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A Malignant Melanoma Associated with a Blue Nevus of the Lip
Hye Young Lee,So Young Na,Young Min Son,Hong Kyu Kang,Jin Ok Baek,Jong Rok Lee,Joo Young Roh 대한피부과학회 2010 Annals of Dermatology Vol.22 No.1
Blue nevi are characterized by a collection of pigment-producing melanocytes in the dermis. These lesions clinically present as well demarcated cerulean-blue or bluish black colored papules or plaques that usually measure less than 1 cm in diameter. They are typically found on the dorsal surface of the hands and feet or in the head and neck region; however, they are rarely found in the oral cavity. These lesions are usually benign and stable over time. However, malignant melanomas developing in or associated with a blue nevus (which is also called malignant blue nevus) have been only rarely reported. A malignant blue nevus might develop in a common blue or cellular blue nevus, a giant congenital nevus or in a nevus of Ota, or it may be malignant from the start. Malignant blue nevi most commonly are found on the scalp. A malignant blue nevus of the lip has not been previously reported in the medical literature. We report here on a patient with a malignant melanoma associated with a blue nevus of the lip. The malignant melanoma was presumed to have developed from a blue nevus that was present on the upper lip of a 50-year-old male. (Ann Dermatol 22(1) 119∼124, 2010)
Kang, Eun-Hye,Kang, Cheol,Yang, Sanghee,Oks, Elina,Choi, Tae-Lim American Chemical Society 2016 Macromolecules Vol.49 No.17
<P>Until recently, the cyclopolymerization (CP) of 1,6-heptadiyne derivatives using Grubbs catalysts had been unsuccessful, leading to the misbelief that these catalysts were inactive in these circumstances. However, a recent breakthrough has changed this previous perspective of CP, where a successful living CP was reported using a third-generation Grubbs catalyst with the aid of weakly coordinating ligands. Although it became clear that weakly coordinating ligands greatly enhanced the efficiency of CP by suppressing the decomposition of the propagating carbene, it was still unclear as to what was actually occurring during the previous attempts at CP using ligand-free conditions, especially in the case of the Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. Here, we have found that second-generation Grubbs or Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts in dichloromethane (DCM) formed predominantly side products, i.e., dimers and trimers of 1,6-heptadiyne derivatives, instead of producing the desired conjugated polymers. Further mechanistic studies disclosed that [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions by the decomposed Grubbs catalyst were responsible for these side products, not the commonly presumed olefin metathesis pathway. Furthermore, a control experiment revealed that pyridine not only stabilized the propagating carbene but also suppressed the dimer formation by poisoning the newly generated catalytic species that would have promoted [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition. This observation explained why the third-generation Grubbs catalyst successfully and selectively cyclopolymerized 1,6-heptadiyne monomers. Another significant observation was that depending on the nature of the substituents of the 1,6-heptadiynes, different ratios of polymers and side-products were obtained as a result of competition between CP and cycloaddition. Monomers containing more coordinating substituents favored the undesired cycloaddition products owing to slower polymerization and faster decomposition of the carbene, while weakly chelating monomers strongly favored CP. Finally, with this new mechanistic understanding of the factors that contribute to CP propagation and decomposition of the Grubbs catalysts, we could maximize the efficiency of CP by modifying the monomer structure, lowering the reaction temperature, or adding stabilizing ligands. This report demonstrates a successful result of how mechanistic investigation has turned a previously unattainable polymerization into an efficient one.</P>
( Hye Geun Cha ),( Yi Ok Kim ),( Woon Yong Choi ),( Do Hyung Kang ),( Hyeon Yong Lee ),( Kyung Hwan Jung ) 한국균학회 2014 Mycobiology Vol.42 No.3
We evaluated a more practical and cost-effective immobilization carriers for ethanol production using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three candidate materials-rice hull, rice straw, and sawdust-were tested for their cell-adsorption capacity and operational durability. Derivatizations of rice hull, rice straw, and sawdust with the optimal concentration of 0.5 M of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride (DEAE·HCl) resulted in > 95% adsorption of the initial yeast cells at 2 hr for DEAErice hull and DEAE-sawdust and in only approximately 80% adsorption for DEAE-rice straw. In addition, DEAE-sawdust was found to be a more practical carrier for immobilizing yeast cells in terms of operational durability in shaking flask cultures with two different speeds of 60 and 150 rpm. Furthermore, the biosorption isotherms of DEAE-rice hull, -rice straw, and -sawdust for yeast cells revealed that the Qmax of DEAE-sawdust (82.6 mg/g) was greater than that of DEAE-rice hull and DEAE-rice straw. During the 404-hr of continuous column reactor operation using yeast cells immobilized on DEAE-sawdust, no serious detachment of the yeast cells from the DEAE-sawdust was recorded. Ethanol yield of approximately 3.04 g/L was produced steadily, and glucose was completely converted to ethanol at a yield of 0.375 g-ethanol/g-glucose (73.4% of the theoretical value). Thus, sawdust is a promising practical immobilization carrier for ethanol production, with significance in the production of bioethanol as a biofuel.
Inhibition of Trypsin-Induced Mast Cell Activation by Water Fraction of Lonicera japonica
Kang, Ok-Hwa,Choi, Yeon-A,Park, Hye-Jung,Lee, Joo-Young,Kim, Dae-Ki,Choi, Suck-Chei,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Nah, Yong-Ho,Yun, Ki-Jung,Choi, Suck-Jun,Kim, Young-Ho,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Lee, Young-Ml The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.11
Lonicera japonica Thunb.(Caprifoliaceae) has long been known as an anti-inflammatory. In the present study, the effect of water fraction of Lonicera japonica (LJ) on trypsin-induced mast cell activation was examined. HMC-1 cells were stimulated with trypsin (100 nM) in the presence or absence of LJ (10, 100, and 1000 $\mu$ g/mL). TNF-$\alpha$ and tryptase production were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-PCR. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot. Trypsin activity was measured by using Bz-DL-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) as substrate. LJ (10, 100, and 1000 $\mu$g/mL) inhibited TNF-$\alpha$ secretion in a dose-dependent manner. LJ (10, 100, and 1000 $\mu$g/mL) also inhibited TNF-$\alpha$ and tryptase mRNA expression in trypsin-stimulated HMC-1. Furthermore, LJ inhibited trypsin-induced ERK phosphorylation. However, LJ did not affect the trypsin activity even 1000 $\mu$g/mL. These results indicate that LJ may inhibit trypsin-induced mast cell activation through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation than the inhibition of trypsin activity.
Kang, Ok-Hwa,Kim, Jin-A,Choi, Yeon-A,Park, Hye-Jung,Kim, Dae-Ki,An, Yong-Hwan,Choi, Suck-Chei,Yun, Ki-Jung,Nah, Yong-Ho,Cai, Xing Fu,Kim, Young-Ho,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Lee, Young-Mi D.A. Spandidos 2005 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.15 No.6
<P>Interleukin (IL)-8 plays a central role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory responses in the inflammatory bowel disease. The proinflammatory cytokine-mediated production of IL-8 requires activation of various kinases, which leads to the I kappa B degradation and NF-kappa B activation. We investigated the role of 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a saponin isolated from licorice roots, on TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production in human colonic epithelial cells. HT29 cells were stimulated with TNF-alpha in the presence or absence of GA (1, 5 or 10 microM). IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and I kappa B alpha degradation were determined by Western blot analysis. GA suppressed TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, GA inhibited TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK), I kappa B alpha degradation, and NF-kappa B activation. These results suggest that GA has the inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 production in the intestinal epithelial cells through blockade in the phosphorylation of MAPKs, following I kappa B alpha degradation and NF-kappa B activation.</P>
( Hye Geun Cha ),( Yi Ok Kim ),( Hyeon Yong Lee ),( Woon Yong Choi ),( Do Hyung Kang ),( Kyung Hwan Jung ) 한국균학회 2014 Mycobiology Vol.42 No.3
We investigated a novel process for production of ethanol from glycerol using the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. After optimization of the fermentation medium, repeated-batch flask culture was performed over a period of 378 hr using yeast cells immobilized on Celite. Our results indicated that the use of Celite for immobilization of P. tannophilus was a practical approach for ethanol production from glycerol, and should be suitable for industrial ethanol production.