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Subacute oral toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaf extracts in Sprague-Dawley rats
Jiyong Park(Jiyong Park),Chang-Soo Cho(Chang-Soo Cho),Jun-Ho Song(Jun-Ho Song),Kwang Il Park(Kwang Il Park),Yeung Bae Jin(Yeung Bae Jin),Woo Hyun Kim(Woo Hyun Kim),Suk Kim(Suk Kim),Hu-Jang Lee(Hu-Jang 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.1
This study examined the subacute oral toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaves hot-water extracts (DMWE) using male and female Spargue-Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered the DMWE at dose levels of 0, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for four weeks. For experimental period, clinical signs and the number of deaths were examined, and feed intake and BW of all experimental animals were measured once a week for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from all rats, and all animals were euthanized and autopsies were performed to collect major organs. No dead animals were found during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and DMWE-treated groups in feed intakes, BW changes, organ weights, clinical signs, hematological parameters, and serum biochemical parameters. The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of DMWE at the dose of 2,000 mg/kg BW is safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects.
유럽향 세미본넷 트럭 어퍼바디 장착을 위한 Integration 검증
송지용(Jiyong Song),나욱진(Wookjin Na) 한국자동차공학회 2016 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2016 No.11
The semi-bonnet truck consists of Chassis Cab composed of cabin(CAB) and chassis frame and upper body(UB) such as Deck, Box etc. The motor company has to offer manual about connection part of Chassis cab and Upper body to body builder company for manufacturing specially equipped vehicle of European Semi-bonnet truck. This is called BBM (Body Builder Manual). In this study, the simulations are carried out under several loading conditions (Normal loads, Abuse loads, Special loads) in various specially equipped vehicles (Tail-Lift Box, Sidewards of Tipper, Backwards of Tipper vehicle etc.) for ensuring robustness of connection part of Chassis cab and UB. It was able to secure stiffness and strength of connection part of Chassis cab and UB through this process, and optimize the position and number of the chassis bracket.
Acute oral toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaf extracts in ICR mice
Chang-Soo Cho(Chang-Soo Cho),Jiyong Park(Jiyong Park),Jun-Ho Song(Jun-Ho Song),Yeung Bea Jin(Yeung Bea Jin),Kwang Il Park(Kwang Il Park),Woo Hyun Kim(Woo Hyun Kim),Suk Kim(Suk Kim),Hu-Jang Lee(Hu-Jang 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.1
In this study, the acute toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaf hot-water extracts (DMWE) was examined in male and female ICR mice. Mice were orally administered the DMWE at dose levels of 0, 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for single-dose toxicity test. There were no significant differences in change of BW between control and all DMWE treated-groups. In hematological and blood biochemical analysis, none of the parameters were affected by the DMWE. Similarly, there were no significant effects on markers for liver and kidney functions in all DMWE treated-groups. Since there were no adverse effects of the DMWE in single oral toxicity tests, even at the highest doses, it was concluded that the lethal dose 50 (LD50) of DMWE is estimated at > 2,000 mg/kg BW.
Effects of High-Pressure Hydrogen Annealing (HPHA) on Reliability Characteristics of RRAM
Song, Jeonghwan,Lee, Daeseok,Woo, Jiyong,Cha, Euijun,Lee, Sangheon,Hwang, Hyunsang American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.5
<P>Reliability characteristics (retention and endurance) of RRAM are critical for its practical realization and need to be improved. In this work, we confirmed the trade-off between retention and endurance by using various top electrode thickness conditions. The trade-off between retention and endurance characteristics was mainly due to the different amount of oxygen in scavenging layer (Ta) and the amount of oxygen vacancy in switching layer (HfO2). The amount of the oxygen in scavenging layer (Ta) and the amount of the oxygen vacancy in switching layer (HfO2) will be increased with the increase of Ta thickness. Therefore, the thicker Ta cells have worse retention because the large amount of oxygen in scavenging layer (Ta) can diffuse back into switching layer (HfO2) and recombine with oxygen vacancies in the filament. However, it has longer endurance because the large amount of oxygen vacancy in switching layer (HfO2) can be a source of the filament. Hence, there exists a trade-off relation between retention and endurance under the various Ta thickness conditions. To improve both retention and endurance characteristics, we proposed a new method by using high-pressure hydrogen annealing (HPHA). The thin Ta cells have longer retention and worse endurance because it has small amount of both oxygen in scavenging layer (Ta) and oxygen vacancy in switching layer (HfO2). Therefore, to generate more oxygen vacancies in switching layer (HfO2) maintaining small amount of oxygen in scavenging layer (Ta), we treated the samples by HPHA before Ta deposition. Finally, we obtained both improved retention and endurance characteristics in HfO2 based RRAM devices after high-pressure hydrogen annealing treatment.</P>
Color-Tuning Mechanism of the Lit Form of Orange Carotenoid Protein
Jiyong Park,Man-Hyuk Han,Hee Wook Yang,Jungmin Yoon,Yvette Villafani,Ji-Young Song,Cheol Ho Pan,Keunwan Park,Youngmoon Cho,송지준,Seung Joong Kim,박연일 한국분자세포생물학회 2023 Molecules and cells Vol.46 No.8
Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) of photosynthetic cyanobacteria binds to ketocarotenoids noncovalently and absorbs excess light to protect the host organism from light-induced oxidative damage. Herein, we found that mutating valine 40 in the α3 helix of Gloeocapsa sp. PCC 7513 (GlOCP1) resulted in blue- or red-shifts of 6-20 nm in the absorption maxima of the lit forms. We analyzed the origins of absorption maxima shifts by integrating X-ray crystallography, homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Our analysis suggested that the single residue mutations alter the polar environment surrounding the bound canthaxanthin, thereby modulating the degree of charge transfer in the photoexcited state of the chromophore. Our integrated investigations reveal the mechanism of color adaptation specific to OCPs and suggest a design principle for color-specific photoswitches.
Song, Jeonghwan,Woo, Jiyong,Yoo, Jongmyung,Chekol, Solomon Amsalu,Lim, Seokjae,Sung, Changhyuck,Hwang, Hyunsang Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.64 No.11
<P>The effects of liner thickness on the reliability of AgTe/TiO2-based threshold switching (TS) devices were investigated. The off-state current of an AgTe/TiO2/Pt TS device was found to be significantly increased by in-diffusion of Ag into the TiO2 layer during the annealing process. Therefore, 3-, 5- and 7-nm TiN liners were introduced and compared to prevent the in-diffusion of Ag. While the 3-nm TiN liner was shown to be incapable of blocking Ag in-diffusion into the TiO2 layer, the 5- and 7-nm liners effectively suppressed in-diffusion and maintained high off-state resistance. However, the TS device with the 7-nm TiN liner exhibited wide threshold voltage distribution and poor endurance characteristics owing to a lack of Ag sources. The TS device with a 5-nm TiN liner, by contrast, was found to have an adequate amount of Ag sources and to demonstrate thermally stable and electrically reliable characteristics. The effects of TiN liner on Ag diffusion were also directly confirmed using energy dispersive spectrometry line profiles, transmission electron microscopy imaging, and mapping analyses.</P>
체간 근력 강화를 위한 공 운동이 경직형 뇌성마비 아동의 큰 동작 기능에 미치는 효과
송병호,윤지용 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2003 특수교육 Vol.2 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 정립반응, 평형반응, 보호적 신전반응의 움직임을 이용하여 체간 근력을 강화시킬 수 있는 공 운동이 경직형 뇌성마비 아동의 큰 동작 기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 함에 있다. 본 연구는 경직형 뇌성마비 아동 6명을 대상으로 6주간 주 2회, 회당 30분의 체간 근력을 강화시킬 수 있는 공 운동을 실시하였다. 큰 동작 기능 척도는 눕기와 뒤집기, 앉기, 네발기기와 무릎서기, 서기 4개 영역으로 구성되어 있는데 4영역 64항목에 대해 운동 효과를 평가하였다. 이를 분석하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공 운동의 효과가 유의하게 향상되어 나타난 영역은 눕기와 뒤집기, 네발기기와 무릎서기 영역이었다. 둘째, 앉기, 서기 영역에서는 공 운동의 효과가 어느 정도 나타났으나 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과로서 체간 근력 강화를 위한 공 운동이 경직형 뇌성마비 아동의 큰 동작 기능에 미치는 효과는 각 영역 중에서 눕기와 뒤집기, 그리고, 네발기기와 무릎서기 영역의 기능에서 통계학적으로 유의한 효과가 있음이 입증되었다. The Purpose of this study was to find the effects of Therapeutic Ball Exercises using righting reaction, equilibrium reaction, and protective extension reaction movements on gross functional movements. Subjects were 6 children with spastic cerebral palsy, ages 1 to 8 year old, who were able to sit independently except one, 1 year old boy. Twice a week 30 minutes of trunk strengthening exercises using Therapeutic Ball were given for 6 weeks. Results showed the effects of Therapeutic Ball Exercises on sit to supine, supine to prone, prone to supine, creeping, and half kneeling significantly. Effects of Therapeutic Ball Exercises showed the improvements of sitting and standing, however, it was not significant. The results supported the effects of strengthening exercises using Therapeutic Ball on the improvement of sit to supine, supine to prone, prone to supine, creeping, and half kneeling significantly.
Steep Slope Field-Effect Transistors With Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>-Based Threshold Switching Device
Song, Jeonghwan,Woo, Jiyong,Lee, Sangheon,Prakash, Amit,Yoo, Jongmyung,Moon, Kibong,Hwang, Hyunsang IEEE 2016 IEEE electron device letters Vol.37 No.7
<P>In this letter, we demonstrate a steep slope fieldeffect transistor (FET) using a threshold switching (TS) device. The Ag/TiO2-based TS device reported in our previous work was implemented in series with the drain region of a transistor. Since the TS device has an abrupt transition between the OFF- and ON-states and vice versa, the transistor has a 5-mV/decade subthreshold slope and a high ON/OFF-current ratio (I-ON/I-OFF) of >10(7) with a low drain voltage (0.3 V). Furthermore, the threshold voltage (V-th,V- FET) of the transistor can be tuned by controlling the thickness of the TS device.</P>
Self-Limited CBRAM With Threshold Selector for 1S1R Crossbar Array Applications
Song, Jeonghwan,Woo, Jiyong,Lim, Seokjae,Chekol, Solomon Amsalu,Hwang, Hyunsang IEEE 2017 IEEE electron device letters Vol.38 No.11
<P>In this letter, we demonstrate a self-limited conductive-bridging random accessmemory (CBRAM) that removes the necessity for external current compliance in a one selector-one resistor (1S1R) architecture. The standard Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is used as a CBRAM switching layer. In addition, Te-rich GST is also considered. Their performance is then compared. Both samples exhibit self-limited on-current characteristics, and the on-currents of the standard GST and Te-rich GST are similar to 300 and similar to 20 mu A, respectively. The observed self-limited characteristics are caused by the Te in the GST layer because in the presence of Te, Cu tends to form a more stable CuTe phase that restrict Cu filament growth. Furthermore, to confirm the feasibility of crossbar array applications, the 1S1R device is evaluated using a Ag/TiO2-based threshold selector device reported in our previous work. Hence, we confirm leakage current reduction, a uniform resistance distribution, and stable retention characteristics in the 1S1R configuration with no external current compliance.</P>