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Linguistic Differences in EFL Learners’ Direct and Translated Writing in Two Genres
( Lee¸ Jeong-won ) 한국현대언어학회 2021 언어연구 Vol.37 No.1
The current study investigated the effects of two writing genres (narrative and argumentative) and two writing task types (direct and translated) on L2 learners’ writing performance in terms of lexical and syntactic complexity. A total of 46 college freshmen were asked to write four articles, one in each genre and one in each writing task type in a counterbalanced way. The findings are as follows: 1) the genre effect was found significant both in lexical and syntactic complexity measures, irrespective of writing task type, that argumentative texts displayed greater lexical and syntactic complexity than narratives; and 2) the role of L1 use in L2 writing (writing task type) was significantly evident in syntactic complexity measures, especially in narratives, but not in lexical complexity measures except for one measure of lexical diversity. The theoretical and pedagogical significance of the findings is discussed. (Chungnam National University)
Lee, Moung-Jin,Jeon, Seong-Woo,Jo, Min-Jeong,Song, Won-Kyong,Kang, Byung-Jin The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.5
This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.
( Jae Won Byun ),( Kyung Hyun Lee ),( Ha Young Kim ),( Soon Seek Yoon ),( Ji Youl Jung1 ),( Woo Seog Jeong1 ),( Jae Ku Oem ),( Jong Soo Lim ),( Myoung Heon Lee ),( You Chan Bae ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.1
Nine cattle among 18 in a native Korean herd died or were euthanized within 3 days. The affected cattle showed cowshed. The pigs and dogs had been fed leftover food originating from nearby restaurants, and the cattle could presumably reach the contaminated food in the pig troughs. Necropsy revealed a few chicken bones and red pepper pieces as well as large amounts of grain and rice straw hay mixed in the rumen. Botulism type D was isolated in the ruminal contents of one of the cattle. We speculated that the outbreak was associated with the cattle incidentally eating presumably contaminated leftover food from the pig trough.
비만환자의 전기지방분해침 시술 후 허리둘레 감소에 대한 임상적 고찰
김정환 ( Jeong Hwan Kim ),고연석 ( Youn Seok Ko ),이정한 ( Jeong Han Lee ),원재균 ( Jea Kyun Won ),신병철 ( Byung Cheul Shin ),권영달 ( Young Dal Kwon ),송용선 ( Yung Sun Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2005 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.15 No.3
Objectives : To see if there were any differences in waist circumference reduction when certain variable such as age, sex, BFR(BFR; Body Fat Rate), PIBW(PIBW; Percent Ideal Body Weight), WHR(WHR; Waist Hip Ratio) and BMI(BMI; Body Mass Index) were given. Methods : Among outpatients who admitted to department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Jeon-Ju Oriental Medicine Hospital, Won-kwang University from August 2003 to september 2004, 89 obese patients were chosen and electroacupunture was practiced to these groups in order to treat abdominal obesity and waist circumference reduction. Results : There were no significant correlation between sex, age and waist circumference reduction. Compared to groups who had shown lower BMI, higher BMI groups have shown greater change in waist circumference reduction. As BFR increase waist circumference reduction tended to increase as well. Conclusions : From the above results, higher BMI groups had shown greater change in waist circumference reduction compared to lower BMI groups.
정원옥(Won-Ok Jeong),강원석(Won-Suk Kang),이봉찬(Bong-Chan Lee2) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.3
강천산군립공원 5개 탐방로 18.45 km 구간에 대한 물리적 특성과 훼손정도 및 훼손유형 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 104개 측점을 대상으로 탐방로 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 평균 노면경사는 13.34o, 평균 노폭은 1.39 m, 평균 나지폭은 1.20 m, 노면의 평균 최대 침식깊이는 0.50 m로 조사되었고, 훼손정도는『건전』구간이 14.19 km(76.91%),『강』구간은 1.15 km(6.23%),『중』구간은 1.30 km(7.05%),『약』구간은 1.81 km(9.81%)로 전체 구간에 대한 훼손비율은 23.09%였다. 자연 상태의 탐방로 상에서 물리적 훼손의 발생 및 진행과정을 기준으로 훼손 유형을 분석한 결과, 6개의 훼손유형이 217회 발생하였으며 노면침식 현상(36%)이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 뿌리노출(26%), 암석노출(15%), 노폭확대(11%), 비탈붕괴(7%), 수목 및 암석 노출 등 통행불편으로 형성된 분기(5%) 순으로 조사되었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trail deterioration condition and to obtain information for the desirable maintenance and restoration of a trail in gangcheonsan county park. The physical characteristics of a trail were surveyed to a total of 104 points of 18.45 km length. The average trail degree and width were found to be 13.34o and 1.39 m respectively while the average bared trail width was 1.20 m and average maxim trail depth was 0.5 m. Deterioration classes of a trail were 14.19 km (76.19%), 1.15 km(6.23%), 1.30 km(7.05%) and 1.81 km(9.81%) for nondeteriorated, heavily deteriorated, middle and lightly deteriorated classes respectively with a deterioration rate of 23.09%. Major deterioration types of trail were trail deepen(36%), root exposed(26%), rock exposed(15%), trail widen(11%), slope erosion(7%) and trail diverged(5%) in order of frequency.
Moung Jin Lee,Seong Woo Jeon,Min Jeong Jo,Won Kyong Song,Byung Jin Kang 大韓遠隔探査學會 2007 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.23 No.5
This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4 % of diameter Grade II (standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9 % by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7 % of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4 % by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.
흡연이 치과 외래 이용 및 치과 외래 의료비에 미치는 영향
정선락 ( Sun Rak Jeong ),김영희 ( Young Hee Kim ),장지언 ( Ji Eon Jang ),이원기 ( Won Kee Lee ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2015 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.39 No.4
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of smoking on utilization of and expenses in ambulatory dental care. Methods: The subjects of this study were 5,751 men aged over 20 years selected from the Korea Health Panel data collected during 2010-2012. Pack-years of smoking were calculated based on the survey data. Dental utilization was defined as dental outpatient clinic use least once in three years. The expenses in ambulatory dental care were summed to determine total dental health care spending for three years. To detect the effect of smoking, we used multiple logistic regression analysis for dental utilization and multiple linear regression for expenses in ambulatory dental care after changing log. Results: The pack-years had a significant effect on dental utilization and expenses in participants aged 40-59 years. After controlling for income level, bedtime brushing, and the presence of chronic disease, dental care utilization rates in the over 10 to less than 25 pack-year and the over 25 pack-year groups were about 1.4 (OR=1.37, (P =0.007)) and 1.6 times (OR=1.59, (P =0.001)) those in the 0 pack-year group. In comparison with the 0 pack-year group, the over 10 to less than 25 pack-year group spent 50,000 won more over dental expenses, while the corresponding number for the over 25 pack-year group was about 100,000 won. Thus, the ambulatory dental care expenses increased with the packyears of smoking. Conclusions: Smoking significantly influenced the utilization and expense in ambulatory dental care in men aged 40-59 years.
( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)
이병준,정석호,한재원,Lee, Byeong-Jun,Jeong, Seok-Ho,Han, Jae-Won 대한기계학회 1997 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.21 No.11
Characteristics of the lifted flame which is generated by issuing of the fuel through the miniature nozzle, d = 0.164 mm, are studied using the planar laser induced fluorescence technique. OH radical is excited on the $Q_{1}$(8) line of the $A^{2}$.SIGMA.$^{+.leq.X2}$ .PI.(1, 0) band transition (283.55 nm) and LIF signals are captured at the bands of (0, 0) and (1, 1) transition (306 ~ 326 nm) using the filters and ICCD camera. Hydroxyl radical (OH) profile for nozzle attached flame shows that OH radical populations at the flame sides and flame tip are larger than those at the base. But for the lifted flame (tribrachial flame) case, those are larger at the flame base than at the flame tip and flame sides. The OH radical is more dense near the center line of flame base at the blowing out. This fact proves the Chung and Lee's blowout theory-blowout occurs when the flame is anchored at the flame axis. axis.