저체중 또는 과체중 청소년에서 캠프 프로그램을 이용한 영양 교육효과에 관한 연구

성미경,승정자,류화춘,박재년,박동연,최미경,조경옥,최선혜,이윤신,김유경,이은주 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exercise habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education.

일 도농복합지역 저소득층 노인의 건강문제 분석 : 보건소 방문간호사업 대상자 중심으로

고일선,,이태화,이경자,이정렬,임미혜,천의영,주윤미,이계철 노인간호학회 2005 노인간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the health problems of low-income aged with chronic illness living in urban-rural composite area. Method: The sample consisted of 440 aged who were receiving home care services from a public health center. MDS-HC was applied to analyze the health problems of the aged. Data were collected through a face- to-face interview by six trained interviewers from June 28 to July 15, 2004. Result: Subjects had average number of 8 health problems in both urban and rural area. Lack of preventive health care measure, pain, and visual function were the most frequent health problem. The rural aged had more pain, bowel management problems, compared to the urban aged having more urinary incontinence and indwelling catheter. There were many health problems related to falls and pressure ulcers with middle-old aged in urban, and old-old aged in rural area. Conclusion: The results of this study showed strategies for care intervention of low-income elderly to put in practice. Therefore, tailored-service for each subject should be provided.

습식직접합성법에 의한 Pb(??)O₃분말합성

이경희,박영재,이병하,소대화 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1989 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.-

This research studied the powder preparation of Pb(??)O₃and the sintering characteristics of synthesized powder by wet-direct synthesized method in low temperature under 120℃. Pb(NO₃)₂, ZrOCl₂·8H₂O and TiCl₄ solutions were used as starting materials and suspension was obtained after mixing in constant mole ratio, using KOH as the precipitating agent. Reaction Temperature fixed 100℃ and 120℃, and at each temperature suspensions varied from 12hrs to 168 hrs at intervals of 3hrs. Synthesized powders were filtered, washed and dried and analyzed by DT/TG, XRD, SEM and EDS. In order study sintering characteristics of synthesized powder, it was pressed by isostatic press of 600㎏/㎠ pressure with 10mm diameter, 3mm thickness and sintered from 1,150℃ to 1,330℃ at each temperature in PbO atmosphere. The results obtained in this study are as follows: 1) Pb(??)O₃crystal preparation depends on mole ratio of Zr/Ti, reaction time and reaction temperature. 2) Powders of Pb(??)O₃, Pb(??)O₃, Pb(??)O₃and Pb(??)O₃composition were prepared single phase without intermediates at 100℃ in 51 hrs and Pb(??)O₃, Pb(??)O₃, Pb(??)O₃, Pb(??)O₃,Pb(??)O₃exist reaction residue Pb or ZrO₂ at 120℃ in 168 hrs. 3) Crystal form of synthesized Pb(??)O₃, Pb(??)O₃, Pb(??)O₃and Pb(??)O₃powders were all cubic types and grain size was 1㎛. 4) Sintering temperature of synthesized powder was rised along with the increasing of ZrO₂ composition, and Pb(??)O₃composition presented the best sintering characteristics at 1,270℃ .

안와종양의 임상경험

이경하,정화선 영남대학교 의과대학 1996 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.13 No.1

영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 안과에서 1984년 3월부터 1994년 8월까지 병리조직검사로 확인된 안와종양 95례를 대상으로 임상적 고찰을 실시하였다. 안와종양의 발생빈도는 성별로는 남자가 46명(48.4%), 여성이 49명(51.6%)으로서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 연령분포는 양성종양의 경우 전 연령층에 걸쳐 고루 분포하였고, 악성종양의 경우 10세 미만과 50-60대에 특히 많은 발생을 보였다. 광학 현미경으로살펴본 병리조직학적 검사상 양성 대 악성의 비율은 82%:18%로서 다른 연구에서 보다 양성종양의 비율이 높았다. 종류별로는 피부지방종(20례, 21%), 유피낭(11례,11.6), 점액류(8례,8.4%), 지방종(7례,7.4%), 다형성 선종(5례,5.3%)순이었다. 양성종양은 성인의 경우 점액류, 유피낭 다형성 선종, 해면 혈관종 순의 발생빈도를 보였고, 소아의 경우 피부지방종, 유피낭, 지방종, 망막모세포종 순의 발생빈도를 보였다. 악성종양은 망막모세포종 3례, 악성 흑색종 2례, 피지선암 2례, 상악동암2례 등이었다. 악성종양중 사망한 경우는 17례 중 8례(47.0%)로서 모두 이차성 혹은 전이성 안와종양이었다. The authors reviewed 95 cases(46 men and 49 women) of the orbital tumors diagnosed histopathologically at the Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1984 through August 1994. Seventy-five cases of benign tumors were found evenly in all decades, but twenty cases of malignant tumors were noticed more frequently in 1st, 6th, and 7th decades. The frequency of benign orbital tumors was in this order; dermolipoma(21%, 20 cases), dermoid cyst(11.6%, 11 cases), mucocele(8.4%, 8 cases), lipoma(7.4%, 7 cases) and pleomorphic adenoma(5.3%, 5 cases). Of malignant orbital tumors, the frequency was in this order; retinoblastoma(3 cases), malignant melanoma(2 cases), sebaceous carcinoma(2 cases), and maxillary sinus carcinoma(2 cases). Malignant orbital tumors of 8 expired patients were revealed as secondary or metastatic tumors.

혼합형 뇌졸중의 임상적 의의 : 비색전성 뇌경색 환자를 중심으로

이병철,유경호,도화범,권기한,황성희,김형철,강익원 대한신경과학회 1996 대한신경과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

습식 합성법을 이용한 CaTiO₃의 합성

이경희,소대화,이병하,김명식 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1987 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.1

It is desirable to establish reliable synthetic methods for perovskite type ceramics. To prepare CaTiO₃ in this study oxalated method, Co-precitation method and direct-wet process method was used. In oxalated method the reaction of CaCl₂ and TiCl₄at oxalic acid ammonia solution produced calcium - Titanyl oxalate. For the power preparations, the addition of NH₄OH solution has a important meaning that the component elements can be precipitated completely. The 900℃ calcined CaTiO₃ powders was pressed under 300 ㎏/㎠ into disk 15mm in diameter and 2mm thickness and then pressed hydrostatically under 500㎏/㎠. These powder compacts were sintered from 1100℃ to 1300℃ for 2hrs. The apparent density and dielectric constant were measured. The apparent densities were in the range of 90 ∼ 95% and dielectric constant was 180. Zn Co-precipitation method of CaCl₂ and TiCi₄ at (NH₄)₂CO₃ and NH₄ OH solution product CaTiO₃ and Ti(OH)₄ gel. As final synthetic method, direct - wet process was applied to form CaTiO₃.

Thermostable Alkalophilic Protease 생산균주의 효소학적 특성 및 분류동정

황경숙,이종화 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.2

충남 홍성군 광천지역의 사문암 토양은 pH 9.2 이상을 나타내어 초염기성 토양임이 확인되었다. 알칼리성 세균 분리에 사용되는 alkaline 배지(AL 배지)를 이용하여 초염기성 사문암토양으로부터 알칼리성 세균 76균주를 분리하였다. 분리균주 중 49균주가 알칼리성단백질 분해효소 생산균주로 약 65%의 높은 분포율을 나타내었다. 이들 세균 중 알칼리성 단백질 분해효소의 활성이 가장 큰 KSIA-9균주를 선발하여 효소학적 특성을 검토한 결과, 분리균주 KSIA-9는 최적 온도가 60℃이며 70℃에서도 최대 활성의 90% 이상을 유지하여 열에대해 안정한 특징을 나타내었다. 그람양성, 유포자세균으로 165 rDNA 염기서열 분석결과 Bacillus thuringinesis와 99%의 상동성을 나타내어 Bacillus thuringinesis로 동정되었다. Seventy-six alkalophilic bactena were isolated from serpentinite soil(>pH9.2). About 65% of the isolates among them was found to produce alkalophilic protease. Especially because KS1A-9 strain among them appeared to be finally selected. The apparent characteristics of these isolates based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analysis are as follows. KS1A-9 which produced alkalophilic and thermostable protease was gram-positive, sporeforming, regular rods. Respiratory quinone is MK-7 and MK-8, and major cellular fatty acids are iso-C_15^-0, iso-C_14 0 and anteiso-C_13^-0. When determining the relationship of this strain was closely (99%) related to Bacillus thuringiensis.

한국 여성운동과 걸스카우트운동 : 과거·현재·미래 Yesterday, Present and Tomorrow

정세화,이동원,김미숙,박진숙,장화경,홍승아 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-

One of the major implications of women's movements seems to lie in the fact that it tends to promote women's consciousness-raising and, thus, heighten social status of women in general. It would be very much the case when discussion centers around the emergence of Korean women's movements in modern sense. Due to the socio-political atmospheres of the lathe 19th century Korean society, its basic characteristics owe to strong tones of patriotic nationalism under the slogan of "learning is might enough to deal with the imperialistic foreign powers of the time." As such, ever since the introduction of women's enlightenment movements of the time, Korean women's movements have provided for the advancement of egalitarian society. However, assessing the effectiveness of programs that are practiced by the existing women's organizations in Korea, it deserves mention in that most programs are for the adult female members, assuming it would only be applicable to those adults. In this regard, it can be said that the Korean Girl Scout organization has worked a unique role to make up such voids in women's movements - most programs developed and exercised by the Girl Scout are reserved for those young girls. For instance, special activities like social services, field campaigns, and international gatherings would definitely work a profound impact in the formation of gender-role stereotypes of the youth. The present study tries to examine the Korean Girl Scout movement being the case of women's movement organization. Discussion will cover such topics as; historical reviews of Korean Girl Scout movement, principal organizational goals and its practice in real life, and internal dynamics of members between "staffs" and the ordinary members themselves-on perceptions of the movement, evaluation of leaderships, and the future orientations of the Girl Scout, etc. Various research methods are employed. Book reviews, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and participant observations are utilized, when the respective measurement is required. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Numbers of Girl Scout membership have declined since 1980, while revealing its utmost pick upto mid-70s. In terms of regional distributions of the members, both Seoul and Kyung-Nam Branches are the most prosperous. Whereas commemoration ceremonies and camping works are considered most impressive programs, membership trainings and field works are the lowest. About 70 percent of the members show their length of activities in Girl Scout less than one year. Most members are involved in the activities based on self-decision in order to have social services, club memberships, or self actualizations. They are satisfied with most of the programs, especially when participating in the social service programs. (2) As for the staff members, about half of the leaders in the headquarters are newly appointed. Whereas majority of the 'field' staffs are young (in their 20s, or 30s), other leaders are considered old (most of them are in their 40s, 50s, or 60s). Half of the leaders are involved in the activities for less than 5 years. They are recruited by either colleagues' or office seniors' recommendations. Reasons to participate in the movement are to have self-actualized or to have opportunity for social services. All in all, leaders are satisfied with the Girl Scout activities mainly because they can see their youth members progressing and developing. (3) Several issues for the better organizational managements seem to be related. prevalence of aspirational differences between leaders and members tends to cause psychological burdens. Other problematics such as lack of free communication networks, tensions due to cohort differences, authoritarian leadership styles, and financial difficulties would hinder Girl Scout movement more promising and popular to all. Based on the research findings, two major suggestions might be in order. First, underlying rationales of the Girl Scout movement should be reoriented. A special emphasis on the creation of self-supportive 'androgynous individuals' would be the case (in this regard, an intensive program targeted for those pre-school-aged members would be the most effective). As a way to achieve the strategic reformulation, reliance on the interdisciplinary program (for example, coordination with the university) will be one possibility. Secondly, an organizational management should be sufficiently considered. provisions (tangible and intangible) for the 'field leaders' being the key leader group in the Girl Scout movement should be afforded enough to keep their participations voluntary and continuous.

진동 센서용 3성분계 압전 박막의 제조 및 그 특성 분석(Ⅱ)

윤화중,서일환,구경완,임무열,이진호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 연차보고서 Vol.1994 No.-

3성분계 PZT 압전박막의 출발물질로는 Pb acetate, Zr propoxide, Ti propoxide, Ni acetate, Nb ethoxide를 사용하였고, 용매로는 iso metoxy ethanol을 사용하였다. 가수분해를 방지하기 위해 coating 용액에 diethanolamine을 첨가하여 chelate화합물을 형성하였고, coating 전에 H_2O를 첨가하여 M-O-M 구조의 polymer gel이 형성되도록 하여 내구성이 강한 박막을 제작하였다. Coating 용액의 열중량 분석 결과, 건조 온도는 90℃∼120℃, 예비소결 온도는 300℃∼400℃가 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 박막의 SEM 단면 촬영 결과, 하부기판과 하부전극 사이의 TiN-Ti-TiN buffer층이 박막과 하부 기판과의 반응을 막아주어 막이 잘 형성되었으며, 각 계면에서도 별다른 이상이 발견되지 않았다. X-RD로 박막의 결정성을 조사한 결과 Pt 기판과 Pt/TiN-Ti-TiN/Si 기판 공히 550℃의 소결에서 결정성이 가장 양호하며 600℃ 이상에서는 과소결 되는 것으로 판단된다. D-E Hysterisis 곡선을 관찰한 결과 이 박막은 강유전체임을 확인했으며, 항전계는 28.8 ㎸/㎝, 잔유분극은 18.3 μC/㎠ 이었다. 박막의 I-V 특성 결과는 다음과 같다. ◁표 삽입▷(원본을 참조하세요) 3성분계 PZT 박막의 C-V 특성곡선을 측정한 결과 각 조성비에 대한 비유전율은①(50:40:10)은 406, ②(50:30:20)은 1084, ③(45:35:20)은 723, ④(40:40:20)은 316이었다. In order to make the three compound piezoelectric thin film, the Pb acetate, Zr propoxide, Ti propoxide, Ni acetate, Nb ethoxide are used as starting materials, and iso metoxyethanol was used as a solvent. After DEA (diethanolamine) is added in to the solution, the coating solution and chelate compound are made in order to the phenomenon of hydrosys was prevented. Before coating, H2O was added in to the solution, the polymer gel which is M-O-M structure was formed, and then the strong durable film was made. As a result of the analysis by TGA, dry temperature was between 90℃ and 120℃, presintering temperature was indicated between 300℃ and 400℃. As a result of observing the SEM cross section of the film in the pictures were taken, the reaction of membrane and substrate caused by TiN-Ti-TiN buffer layers, and the abnormality was not detected in the boundary surfaces. As a result of checking of the X-RD film crystallization, the crystallization is best at 550℃ sintering and at 600℃ upper the over sintering is made on the both of Pt substrate and Pt/TiN-Ti-TiN/Si substrate. As a result of observing the D-E hysterisis curve, in the thin film the strong dielectricity was found and coercive field was 28.8 ㎸/㎝, the remanent polariztion was 18.3 μC/㎠. Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristic chart is as following ◁표 삽입▷(원본을 참조하세요) As a result of measuring the C-V characteristic curve of the three compound piezoelectric thin film, the relative dielectric constant was ①(50:40:10)→406, ②(50:30:20)→1084, ③(45:35:20)→723, ④(40:40:20)→316.

진동 센서용 압전 박막의 제조 및 그 특성 분석

윤화중,서일환,구경환,임무열,이진호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1993 연차보고서 Vol.1993 No.-

졸-겔 spin-coating법을 이용하여 PZT 압전 박막을 제작하고 그 물리적 및 전기적 성질을 평가하여 진동 측정용 센서로서의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. PZT의 원료로는 Pb-acetate, Zr-propoxide 그리고 Ti-propoxide를 사용하였다 SEM 단면사진의 결과 하부전극 금속이 silicate화 하였고, SIMS 분석결과 Si와 하부전극의 금속이 PZT 박막의 상층부까지 확산된 것을 알 수 있었다. X-RD로 박막의 결정성을 조사한 결과 하부전극을 Pt로 한 박막과 buffer 층으로 Ti를 증착한 박막에서 강한 perovskite 상이 나타났다. D-E Hysterisis 곡선을 관찰한 결과 강유전성을 나타내며, 항전계는 33.3 ㎸/㎝, 잔유분극은 1.92 C/℃ 이었다. 박막의 비유전율은 57이었다. 박막의 resistance와 impedance의 반공진 주파수는 612 ㎒이고, 이때의 resistance 값은 14 ㏀이었다. 박막의 진동에 대한 주파수 응답 곡선을 측정 결과 12000 ㎐ 이하 저주파 영역에서는 응답 특성이 떨어지고 12000 ㎐ 이상의 어느 정도 높은 주파수 영역에서 응답 특성이 양호하다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 20000 ㎐ 100 ㏈(V)의 진동에 대해 151.4 ㎶의 응답을 나타내었다. PZT thin film was prepared by Sol-Gel spin-coating method and it's physical and electrical caracteristics were appreciated. Pb acetate, Zr propoxide and Ti propoxide used for the starting material to fabricate PZT coating solution. The cross-sectional SEM micrograph showed that the metals of lower electrode was silicated. The SIMS depth profile indicated that the metal of lower electrode and silicon diffused up to the upper part of PZT thin film. For the X-RD data of PZT thin film, the thin film on Pt substrate and with Ti buffer layer had strong perovskite phase. The PZT thin films measured by Sawyer-Tower circuit showed feroelectric characteristic representating D-E hysterisis curve. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the film was 1.92 C/㎠ and 33.3kV/㎝. Dielectric constant of Film is 57. The resistance and impedance antiresonance frequency was 612 ㎒, and the resistance was 14 ㏀ at that frequency. The frequency response curve of PZT film showed that the PZT film responded sensitively at the high frequency, and response voltage of PZT film was 151.4 ㎶ at 20,000 ㎐ 100 ㏈(V) frequency.