인터넷 해외 교육자료 가공을 위한 전략 : "에듀넷 해외교육자료" 개발 사례

이인숙 한국교육정보방송학회 1996 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.1 No.2

정보량의 증가와 지식의 변화가 가속화되고 사회계제가 극히 가변적인 시대에는, 일정한 시기에 학술을 한다는 패러다임에 기반을 둔 교육체제는 더 이상 그 역할을 다할 수 없게 되었다. 인터넷은 전통적 교실의 벽을 세계로 확장시킴으로써 새로운 교육체제의 창출을 위해 괄목할 만한 잠재력을 내포하고 있다. 인터넷 웹을 기반으로 개발, 제공되고 있는 에듀넷의 '해외교육자료'는 해외의 다양한 학습 자료와 아이디어를 언어 장애를 겪지 않고 활용할 수 있도록 지원하는 데 기본 목적을 두고 있다. 본 해외교육자료 개발 프로젝트는 유사한 환경과 목적 하에서 인터넷 상의 교육정보를 가공하여 활용하고자 하는 국가 및 기관들을 위해 다음과 같은 실천적 전략의 필요성을 인식시킨다: (1) 중·장기적인 개발 계획, (2) 웹의 동적인 본질에 대한 대응책, (3) 웹의 하이퍼텍스트적 특성에 대한 대응책, (4) 저작권 등록물 사용 허가 취득을 위한 관리체제의 운용, (5) 번역 자료의 질 관리를 위한 구체적인 계책. 이 해외교육자료 개발 사업은 세계 학습공동체의 창출 촉진과 교육적 웹페이지의 실천적 모형 제공이라는 측면에서 많은 가치를 지닌 것으로 보인다. 그러나 개발된 웹 기반의 교수학습 자료가 국내에서 주요한 교육적 전략으로서 충분한 역할을 할 수 있기까지는 상호작용적 커뮤니케이션을 위한 지원의 향상, 웹환경에 접근 가능한 인구의 확산, 자료의 지속적인 관리 등 아직 해결해야 할 숙제가 산재해 있다. Breakthroughs in science and technology have led an explosion in information. Social changes speeded by technological changes raise questions about the existing `formal education' paradigm. Traditionally people have attended school for most of their adolescent life in order to prepare for adult society. In this era of rapid change, however, educational systems based on this old paradigm can not work well anymore. The more social life becomes dependent on information and society becomes interrelated to information technology, the more needs for better education and continuous lifelong learning increase. In addition, recent cognitive research promotes further understanding of the nature of learners and learning, questioning the traditional instructional strategies. According to constructivist view point (Phillips, 1995; von Glaserfeld, 1989; Schon, 1987; Resnick, 1989; Wilson & Cole, 1991; Duffy & Jonassen, 1992) there is no single knowledge; each learner constructs his or her own meaningful and unique knowledge through social interaction and internal negotiation. In this perspective, learner-centered education is a center of educational practice. The Internet can promote learner-centered education by allowing learners to access a broad spectrum of information and data on-line at different locations. To date, however, most global resources on the Internet have rarely been of practical value to Korean schools and learning communities. They are in English or other commonly used foreign languages and reflect cultures and curriculum that are quite different from those of Korea. Due to those differences, the teachers and students have experienced difficulties accessing and using valuable global resources. Computer networking represented by the Internet has been transforming the existing image of learning spaces and places by expanding the walls of traditional classrooms. It has significant potentials for open, student-centered, and constructive learning environments (Lee, 1996a; Lee, 1996b). The Internet beats other telecommunication media for overcoming time and space limitation (Hezel & Dirr, 1990; Anderson, 1988; Shimabukuro, 1993). Communication through the net can be either `synchronous' or 'asynchronous'. It promotes fast and easy communication among people at a distance. Interactive learning through computer networking can be cost effective (Showalter, 1983). Most importantly an e-mail promotes communication among learners in group task processes (Henri, 1988; Hiltz, 1988; Shimabukuro, 1993). Computer networking provides socio-culturally diverse contexts and encourages 'discourses' (Hicks, 1995) by supporting social interactions among people at different locations. Computer networking allows users to access a broad spectrum of information and data on-line at different locations. Unlike traditional print materials, computer networking is an interactive environment in which ideas are constructed and developed through mutual interaction among participants. On computer networking, information and ideas move to users, instead users moving to them. Since this delivery is relatively economical and easy, appropriately established computer networking is an excellent medium to decrease 'isolation' which has been a deep-seated problem of teachers and students. The homepage developed in the current project (the Global Learning Resources development project) provides a variety of learning and instructional resources that were selected and slightly modified from resources on other web sites around the world. The resources embody lesson plans and learning/instructional resources in the primary subject areas at each school level. They consist of various media formats including text, image, graphic, audio, animation, and video. There are 207 resources listed in the homepage as of December 1996. Based on the experiences of the project, I suggest the following considerations for ensuring better quality service development. 1) Long-term development plans: A quick and short-term development approach may depreciate the service quality and eventually require additional efforts and expenses to recover it. It appears to take about 5-6 weeks in average to prepare a translated text version that will proceed to HTML file. 2) Appropriate responses to evolutionary and dynamic features of the Web: Most webpages tend to change. Modification or elimination of contents and structures in original web sites potentially provide serious problems: time and financial loss. Considering the long cycle of selection and translation, one of the most realistic solutions seems to be downloading all the materials and the design structure right after obtaining permissions from original copyright owners and then creating Korean web resources using those materials. 3) Appropriate responses to interactive features of the Web: Some web sites provide interactive services, not simply one-way information. In the long run, however, keeping interactive features in the local version through negotiations with related parties as well as technical supports should be considered. 4) Appropriate responses to obtain copyright release: It is a time-consuming and labor intensive process to obtain a copyright. Since many web sites do not clearly show copyright owners' contact information, it is often hard to track them down. In some cases, there are multiple rights owners for one web site. Even for the resources which obtain copyright release, there are various conditions requested for permission. 5) Appropriate responses to ensure quality translation: It is not easy to obtain translation with acceptable quality. Many subject matter experts, such as school teachers, lack advanced skills in English translation; expert translators do not have knowledge in specific subject areas. The quality of any resources, however, will primarily depend on the quality of translation. Therefore, we need to establish a management system that will ensure cooperation of experts in subject and translation. The front-end experiences of this project will function as a stepping stone to designing and operating a successful webbed global learning resource system. However, there is a long way to go before the Web can fully serve as a major tool for building global educational communities in Korea. Specifically, support for interactive communications is woefully underdeveloped and the majority of the Korean population do not have access to the Web environment due to technical or financial limitations.

Engineering of AlON interlayer in Al₂O₃/AlON/In_0.53Ga_0.47As gate stacks by thermal atomic layer deposition

Lee, Woo Chul,Cho, Cheol Jin,Park, Suk-In,Jun, Dong-Hwan,Song, Jin Dong,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Kim, Seong Keun ELSEVIER 2018 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.18 No.8

<P>The presence of an AlN interfacial layer in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks improves the interfacial properties and enhances the electrical performance of devices. However, pure AlN is rarely grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) because of the low reactivity of NH3 toward the common Al-precursor and the predisposition to oxidation of the grown AlN layer. Although a plasma-enhanced ALD technique significantly suppresses the oxygen content in the grown AlN layer, the deterioration of the interface properties by plasma-damage is a critical issue. In this work, an AlON interlayer was engineered by optimizing the NH3 feeding time in thermal ALD to improve the interface quality in Al2O3/AlON/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors. It was determined that a mere increase in the NH3 feeding time during the ALD of the AlON film resulted in a higher nitrogen incorporation into the AlON interlayer, leading to a reduction in the interface trap density. Furthermore, the out-diffusion of elements from the In0.53Ga0.47As layer was effectively suppressed by increasing the NH3 feeding time. This work demonstrates that simple process optimization can improve the interface quality in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks without the use of any plasma-activated nitrogen source.</P>

Celay/In-Ceram, Conventional In-Ceram, Empress 2 전부도재관의 변연적합도에 관한 비교 연구

양재호,여인성,이선형,한중석,이재봉,Yang, Jae-Ho,Yeo, In-Sung,Lee, Sun-Hyung,Han, Jung-Suk,Lee, Jai-Bong 대한치과보철학회 2002 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.40 No.2

There have been many studies about marginal discrepancy of single restorations made by various systems and materials. But many of statistical inferences are not definite because of sample size, measurement number, measuring instruments. etc. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptations of the anterior single restorations made by different systems and to consider more desirable statistical methods in analysing the marginal fit. The in vitro marginal discrepancies of three different all-ceramic crown systems (Celay In-Ceram. Conventional In-Ceram. IPS Empress 2 layering technique) and one control group (PFM) were evaluated and compared. The crowns were made from one extracted maxillary central incisor prepared with a 1mm shoulder margin and $6^{\circ}$ taper walls by milling machine. 10 crowns per each system were fabricated. Measurements or a crown were recorded at 50 points that were randomly selected for marginal gap evaluation. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1 Mean gap dimensions and standard deviations at the marginal opening for the maxillary incisor crowns were $98.2{\pm}40.6{\mu}m$ for PFM, $83.5{\pm}18.7{\mu}m$ for Celay In-Ceram, $104.9{\pm}44.1{\mu}m$ for conventional In-Ceram, and $45.5{\pm}11.5{\mu}m$ for IPS Empress 2 layering technique. The IPS Empress 2 system showed the smallest marginal gap (P<0.05). The marginal openings of the other three groups were not significantly different (P<0.05). 2 The marginal discrepancies found in this study were all within clinically acceptable standards ($100\sim150{\mu}m$). 3. When the variable is so controlled that the system may be the only one, mean value is interpreted to be the marginal discrepancy of a restoration which is made by each system and standard deviation is to be technique-sensitivity of each one. 4. From the standard deviations. the copy-milling technique (Celay/In-Ceram) was not considered to be technique-sensitive in comparison with other methods. 5. Parametric analysis is more reliable than non-parametric one in interpretation of the mean and standard deviation. The sample size of each group has to be more than 30 to use parametric statistics. The level of clinically acceptable marginal fit has not been established. Further studies are needed.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identifies AHNAK (Neuroblast Differentiation-associated Protein AHNAK) as a Novel Candidate Biomarker for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis by Liquid-based Cytology

Lee, Hyebin,Kim, Kwangsoo,Woo, Jongmin,Park, Joonho,Kim, Hyeyoon,Lee, Kyung Eun,Kim, Hyeyeon,Kim, Youngsoo,Moon, Kyung Chul,Kim, Ji Young,Park, In Ae,Shim, Bo Bae,Moon, Ji Hye,Han, Dohyun,Ryu, Han Suk American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2018 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics Vol.17 No.9

<P>Cytological examination of urine is the most widely used noninvasive pathologic screen for bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA); however, inadequate diagnostic accuracy remains a major challenge. We performed mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of urine samples of ten patients with BLCA and ten paired patients with benign urothelial lesion (BUL) to identify ancillary proteomic markers for use in liquid-based cytology (LBC). A total of 4,839 proteins were identified and 112 proteins were confirmed as expressed at significantly different levels between the two groups. We also performed an independent proteomic profiling of tumor tissue samples where we identified 7,916 proteins of which 758 were differentially expressed. Cross-platform comparisons of these data with comparative mRNA expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas identified four putative candidate proteins, AHNAK, EPPK1, MYH14 and OLFM4. To determine their immunocytochemical expression levels in LBC, we examined protein expression data from The Human Protein Atlas and in-house FFPE samples. We further investigated the expression of the four candidate proteins in urine cytology samples from two independent validation cohorts. These analyses revealed AHNAK as a unique intracellular protein differing in immunohistochemical expression and subcellular localization between tumor and non-tumor cells. In conclusion, this study identified a new biomarker, AHNAK, applicable to discrimination between BLCA and BUL by LBC. To our knowledge, the present study provides the first identification of a clinical biomarker for LBC based on in-depth proteomics.</P>

카르니틴 투여가 보디빌더의 신체구성성분과 근기능에 미치는 영향

이석인,권만근 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

This study is to monitor and analyze the changes in exercise performance(O₂max, exhaustive time), body composition(body weight, percentage of body fat, lean body mass, fat mass), fatigue substrates(lactic acid, ammonia), lipid(TC, HDL-C) level and strength through supplementing L-carnitine to bodybuilders during their exercise which is to utilize essential fatty acids as a substrate(source) for energy metabolism. Twenty bodybuilders who were trained at least over a year were selected for this research. They were divided into three groups; 7 were given a supplementary of oral medicine during their exercises period(N=7), 7 were given a supplementary of L-carnitine without any exercise(N=7) and 7 were given a supplementary of L-carnitine during their exercise period(N=7). In the two groups taking the supplement of L-carnitine, each individual was asked to take total 6g of L-carnitine, 3g in the morning and 3g before bed, for a total of 6g per day. The group taking the supplement of oral medicine, was asked to follow the same procedure with their medication. Their 1RMs were examined every 3 weeks and their lifting ability was adjusted according to the results. For the aerobic exercise, the participants rode bicycle ergometers set to use 60 to 70% of the individual's maximum amount of oxygen during the exercise period (O₂max). The participants exercised 30 minutes per day, 6 days in a week for 10 weeks. The data from the exercises were recorded and monitored any changes made in variables through the repeated measurement. 1. In regard to the change of TC Level by group and period, the group with the simultaneous treatment with both L-carnitine supplementation and body building exercise displays the significant decrease in 5 weeks after treatment(p<.05). The change on the level of HDL-C by group and period, on the contrary, shows the decrease in that of the simultaneously treated group in both pre-treatment and 10 weeks after treatment(p<.05). 2. All the groups, with the change of body composition, show almost no statistically significant difference by period. However, the simultaneously treated group with L-carnitine supplementation and body building exercise shows -3㎏ change in weight. And while the change of percentage of body fat has no difference amongst other groups, the percentage of body fat has diminished both before treatment and 10 weeks after treatment, caused by the decrease in the weight of body fat(p<.05). 3. This research[thesis] discovers that there is no change in extension on right and left thigh strength by group and period. But the right flexor muscle of thigh strength shows -not in statistics but on average - 14~17% increase in strength. In addition to that fact, the left flexor muscle of thigh strength also displays in statistics 8~15% significant change on the level of (p<.05) in 10 weeks post-treatment period. This result indicates that while L-carnitine supplementation and body building exercise have no influence on increase of extension, the simultaneous treatment brings significant increase in a flexor muscle. Thus, by group and period, there is no statistically significant change in the right and left extension and a flexor muscle of thigh endurance.

濟州道 菜蔬·花卉園藝의 生産實態, 育成方案 및 流通構造改善에 관한 硏究

李宗錫,吳現道,蘇寅燮,張田益,姜志勇 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1986 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.3 No.-

濟州道의 施設을 理用한 菜蔬類와 球根切花類 및 洋蘭類의 재배실태를 調査한 結果는 다음과 같이 要約할 수 있다. 1. 作目이 토마토와 오이에 編重되어 있어 딸기等을 첨가하여 作目이 多樣化하여야 할 것으로 思料되었다. 2. 施設內의 土壤管理에 대한 認識이 不足하며, 均衡施肥가 施行되지 않고 있었고 土壤酸度도 矯正해야 할 농가가 많았다. 3. Mg이 缺乏된 施設이 대부분이므로 이의 是正이 時急한 課題였다. 4. 施設內 土壤에서 鹽類集積의 被害가 우려되는 곳은 거의 없었으나 裁培年限이 5年以上된 施設에서는 土壤改良이 이뤄저야 할 것으로 思料되었다. 5. 作付體係를 改善해서 年 2期作 體係가 確立되어야 겠으며 施設管利技術이 普及, 育苗技術의 改善 및 共同育苗를 施行해서 健全苗의 養成이 重要課題였다. 6. 濟州道內에서 産業的으로 栽培되고 있는 蘭類 中에서 熱帶産 Cymbidium類가 全體 洋蘭 栽培量의 67.8%로 가장 많았는데 그 中에서도 Eiko, sharnell-5, Kenny가 數的으로 많았다. 7. 溫帶産蘭(東洋蘭)類 中에서는 새우난초類가 數的으로 가장 많았고, 나도풍난, Dendrobrum moniliforme, Cymbidium 風蘭의 順位이었으며, 自生寒蘭은 대 40,396촉이 栽培되고 있었다. 8. 供試 5種의 球根類들은 virus 감염이 甚하여 全量이 virus 無病株로 대체되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 9. 서귀포지역의 土壤은 害蟲이 많이 分布하여 球根切花栽培에 큰 위협조건으로 나타났으며 앞으로 도양소독에 대하여 보다 집약적이고 효율적인 方法이 개발되어야 하겠다. 10. 한라산의 고냉지를 利用한 球根의 低溫處理 效果에 對하여 많은 적응시험이 요망되며 道當局은 고냉지의 개발과 利用에 적극적인 지원을 투여하여야 할 것이다. 11. 植栽되고 있는 5種의 球根類 모두 50% 以上이 外國수입에 의존하고 있으므로 國內의 組織培養技術을 利用한 virus 無病良質球根의 生産이 절실히 요망된다. Studies on various cultural practices of vegetable crops, and orchids have been conducted in Chejudo. Followings are the results of such studies. 1. Too much importance has been given to Tomato and Cucumber crops. An additional crop such as Strawberry should be included to broaden the studies. 2. In general, lack of informations on soil managements appear to be prevailing; scheduled fertilization, for instance, has not been performed and pH level must be adjusted on many farm lands. 3. Mg deficiency has been very much in common, therefore, is corection are matter of utmost importance. 4. Problems arising from salt accumulation were nearly unimportant, however, soil improvements through various cultural practices are recommended for those soils which have been continuous cropping for more than 5 years. 5. Planting system should be improved so as to establish 2-crops/year system. In addition, proper extention of various soil management techniques and improvement on nursing techiques are of inportant matters. Commonly sharing community nursing practices must be accompanied in order to provide healthy-seedlings. 6. Among commercially growing orchid species in Chejudo, the tropical Cymbidium species found to be the most widely grown, nearly 67.8% 'Kiko', 'Sharnell-5', 'Kenny' appear to be most in common. 7. Among oriental orchids, Calanthe spp are found to be most prevalent followed in the order of Aerides japonica, Dendrobium moniliforme, Cymbidiums, respectively. 8. The total number of the shoots of Cymbidium kanran being cultivated in Chejudo were found to be 40,396. 9. Virus infections appear to be universal in all 5 species of bulbs studied therefore, virus-free stocks must be essential. 10. Sogwipo-soil, in general, heavily infected by soil-born insects of various kinds are badly affecting bulb productions. More efficient methods of soilsanitations must be studied and introduced in the future. 11. The studies of low temperature treatment on bulb crops by utilizing the high altitude growing in the area of mountain Halla are in great need. An extensive assistance from the provincial government are very much in need in order for the development and utilization of the high-altitude cultivation. 12. More than 50% of the bulbs of the 5 species grown are being imported. Domestic production utilizing 'meristem culture' which enable the virus free stocks are in great demand.

國家意識의 實態와 그 對策 : 국기, 애국가 및 국민교육헌장의 보급을 중심으로

李建衡,盧禎埴,成炳卓,姜萬石,朴泰岩,朴仁熙,金漢植 대구교육대학교 1971 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

國旗의 常備現況은 總體的으로 보아 低調한 實態에 있다. 全體 標集者의 86.8%가 國旗를 備置하고 있다는 反應을 보였으나, 이 數置가 보이는 內容은 區區하다. 卽 깃발과 그 附帶品一切를 完備한 家庭은 全體의 42.5%에 不過하고 깃발만을 備置한 家庭이 20.4%, 函까지를 갖춘 家庭이 45.8%로서 約 半數의 家庭이 適當한 場所에 깃발을 保管하고 揭揚時에는 적의한 막대기로 代用할뿐만 아니라 깃발조차 없는 家庭이 約 15%에 이르는 셈이다. 最少限 깃발만이라도 갖춘 家庭을 地域別로 보았을 때 中都市의 96%, 農村의 90%만이 全體의 86.6%를 上廻하고 있고 漁村 79.6%가 特히 低調함은 注目할 일이다. 그리고 附帶品의 具備狀況이나保管도 中都市가 比較的 充實하고 漁村이 低調한 傾向을 보이고 있으며 意外로 農村보다도 大都市가 모든 面에서 不實함도 注目할 일이다. 國旗의 保管이나 揭揚은 主로 젊은 學生層에서 擔當하고 있다. 이러한 傾向은 農·山村일수록 年令이 낮아지고 中都市와 大都市는 비슷하게 年令이 높아지는데 이로 미루어 高令層의 啓蒙이 要請된다고 하겠다. 國慶日의 國旗揭揚狀況는 質問紙에 依한 應答 結果는 約 70%이나 實際 揭揚은 約 35%의 低調한 것이어서 깃발조차 갖고 있지않는 約 15%를 감안하더라도 言行이 一致하지 않는 一面을 엿볼 수 있다. 特히 中都市(37%) 大都市(49.2%) 農村(37.8%)과 對比할 때 前述한 깃발 備置狀況과 逆現象을 보인 都市人의 覺醒을 促求하지 않을 수 없다. 國旗揭揚法의 正確性 與否는 問題가 될 것이나, 大部分 알고 있으면서도 關心과 誠意가 없어서 國慶日에 國旗를 揭揚하지 않는다고 反應한 데 對한 積極的인 對策이 要望되며 特히 國慶日을 모르기 때문에 憩揚하지 않는다은 것을 1順位로 反應한 山村을 留意해야 겠다. 國旗의 뜻을 잘 모른는 國民이 大部分이고 이러한 現象은 意外로 靑年層일수록 더한 것이 豫想과는 相反되고 있다. 國旗의 制定由來나 그 國家象徵性을 認識하지 못하는 傾向 亦是 같은 現象을 보이고 있다. 다만 由來나 象徵性에 對한 認識에 關한 限 都市民과 漁村民이 比較的 높고, 農村과 山村民이 相對的으로 낮다. 農·山村에 比한 漁村, 大都市에 比한 中都市의 住民이 갖는 相對的으로 높은 認識度는 東海岸民의 安保意識과 中都市人의 等質性 및 國家施策의 浸透 容易性에 緣由하는 것이라고 생각된다. 그리고 우리 國民은 國旗의 뜻을 모른는 者가 3分의 1에 該當하고 國旗에 대한 公式的 敎育을 받지 못한 사람도 3分의 1에 이르며 國旗를 그릴 수 없는 사람이 半以上이나 된다. 國旗에 關한 諸般 認識度는 男子보다 女子가, 年令別로는 老令層이, 生活程度는 낮을수록 低調한 것을 알 수 있고, 全體 國民의 우리 國旗에 對한 滿足度에는 유감이 없음을 보여주고 있다. 愛國歌의 普及 實態는 過히 不振한 便은 아닌 것 같다. 80.9%의 國民이 적어도 愛國歌의 1절以上을 부를 수 있고 愛國歌가 들려올 때 約 18.6%의 國民을 除外한 大多數 國民이 차려姿勢 또는 경건한 態度를 가질뿐만 아니라 愛國歌의 普及强化를 所望하는 反應이 78.1%나 되었다는 것이 이를 立證하고 있다. 그리고 地域的으로는 大都市에 比해 中都市가 農·山村에 比해 漁村이 보다 健全함을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 部分的으로는 問題가 없는 것도 아니다. 愛國歌를 1절도 못외우는 18.4%, 愛國歌가 들려와도 無關心한 18.6%의 國民이 있고, 이러한 反應度는 愛國歌 부르기 敎育을 받은 적이 없는 33.2%의 國民, 愛國歌 解說敎育을 받은 적이 없는 47.8%의 國民 및 한해에 한번도 愛國歌를 부를 機會가 없는 36.0%의 國民이 있다는 事實과 有關하리라고 생각된다. 上述한 問題點은 地域的으로는 都市보다는 農·山·漁村이, 特히 農村에 比해 農·山村이, 學歷 및 年令上으로는 文盲者 및 國·漢文 解讀者를 그 속에 간직하고 있는老令層에, 男子보다는 女子가, 또한 生活程度는 낮을수록 尤甚하다는 것을 指摘할 수가 있다. 全體的으로 보아서는 中都市의 實積이 大都市 및 餘他地域보다 良好하고 豫想한대로 農·山村에 比해 漁村이 두드러진 特徵을 보이고 있는 點이다. 그리고 愛國歌의 普及 및 그 敎育에 있어서는 資料 通計上으로는 그 어떤 經路보다도 學校敎育의 充實이 가장 效果的이었다는 것을 보여주고 있으나 愛國歌의 普及强化策에 對한 反應을 中心으로 본다면 山·漁村을 除外한 모든 地域이 新聞 放送 等의 報道機關을 通한 普及을 希望하고 있다. 이는 이미 指摘한 老年層, 文盲者, 國漢文 解讀者, 및 家庭主婦인 女子를 相對로 한 境遇에 異論이 있을 수 없겠고, 報道機關의 普及率이 낮은 山村이 學生啓蒙運動을 그리고 安保意識이 强한 漁民이 地域別 成人敎育을 希望한다고 보아 無妨할 것이다. 그리고 劇場 演藝物을 通한 普及은 效果가 적을 것임이 나타났고 그 밖에는 妙案이 없는 것으로 反應되었다. 그리고 愛國歌의 普及强化를 所望하는 意志는 强하다고 할 수 있는 것은 이미 指摘하였거니와 이 境遇에는 規制的인 方法보다도 自律的인 方法 例컨대 報道機關을 通한 宣傳啓蒙이나 山·漁村을 對象으로 한 學生啓蒙運動 또는 里動單位의 自體啓蒙을 希望하고 있음을 特記해 둔다. 國民敎育憲章 普及實態의 全體的인 傾向은 公布事實마저도 모른다 24.0%, 憲章冊子를 가지지 않았다 約 30%, 制定의 理由를 모른다 30% 等으로 보아 制定公布된지 3年이란 時間的 經過에 비추어 豫想外로 低調하다 할 수 있으며 地域別로 보면 制定事實의 知悉, 內容理解 分析努力, 暗記努力, 普及施策 贊成面에서 中都市가 大都市보다 理解度가 높게 나타났으며 漁村이 現實與件上 國家意識이 높으리라는 豫想은 立證되지 않았으며, 山村은 豫想한대로 普及狀態가 極히 不振하였다. 性別로는 男子의 理解度가 높고, 年令別로는 年令이 낮을수록 學歷은 높을수록 生活程度는 높을수록 普及實態나 理解度가 높아지고 있다. 다만 制定理由의 知悉面이나 分析經驗 普及施策에 對한 贊同面에서 大學卒業 以上의 學歷者가 高等學校 卒業者보다 낮게 나타난 點은 異彩로운 現象이다. 職業別에 있어서는 大體로 公務員, 商·써비스業, 無職, 農業의 順으로 意識이 높다. 憲章公布事實을 알게 된 經路나 普及을 爲한 效果的인 施策의 選擇狀況을 보면 報道機關이 가장 效果的이며 學校敎育의 影響이 意外로 低調함을 發見할 수 있다. 普及施策中 學生을 通한 啓蒙運動에 對한 共鳴度도 낮고, 劇場 및 演藝機關을 通한 普及은 큰 支持를 받지 못하고 있음이 發見되었다. 暗記動機는 自發的인 境遇가 29.2%에 不過화고, 憲章에 對한 一般의 關心度가 낮으며 普及運動의 反對理由로는 "形式에 흘러 實效性이 없다"가 24.2%로 가장 높다. 以上을 綜合해 볼 때 國旗, 愛國歌, 및 國民敎育憲章 할 것 없이 그 普及 및 認識度가 豫想外로 低調함을 알 수 있다. 愛國歌에 關한 限 80.9%의 國民이 1절 以上의 愛國歌를 부를 수 있는 바 他 2者에 比해 相對的으로 良好한 便이나 公式集會의 慣例 탓으로 4절까지를 모두 외우는 者는 極히 不振하다. 要컨대 三者가 모두 敎育 또는 啓蒙이 不實하였음이 立證되었으며 特히 知識水準이 낮은 老年層과 性別로는 女子, 地域的으로는 山村, 農村, 漁村의 順으로 不振하였고 豫想外로 大都市 및 大學卒業者가 低調하였음도 發見되었다. 그리고 愛國歌에 關한 限 學校敎育으 效果가 斷然 越等한 反面 國民敎育憲章의 普及 및 認識은 學校敎育보다도 報道機關의 啓蒙이 奏效하였음이 發見되었다. 그리고 國旗의 國家象徵性에 關한 認識은 光復後의 學校敎育을 받은 靑少年層이 보다 健全하여 日帝下에서 靑壯年期를 보낸 壯·老年層이 意外로 低調한 傾向을 보여주고 있다. The research in this report was done to discover the reality of the korean National Consciousness. By this we mean an awareness of the National flag, the National Anthem, and the Charter of National Education in Korea. Also since threre appears to be a lack of awareness in certain areas we have attempted to propose adequate measures to imporve these conditions. Methods and materials used for this study are as follows: the method was of Random Sampling in which we selected randomly 900 men and women living in a city, a town, farm areas, remote areas, and sea-side areas. The materials was an interview form called "the schedule" which consisted of 46 items. From the data received we reached the conclusion that knowledge about the National Flag, the National Anthem, and the Charter of National Education in Korea was generally poor. This trend appeared more in the farm area, remote area, and seaside area then in the city and town; more in women than in men; more in the old than in the young, more in those of lower academic careers and lower economic levels than of their counterparts with better careers and living levels. From the above conclusions we propose that the community schools and the mass communication system in korea strive actively to increase the instruction of these people in order to improve the national consciousness of the above mentioned people.

써키트 웨이트트레이닝이 여자고등학생의 근력에 미치는 효과

이석인,이상연 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1999 體育硏究 Vol.- No.12

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of muscular strength strengthening training with circuit weight training for female high school student in Seoul. The healthy 20 female students from "k" high school in Seoul are selected as subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups of ten(group 1 for 3 circuit and group 2 for 4 circuit) and participated in 12 weeks circuit weight training program. Bowlers trained for 12 weeks : Monday, wednessday, friday. During each workout following lifting are used : bench press, arm curl machine, standing press, long pull machine, lying triceps extension, sit-up, leg press, twist machine. The conclusion were as follows ; 1. Change of body weight and % Fat strength before and after training. Body weight and % Fat significantly(P<0.05) decreased than before training, and the decrease rate was higher in G-2 than G-1. 2. Change of hand grip before and after training. Hand grip significantly(P<0.05) increased in right and left than before training and the increase rate was higher in G-2 than G-1. 3. Change of backmuscle strength and bench press before and after training. Backmuscle strength and bench press significantly(P<0.05) increased than before training and the increase rate was higher in G-2 than G-1. 4. Change of leg press and sit-up before and after training. Leg press and sit-up significantly increased(P<0.05) than before training and the increase rate was higher in G-2 than G-1.

절개선을 활용한 직물의 신장변화에 관한 연구

이정숙,성수광,이인아 한국의류산업학회 2002 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.4 No.3

To propose a basic material that can improve the crumples in the knee area and can be applied as an element of garment design, the present study examined the elongation rates of the samples by differentiating the number of cutting lines according to the direction of the fabric, and then determined the puckering phenomenon by judging the conditions of the seams based on the looks of seam lines after bi-axil elongation. After the subjective evaluation on the knee areas of both the standard and modified trousers, the following conclusion was drawn : The elongation rates of the samples are: warp (3.98%)<warp1 (4.29%)<weft1 (5.30%)<weft (5.82%)<warp2 (5.68%)<bias (6.96%)<weft2 (8.64%). The samples in the warp direction: as the cutting lines increase, the elongation rate grows by 1.4%. The elongation rates of the samples in the weft direction: the sample with one cutting line has 0.52% lower rate than that in the weft direction without cutting line; that with two cutting lines has 1.68% higher rate than that running on the bias. The subjective evaluation on the knee areas: the subjects wearing the standard trousers feel more comfortable when sitting on a chair (0.2) >cross-legged (-0.2) > squatting down (-0.4); those in the modified trousers feel more comfortable when sitting on a chair (0.2) > cross-legged (0)> squatting down (-0.6). In the cross-legged posture, the modified trousers (0) has higher scores in the subjective evaluation than the standard ones (-0.2). The evaluation on the looks of needleworks in the samples with cutting lines along the direction of the fabric: weft2 (5.0)<weft1 (4.8)<warp1 (3.8)<warp2 (2.8).

골다공증의 진단, 예방, 치료에 따른 카이로프락틱의 역할과 관련 문헌에 대한 소고

이석인,김명일 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1999 體育硏究 Vol.- No.12

To study review of the related references and role of chiropractic in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis. To study of objektive was the given the widespread use of chiropractors, the recent interest in alternative medical practices, and our experience with osteoporosis referrals from a chiropractor in the community, we investigated the interaction of conventional medicine and chiropractic in the evaluation, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis. Design and methods was review of the chiropractic and medical literature. Multiple chiropractic databases and MEDLINE were searched for references to chiropractic and osteoporosis. Results was review of the chiropractic literature revealed numerous references to osteoporosis, with emphasis on the use of nutrition and exercise for the prevention and treatment of osteoposis, warnings regarding the dangers of manipulative therapy, and limited mention of modern diagnostic techniques. Little reference to the chiropractic role in the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of osteopororosis was found in the standard medical literature. Conclusions, chiropractors may evaluate and treat patiens with osteoporosis. Although there is some awareness of osteoporosis in the chiropractic literature, there has been little communication between chiropractic practitioners and physicians and little discussion of the potential value of increased collaboration in the medical literature. Chiropractic participation in osteoporosis diagnosis, prevention, and treatment might serve as a model for the collboration of physicians and practitioners of alternative medicine.