children were treated with BMT from January 2006 to April 2013 at Korean Medical Clinic in Suwon, Korea. The primary outcomes were the changes in BMI and Obesity Index (OI) from baseline to the treatment groups. Secondary outcomes included the changes in height, weight and safety of the medicine. Comparisons of BMI, OI, height and weight between the short-period (SP) treatment group and the long-period (LP) treatment group were done by using ANCOVA. Results The change of the mean of BMI ($-0.5{\pm}0.6kg/m^2$ vs $-1.4{\pm}0.8kg/m^2$, respectively; p=0.003) and OI ($-3.6{\pm}3.9%$ vs $-9.7{\pm}4.7%$, respectively; p<0.001) showed significant reduction both in SP (n=16) and LP treatment group (n=23). The mean height showed no significant difference in both groups. The mean weight of LP treatment group showed significant reduction compared to SP treatment group ($-0.2{\pm}1.3kg$ vs $-1.6{\pm}1.6kg$, respectively; p=0.006). Most of the children were compliant to the medication and no serious adverse events were found in two groups. Conclusions These findings emphasize that BMT is effective in the treatment of childhood obesity and it requires at least 45 days of treatment for the best result.