일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

식이를 통한 농약섭취량에 관한 연구 : 두류, 서류, 견과류, 종실류, 채소류, 과실류 및 그 가공품에 대하여 legumes,potatoes,nuts,seeds,vegetables,fruits and their products

원경풍,홍무기,최동미,오창환,박건상,최윤주,안장혁,황인균,정지윤,정선미,박일경,이정복,장선영,홍주연,최영내 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-

우리가 섭취하는 식품을 수세 , 탈피, 가열 등으로 섭취직전의 상태로 조리하여 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 그 결과 식품 섭처를 통한 농약의 1일 춘정 섭취량(EDI : estimated daily intake)을 파악하고 이를 농약의 1일섭취허용량(ADI : acceptabte daily intake) 및 이론적 최대섭취량(TffDt : theoretical maxiraum daily in늘he)과 비교하여 우리나라 국민이 식품으로부터 섭취하는 농약의 양에 대한 안전성을 평71하였다. 보편성있는 식품수거를 위채 수거대상 지역은 인구가 밀집되어 있는 대도시인 서울, 부산, 대구』 인천 , 대전, 광주, 수원, 전주, 마산과 춘천의 10곳을 선정하였다. 대상식품으로는 두류 및 가공품 11종, 서류 및 가공품 3종.견과류 및 가공품 8종, 기호식물류 1종, 종실류 2총, 과실류 및 가공품 20종, 채소류 21종의 총 50종of었다. 분석대상농약은 동시다셩분 분석채 가능한 농약으로 HPD대상농약 11종 및 ECD대상농약 48종으로 총 59졸이었다. 1995년부터 5개년 계획으로 수행되어 온 본 딴구는 큼년이 4차년도였으며,종전보다 대상식품 및 대상농약을 크게 늘리고 시료 전처리에 있어석 자동화된 고상추출 정제법을 사용하여 시료 처리속도를 창상시켰다. 분쇄된 시료들은 acetonitrile로 추출한 후 정제하여 GC/BCD 및 GC/HPD로 분석하고 검출된 성분들은 GC/MSD로 재확인차였다. 분석 결과 총 660 식품중 9식품(딸기, 복숭아, 풋고추, 고춧가루, 파, 피망, 상추, 시금치 , 깻잎 )에서 4종의 농약(procymidone, EPN, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos)이 검출피었으며, 이들 식품 십취를 통한 농약의 추정 섭취량()801)은 0.01 ~ 1.28rg/person/day 수준으로 극히 미팡이었다. 대상농약중에서 가장 많이 섭취되고 있는 농약은 on(losulfan으로 그 EDI를 ADI와 ㅂ1교한 결과 0.39%에 불과 하였으며, 이론적 최대섭취량(TMDI)과 비교한 결과도 0.49% 수준으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 대상식품을 섭치할 경우 분석대상 농약으로 인한 안전성에는 문제가 얼는 것으로 려가되었다. In order to rstimate the intake of pesticide residues through foods which is prepared ready to eat, total diet study(TDS) was carried. The foods(legumes, potatees, nuts, seeds, fruits, vegeta-bles a8d their products) were purchased at the retail stores in 10 large cities of Korea, respectively. Thecollected 660 samples(66 foods x10 regions) were pr,etreated in a manBer similar to that used at home(washing, trimming, peeling. boiling and etc ) and followed Uy the automated solid phase extraction.Frem the extracted samples, total 59 pesticides were determined by capillary gas chromatography withECD, NPD and MSD. The levels of pesticide residues were resulted in not detected or orders of magni-tude lower than maximum residve limits for most of samples. However, in 9 samples(strawberrf, peach,green pepper, red pepper powder, scallion, bell pepper, lettuce korean, spinach, wild sesame leaf),4 pesti-cides(procymidone, chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, EPN) were detected with the estimated daily intake(EDE)values of fftl ~l.28rg/person/day. These EBI values were corresponded to <0.01 ~ 1.82% of ADT(for55kg person) and <0.01 ~O.49% of TMDI.

저 지연시간 CELP 음성 부호화기 성능 개선에 관한 연구

鄭昌京,張泰成,李乃仁 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1994 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This paper presents a good-quality 8 kb/s speech coder which has one-way coding delay less than 5 ms. The coder achieves one-way coding delay of less than 5 ms by masking both the LPC predictor and the excitation gain backward-adaptive, and by using a small excitation vector size of eleven samples. We propose a low delay excitation reconstruction algorithm based on a vector quantized multi-tap adaptive codebook or a single gain fixed codebook in producing a good quality speech signal operating at 8 kb/s.

강박장애에 있어서 강박적 사고와 행동의 형태와 내용

이종인,이죽내 大韓神經精神醫學會 1992 신경정신의학 Vol.31 No.1

This study was to investigate the form and content of obsessions and compulsions in the obsessive-compulsive disorder. The subjects of the study were 160 patients who were diagnosed as obsessive-compulsivedisorder according to DSM-III or DSM-III-R at the psychiatric outpatient clinics Kyungpook and Keimyung University Hospitals over the period of 11 years, Jan. 1980-Dec. 1990. 237 obsessions and 126 compulsions were identified from the subjects and classified into form and content according to the classificatory system designed for this study. In the classificatory system. 6 categories of form and 13 categories of content for obsessions and 4 categories of form and 7 categories of content for compulsions were dilineated. The results were as follows : 1) In obsessions. fear(35.9%) was the most common form followed by thought, doubt, image, and urge in order of the frequency of their occurrence. As the content of obsessions, contamination(l8.6%) was most frequent followed by daily activities, security, harm. abnormal sensation, sex. illness, past. death, philosophy and religion, aggression, and body distortion. In combination of form with content, the fear of contamination(15.2%) was the most common theme followed by doubt about security, fear of harm, doubt of daily activities, fear of illness, and thought of abnormal sensation. 2) In compulsions, the forms of checking(38.9%) and cleaning(38.1%) revealed almost equally on the top followed by being meticulous and avoiding. As the content of compulsions, daily activities(34.1 %) was most frequent in occurrence and then washing, security, spitting, touching, and counting were followed. In combination of form with content, cleaning through washing(31.0%) was the most common theme followed by checking for security, being meticulous of daily activities, and checking of daily activities. 3) Comparing the above results with the previous studies, the fear of contamination and the cleaning through washing were the most common themes. However, the doubt and the checking for security in this study appeared remarkably in high frequency as compared with the previous studies performed in foreign countres. This may be supposed to reflect mistrust, uncertainty, and insecurity of modern Korean society.

위암에서 Collagen-4 및 Type-4 Collagenase의 발현과 예후인자로서 임상적 응용

노성훈(Sung Hoon Noh),이종인(Chong In Lee),정현철(Hyun Cheol Chung),박준오(Joon Oh Park),조재용(Jae Yong Cho),라선영(Sun Young Ra),유내춘(Nae Chun Yoo),김주항(Joo Hang Kim),노재경(Jae Kyung Roh),민진식(Jin Sik Min),김병수(Byung Soo K 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Background/Aims: In Korea, gastric cancer is the commonest cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Though the most effective treatment for gastric cancer is radical resection, there are many patients with gastric cancer inoperable at the time of diagnosis. Collagen-IV, one of the major intrinsic components of the basement membrane, has cell adhesion function and it is known to be associated with tumor invasion or penetration. Type- IV collagenase, a metallo- proteinase purified from highly metastatic tumor cells, has been implicated in the process of invasion of epithelial and endothelial basement membranes in several steps of tumor invasion and metastasis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of SO patients with histologically proven gastric cancer who had been treated in Yonsei University Medical Center and Yonsei Cancer Center between June l985 and June 1990. We perfonned immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected specimens of stomach cancers to investigate the expression rate and clinical relevance of collagen-lV and type-IV collagenase as prognostic niarkers. Results: Collagen- IV expression rate was 50% in 40 gastric cancers and type-IV collagenas expression rate was 76% in 50 gastric cancers. Six cases(30%) recurred in 20 collagen-IV positivc cases and six cases(30/c) recurred in 20 collagen-IV negative cases(p=1.00000). Eleven cases(29%) recurred in 38 type-P' collagenase positive cases and four cases(33%) recurred in 12 type-IV collagenase negative cases(p=0.77255). In the collagen-IV positive and negative group, 5-ye.ar disease-free survival rate was 607c and 67%, respectively(p=0.6725), and 5-year overal] survival rate was 71% and 827o, respectively(p=0.3953). In the type-IV collagenase positive and negative group, 5-year disease-free survival rate was 63% and 60%, respectively(p=0.6407), and 5-year ovevall survival rate was 78% and 60%, respectively (p=0.3822). Conclusions: Collagen-IV and type-lV collagenase were found in gastric tissues. However, together with recurrence rate and survival rat:, expressions of collagen- IV and type-IV collagenase were not significantly correlated with T state, nodal status, TNM stage and histologic differentiation of gastric cancer. Further studies to define the biological role of collagen-IV and type-IV collagenase is required. (Korean J Gastroenlerol 1996;28:1 - 10)

Modulation of Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Poly[(L-lactide)-co-(ϵ-caprolactone)]/Gelatin Nanofibers

Rim, Nae Gyune,Lee, Ji Hye,Jeong, Sung In,Lee, Bu Kyu,Kim, Chun Ho,Shin, Heungsoo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Macromolecular bioscience Vol.9 No.8

<P>Developing biomaterial scaffolds to elicit specific cell responses is important in many tissue engineering applications. We hypothesized that the chemical composition of the scaffold may be a key determinant for the effective induction of differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In this study, electrospun nanofibers with different chemical compositions were fabricated using poly[(L-lactide)-co-(ϵ-caprolactone)] (PLCL) and gelatin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a randomly arranged structure of nanofibers with diameters ranging from 400 nm to 600 nm. The incorporation of gelatin in the nanofibers stimulated the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. For example, the well-stretched and polygonal morphology of hMSCs was observed on the gelatin-containing nanofibers, while the cells cultured on the PLCL nanofibers were contracted. The DNA content and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased on the PLCL/gelatin blended nanofibers. Expression of osteogenic genes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and collagen type I-α2 (Col I-α2) were also upregulated in cells cultured on nanofibers with gelatin. Mineralization of hMSCs was analyzed by von Kossa staining and the amount of calcium was significantly enhanced on the gelatin-incorporated nanofibers. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the underlying scaffolds play a key role in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200800358-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200800358-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Incorporation of gelatin into poly[(L-lactide)-co-(ϵ-carprolactone)] (PLCL) nanofibers enhanced adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic genes were increased in hMSCs cultured on gelatin-containing nanofibers and the hMSCs also showed enhanced calcium deposition. Chemical composition of scaffolds plays an important role in modulation of the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. <img src='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200800358-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/16165187-2009-9-8-MABI200800358-content'> </P>

Temperature Profile in the Presence of Hotspots in Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording

Hyung Min Kim,Vemuri, S. H.,Chung, P. S.,Young In Jhon,Nae-Eung Lee,Geun-Young Yeom,Jhon, M. S. IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.48 No.11

<P>Recently, the demands for increasing memory capacities in hard disk drives (HDDs) has resulted in state-of-the-art technologies including heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) with significantly higher operating temperatures. HAMR results in swift degradation of current lubricant and carbon overcoat (COC) materials, leading to magnetic media corrosion which is detrimental to HDD operation. In addition, the lack of thorough understanding of the temperature profiles arising from the hotspot and energy management throughout these materials also exacerbates the problem. To address this issue, in this paper we will focus on the COC and investigate the transient heat transfer in various examples of nanoscale thin films when a hot spot is created via lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) since traditional conduction models like Fourier law are not accurate due to dominant sub-continuum effects. LBM originates from the Boltzmann transport equations (BTEs) and is computationally efficient due to easy parallelization with convenient handling of complex geometries. Our results of the heat transfer mechanism and temperature profiles show that Fourier equation under-predicts the peak temperature rise at the center of the hot-spot as the system size approaches the nanoscale domain. Applying LBM to a multilayered system, we observe a temperature slip along the interface of two materials indicated by the broken isothermal contours, as the heat is confined to a single layer. Using LBM, we then explore a novel graphene overcoat which has outstanding thermo-mechanical properties, and thereby extremely compatible in HAMR applications.</P>

갑상선암 환자에 대한 방사선옥소 치료시 물리적 선량 측정

고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),김종순(Chong Soon Kim),김희근(Hee Geun Kim),강덕원(Duck Won Kang),송명재(Myung Jae Song),김명선(Myung Seon Kim),정내인(Nae In Jeong),이재용(Jai Yong Lee),김종호(Chong Ho Kim) 대한핵의학회 1994 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.28 No.1

Radioactive iodine has been widely used in patients with thyroid cancer combined with surgical treatment. However, due to individual variations in absorption and excretion and uptake by tumor tissue of radioactive iodine, there are differences in therapeutic effect and adverse effects even if the same doses are administrated. So this study compared the therapeutic effect and radiation hazard by measuring internal radiation dose. Of total 27 patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer who had been thyroidectomized, we administered radioactive iodine 100 mCi, 150 mCi, 200 mCi. According to BEL DOSIMETRY PROTOCOL, beta and gamma ray dose were estimated from a polt of the logarithrn of the percent of dose per liter of whole blood versus day, and percent dose retained versus day using semilogarithmic paper, respectivel y. 1) Physical dose to whole blood averaged 56.54+13.02 rad in 100 mCi administered group, 76.83+ 19.97 rad in 150 mCi administered group, 95.08 +- 25.51 rad in 200 mCi administered group and there has been a significant correlation among the groups. 2) Mean percent dose retained 48 hours later was 26.34%. 3) There was no significant correlation of physical dose between absence and presence of metastasis. 4) l7 of 19 patients who has been followed up with TSH and serum throglobulin, Thallium scan were successfully ablated by radioactive iodine. 5) Leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet counts all declined in 4-6 weeks and most of all were restored 3 months 1ater. 6) There was no significant correlation between physical dosimetry and biologic dosimetry. Generally administered doses of radioactive iodine (100-200 mCi) to patients with thyroid cancer postoperatively had developed transient bone marrow suppression and minimal chromosomal aberration, but they were within safety dose to blood (200 rad). And there has been no significant differences in residual dose 48 hours later between Korean and western people.

Six-rowed Naked Waxy Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar “Nurichal” with good cooking quality and BaYMV Resistant

Mi-Ja Lee,Jae-Hwan Seo,Yang-Kil Kim,Jong-Chul Park,Sang-Kyun Cho,Jae-Sung Choi,Jong-Nae Hyun,In-Duck Choi,Tae-Su Kim,Kwang-Won Lee,Kee-Jong Kim 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

A New six-rowed Naked Barley Cultivar “Nurichal” with good coking quality was developed by cross with HB88154-B-25-1 line and Hinchalssalbory by the Winter Cereal and Forage Crop Research Div. NICS, RDA in 2010. HB15305-B-B-31-2 was selected in 2006 and designated as ‘Iksan 95’. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional yield trials (RYT) from 2008 to 2010 and was released with the name of ‘Nurichal’ possessing good water absorption and expansion. The average heading and maturing dates of ‘Nurichal’ were April 24 and May 30 in paddy field, which were two day and one day later than those of the check cultivar ‘Saechalssalbori’ respectively. The new cultivar, ‘Nurichal’, had 82cm of culm length that was 5cm shorter than that of ‘Saechalssalbori’, and 4.0cm of spike length. It showed 774 spikes per m2, 63 grains per spike, 25.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 793 g of test weight. ‘Nurichal’ showed a little weaker winter hardiness than those of the check cultivar, ‘Saechalssalbori’ and showed similar lodging resistance with check cultivar. It sowed stronger resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) compare to check cultivar. Grain shape was small and round. Protein content was 10.3% and β-glucan content was 6.8%. Its average yield of the pearled grain in the regional yield trial was 3.84 MT/ha in paddy field, which were higher 2% than those of the check cultivar. Its water absorption was similar and expansion was higher than ‘Saechalssalbori’. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -6℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

Impacts of Zr Composition in <tex> $\hbox{Hf}_{1-x} \hbox{Zr}_{x}\hbox{O}_{y}$</tex> Gate Dielectrics on Their Crystallization Behavior and Bias-Temperature-Instability Characteristics

Hyung-Suk Jung,So-Ah Lee,Sang-ho Rha,Sang Young Lee,Hyo Kyeom Kim,Do Hyun Kim,Kyu Hwan Oh,Jung-Min Park,Weon-Hong Kim,Min-Woo Song,Nae-In Lee,Cheol Seong Hwang IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.58 No.7

<P>The effects of Zr composition on the crystallization behaviors and reliability characteristics of atomic-layer-deposited Hf<SUB>1-x</SUB> Zr<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>y</SUB> (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) gate-dielectric films are examined. n-Channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (nMOSFET) devices with ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> gate dielectrics showed a much smaller V<SUB>th</SUB> shift under the positive bias stress compared with the same device with HfO<SUB>2</SUB> gate dielectrics. The impact of Zr composition on the crystallization temperature, crystalline phases, and surface morphology of Hf<SUB>1-x</SUB> Zr<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>y</SUB> films is studied. As the Zr composition in the Hf<SUB>1-x</SUB> Zr<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>y</SUB> films increased, the reduction of crystallization temperature and the transformation from a monoclinic to a tetragonal phase were observed. The grain size of the crystallized ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> film is much smaller than that of crystallized HfO<SUB>2</SUB>. The Hatband voltage (V<SUB>fb</SUB>) shift under positive gate-bias stress in p-channel MOS capacitor (pMOSCAP) devices show a similar trend to the Vth shift in nMOSFET devices. In addition, the annealed ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> films show a large reduction in the V<SUB>fb</SUB>, shift under the positive bias stress compared with as-deposited ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> in pMOSCAP devices. The improved bias-temperature-instability characteristics of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> compared with that of HfO<SUB>2</SUB> is related to the smaller grain size of crystallized ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P>