T Cell-Specific siRNA Delivery Using Antibody-Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles

Lee, Jangwook,Yun, Kyoung-Soo,Choi, Chang Seon,Shin, Seung-Hwa,Ban, Hong-Seok,Rhim, Taiyoun,Lee, Sang Kyung,Lee, Kuen Yong American Chemical Society 2012 Bioconjugate chemistry Vol.23 No.6

<P>The intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) plays a key role in RNA interference (RNAi) and provides an emerging technique to treat various diseases, including infectious diseases. Chitosan has frequently been used in gene delivery applications, including siRNA delivery. However, studies regarding the modification of chitosan with antibodies specifically targeting T cells are lacking. We hypothesized that chitosan nanoparticles modified with T cell-specific antibodies would be useful for delivering siRNA to T cells. CD7-specific single-chain antibody (scFvCD7) was chemically conjugated to chitosan by carbodiimide chemistry, and nanoparticles were prepared by a complex coacervation method in the presence of siRNA. The mean diameter and zeta potential of the scFvCD7-chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles were approximately 320 nm and +17 mV, respectively, and were not significantly influenced by the coupling of antibody to chitosan. The cellular association of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles to CD4+ T cell lines as well as gene silencing efficiency in the cells was significantly improved compared to nonmodified chitosan nanoparticles. This approach to introducing T cell-specific antibody to chitosan nanoparticles may find useful applications for the treatment of various infectious diseases.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bcches/2012/bcches.2012.23.issue-6/bc2006219/production/images/medium/bc-2011-006219_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bc2006219'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Pollen Allergic Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Virus Resistant Pepper and Functional Chinese Cabbage

Lee, Ju-Suk,Kim, Ye-Jin,Ryu, Ki-Hyun,Han, Tae-Ho,Park, Kuen-Woo,Chung, Kyu-Hwan,Lee, Chan,Lee, Gung-Pyo,Kim, Sun-Hyung,Hong, Jin-Sung,Park, Young-Doo,Woo, Eun-Taeck,Park, Sung-Chul,Son, Dae-Yeul 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.2

Pollen of genetically modified (GM) pepper containing the gene for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) coat protein (CP) and GM Chinese cabbage with high phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC) content was investigated for assessment of allergic risk. Amino acid (AA) sequences of the inserted gene products of GM virus resistant pepper and GM Chinese cabbage with high PEITC content were compared with those of known allergens. No known allergen greater than 35% AA sequence homology, over 80 AA window or more than 8 consecutive identical AA was found. Protein patterns of GM/non-GM pepper and Chinese cabbage pollen extracts in SDS-PAGE analysis showed the same distribution of protein bands among the GM and non-GM pepper or Chinese cabbage, respectively. Sera from pollen allergic patients showed some IgE reactivity via immunoblotting and ELISA; however, no differences were observed between the pollen of GM and non-GM pepper or Chinese cabbage, respectively. Based on these results, we conclude that pollens of the virus resistant GM pepper and GM Chinese cabbage with high PEITC have no differences in their protein composition or allergenicity relative to non-GM pepper and Chinese cabbage.

Fuel-Cell Generation Systems Design with Active Clamping Current-Fed Half-Bridge Converter

Sung-Ho Kim,Su-Jin Jang,Tae-Won Lee,Han-Kuen Jang 전력전자학회 2004 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this paper, a new active clamping current-fed half-bridge converter has been proposed, which is suitable for Fuel Cell(FC) based power generation systems. The proposed converter has outstanding advantages over the conventional dc-dc converters with respect to high efficiency, high power density, and high component utilization.<br/> In special, the proposed converter has predominant high boosting output voltage and high efficiency characteristics under the inherently severe low output voltage of the fuel cell through the overall load conditions.<br/> The proposed FC generation system consist of active clamping current-fed half-bridge converter to boost the FC voltage (28~43[V]) to 380[V]. A single phase full-bridge inverter is employed to produce 220[V], 60[HZ] AC outputs.

Three Cases of Rare Anatomic Variations of the Long Head of Biceps Brachii

Sang-Ho Kwak,Seung-Jun Lee,Byung Wook Song,Min-Soo Lee,Kuen Tak Suh 대한견주관절의학회 2015 대한견주관절학회지 Vol.18 No.2

In general, the long head of the biceps brachii originates from the superior glenoid labrum and the supraglenoid tubercle, crosses the rotator cuff interval, and extends into the bicipital groove. However, rare anatomic variations of the origins of the long head have been reported in the past. In this report, we review the clinical history, radiologic findings, and arthroscopic identifications of 3 anatomic variants of the biceps tendon long head. As the detection of long head of biceps tendon pathology during preoperative radiologic assessment can be difficult without prior knowledge, surgeons should be aware of such possible anatomic variations.

Twinning and slip behaviors and microstructural evolutions of extruded Mg-1Gd alloy with rare-earth texture during tensile deformation

Lee, Sang Won,Kim, Sang-Hoon,Jo, Wan-Kuen,Hong, Won-Hwa,Kim, Woong,Moon, Byoung Gi,Park, Sung Hyuk Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.791 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An extruded Mg-1Gd alloy with a non-basal texture, whose basal poles are tilted 60.9° from the extrusion direction (ED), exhibits a high room-temperature tensile elongation of 37.2%. This study investigates the active deformation mechanisms and microstructural evolutions of this highly ductile extruded alloy during tensile deformation through <I>in situ</I> electron backscatter diffraction analysis. When tensile strain is applied along the ED, a small amount of {10-12} twins is formed at the early stage of deformation, and the twins gradually grow with increasing applied strain. However, {10-11} twins and {10-11}-{10-12} twins, which are generally observed in extruded Mg alloys with a typical basal fiber texture, are not formed during deformation. The tilted initial texture is favorable for basal slip, and therefore, basal slip is vigorously activated during tension. As a consequence, the average angle between the <I>c</I>-axis of the grains and the ED increases from 60.9° to 66.3° as the applied tensile strain increases from 0% to 30%. Prismatic slip is also activated during tension, which is confirmed by the gradual increase in the rotation angle of the prismatic poles around the <0001> axis during deformation. The activation of prismatic slip causes a significant reduction in the texture intensity of the alloy during deformation. The high ductility of the Mg-1Gd alloy is attributed mainly to the activation of {10-12} twinning, which is beneficial to elongation, instead of the activation of {10-11} twinning, which is detrimental to elongation, and the promoted activation of basal and non-basal slips. Furthermore, microstructural characteristics such as the fully recrystallized structure, large average grain size, and absence of second-phase particles also contribute to the high ductility of the alloy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Tensile deformation behaviors of Mg-1Gd alloy with an RE texture are investigated. </LI> <LI> {10-12} Twins—not {10-11} twins detrimental to elongation—are formed under tension. </LI> <LI> Basal poles move away from the ED with deformation by the activation of basal slip. </LI> <LI> Lattice rotation by activation of prismatic slip causes gradual texture weakening. </LI> <LI> The alloy's high ductility is due mainly to the activation of twinning and slips. </LI> </UL> </P>

Hydroxylation and sulfation of sex steroid hormones in inflammatory liver

Lee, Sang R.,Lee, Seung-yeon,Kim, Sang-yun,Ryu, Si-yun,Park, Bae-kuen,Hong, Eui-Ju Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH -ELSEVIER- ENGLISH Vol.31 No.5

<P>Sex steroids, also known as gonadal steroids, are oxidized with hydroxylation by cytochrome P450, glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, sulfation by sulfotransferase, and<I>O</I>-methylation by catechol <I>O</I>-methyltransferase. Thus, it is important to determine the process by which inflammation influences metabolism of gonadal hormones. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of metabolic enzymes against high physiologic inflammatory response<I>in vivo</I> to study their biochemical properties in liver diseases. In this study, C57BL/6N mice were induced with hepatic inflammation by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) exposure. We observed upregulation of Cyp19a1, Hsd17b1, Cyp1a1, Sult1e1 in the DEN-treated livers compared to the control-treated livers using real time PCR. Moreover, the increased Cyp19a1 and Hsd17b1 levels support the possibility that estrogen biosynthesis from androgens are accumulated during inflammatory liver diseases. Furthermore, the increased levels of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 in the hydroxylation of estrogen facilitated the conversion of estrogen to 2- or 4-hydroxyestrogen, respectively. In addition, the substantial increase in the Sult1e1 enzyme levels could lead to sulfate conjugation of hydroxyestrogen. The present information supports the concept that inflammatory response can sequester sulfate conjugates from the endogenous steroid hormones and may suppress binding of sex steroid hormones to their receptors in the whole body. </P>

Visible light-driven decomposition of α-pinene and toluene over N and Fe dual-doped one-dimensional titania nanostructures with improved efficiency

Lee, Joon Yeob,Hong, Won-Hwa,Kim, Woong,Park, Sung Hyuk,Jo, Wan-Kuen Pergamon Press 2017 Materials research bulletin Vol.94 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study explores the photocatalytic performance of novel N and Fe dual-doped, one-dimensional TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotube structures (N–Fe–TNTs) for the degradation of α-pinene and toluene under visible-light illumination. N–Fe–TNTs were synthesized using a combination of sonochemical-hydrothermal-impregnation processes. N–Fe–TNT hybrids showed higher photocatalytic efficiency compared to pure TNT, N-doped TNT, and Fe-doped TNT. Specifically, the average decomposition efficiencies for α-pinene and toluene over N–Fe–TNT-1.0 were 94.6% and 88.7%, respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of the N–Fe–TNT hybrids improved as the Fe loading was increased gradually from 0.35% to 1.0%, though a further increase in Fe loadings led to reduced photocatalytic efficiency. The mineralization efficiencies of α-pinene and toluene were 43.2% and 47.7%, respectively. Gaseous intermediates were determined during the photocatalytic processes. Overall, the synthesized N–Fe–TNTs could be used efficiently to decompose α-pinene and toluene under visible-light exposure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N–Fe–TNTs were prepared via a combined sonochemical-hydrothermal-impregnation process. </LI> <LI> N–Fe–TNT hybrids showed improved efficiency compared to pure TNT and N-TNT. </LI> <LI> Mineralization efficiency and intermediates for photocatalysis were determined. </LI> <LI> N–Fe–TNT with a Fe loading of 1.0% showed the maximum photocatalytic efficiency. </LI> <LI> N–Fe–TNTs could be used capably to control pollutants with an efficiency up to 95%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Grain-Refined AZ92 Alloy with Superior Strength and Ductility

Lee, Jong Un,Kim, Sang-Hoon,Jo, Wan-Kuen,Hong, Won-Hwa,Kim, Woong,Bae, Jun Ho,Park, Sung Hyuk Springer-Verlag 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.4

<P>Grain-refined AZ92 (GR-AZ92) alloy with superior tensile properties is developed by adding 1 wt% Zn and a very small amount of SiC (0.17 wt%) to commercial AZ91 alloy for enhancing the solid-solution strengthening effect and refining the crystal grains, respectively. The homogenized GR-AZ92 alloy with an average grain size of 91 mu m exhibits a tensile yield strength (TYS) of 125 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 281 MPa, and elongation of 12.1%, which are significantly higher than those of AZ91 alloy with a grain size of 420 mu m (TYS of 94 MPa, UTS of 192 MPa, and elongation of 7.0%). The peak-aging time of GR-AZ92 alloy (8 h) is significantly shorter than that of AZ91 alloy (32 h) owing to a larger amount of grain boundaries in the former, which serve as nucleation sites of Mg17Al12 precipitates. A short-aging treatment for less than 1 h of the GR-AZ92 alloy causes an effective improvement in its strength without a significant reduction in its ductility. The 30-min-aged GR-AZ92 alloy has an excellent combination of strength and ductility, with a TYS of 142 MPa, UTS of 304 MPa, and elongation of 8.0%.</P>

The Selection Criteria of Korean Astronauts

Lee Joo-Hee,Choi Gi-Hyuk,Kim Youn-Kyu,Kim Jong-Woo,Lee Won-Kuen,Hwang Sang-Ho 한국우주과학회 2004 한국우주과학회보 Vol.13 No.2

[P10-238] LDL receptor induction by essential oils in Artemisia Montana Pampan in HepG2 cells

Sung-Joon Lee,Kuen-Woo Park,Sung-Ok Park,Mi-Ja Chung 한국식품영양과학회 2005 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2005 No.10