鄕歌와 詞腦에 對하여

宋在周 朝鮮大學校 師範大學 國語敎育科 1981 國語敎育硏究 Vol.2 No.-

“오늘날 우리가 물려 받은 향가중에서 처용가만큼 조잡한 작품이 또 달리 있을 것 같지 않다. 「모죽지랑가」에서는 더욱 그러한 것이다. 「처용가」에서는 그런대로 일말의 humor나 eroticism이라도 발견할 수 있지마는, 「모죽지랑가」에서는 필부필부(匹夫匹婦)들이 늘어놓은 상청에서의 넋두리를 넘어서지 못한 조잡밖에 없기 때문이다”라고 하여 “일말의 humor나 eroticism의 인정으로서 ”처용가“의 문학성을 층정하는 요건중의 하나로 보아 아쉬운대로 무리하게 격상(?)시켜 보려고 한 듯하지만 삼국유사 ”처용랑, 망해사“ 조에 실려있는 이 처용가에 대한 연구 업적들과는 상당한 거리감을 느끼게 한다. 필자도 ”처용가의 형성연대에 대하여“(조선대학교 ”인문과연구“ 제3집 1681.2)에서 이삼국유사에 대한 문헌기록의 분석검토와 처용가 표기에 사용된 표기체계의 특징을 고찰한 바에 다라서, 아무래도 처용설화 및 처용가는 고려 광종후 충렬왕 이전에 형성되었으리라는 결론에 도달할 수밖에 없다고 하였었다. 또한 향가 표기 중 우리의 주목을 끌게 하는 것은 “東京暝期月良” 이라고 표기된 데에서 “동경”이라는 어사라고 할 것이다. 이 “동경”이 경주를 가리킨다는 것은 아직 움직일 수 없는 정설처럼 알려지고 있는데, 필자와 같이 고려초기 형성설을 가지고 본다면 더욱 더 문제거니와 삼국유사의 기록을 그대로 존신하여 신라 헌강왕대 작품이라 하더라도 “동경”이라고 표기된 이 어사는 이 처용가를 “조잡한 지방문학”이라고만 일축하기에는, 그 지방이 수도에 대립된 지방인진댄, 곤란한 문제라고 하지 않을 수가 없는 것이다. “동경”어사에 대한 새로운 해석 내지 처용가 전체 해석에 의한 “동경”의 해석이 합리적으로 처리되어야 할 것임은 물론이다. 충분한 고증에 의해서라는 뜻도 될 것이다. 여상한 필자의 주장은 집단적인 원시 제례 의식의 무도에서 발생한 시률에서 시가가 나오고, 그 제례에서 민요와 서정시가 파생되며, 민요는 목축자나 농민의 사이에 전하여지고, 서정시는 도시의 귀족 하이에서 육성된다는 계보나 원리에 위배되는 것이 아니라 함을 부언하여 두련다.

Enantioselective Synthesis of <i>anti</i>–<i>syn</i>-Trihalides and <i>anti</i>–<i>syn</i>–<i>anti</i>-Tetrahalides via Asymmetric β-Elimination

Tan, Yu,Luo, Shilong,Li, Dongmei,Zhang, Nan,Jia, Shiqi,Liu, Yidong,Qin, Wenling,Song, Choong Eui,Yan, Hailong American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.18

<P>Structural motifs containing contiguous halide bearing stereocenters are common in natural products as well as bioactive molecules. A few successful examples have been reported in the area of asymmetric vicinal dihalogenation of alkenes for accessing dihalogenated products; in this report, an alternative generation method of contiguous halide-bearing stereocenters alpha,beta,gamma,delta relative to carbonyl group in excellent enantioselectivity is proposed by utilizing a Song's oligoEG catalyst-catalyzed asymmetric beta-elimination. According to this methodology, a wide range of anti-syn-trihalides and anti-syn-anti-tetrahalides with high levels of enantioselectivity were synthesized. The synthetic utility of the contiguous halide-bearing stereocenters was demonstrated by several transformations. The results of high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that the favorable interaction between catalyst and one of the enantiomers of racemic contiguously multihalogenated ketone contributed to the original enantioselectivity of dehydrohalogenation. A deuterium kinetic isotope effect experiment revealed that this beta-elimination reaction proceeds by the E2 mechanism. This strategy opens a new pathway for the asymmetric synthesis of contiguous halide bearing stereocenters of great complexity.</P>

Effects of Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera Metzg Ethanol Extract on Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells

Jia-Le Song,Yanyuan Zhou,Bo Qian,Chenqiang Wang,Ting Yu,Kun-Young Park 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Endobronchial suction catheter guided nasotracheal intubation with preformed nasotracheal tube

Jia Song,Taehee Pyeon,Daehoon Kim,Changhoon Lee,Joungmin Kim 조선대학교 의학연구원 2020 Medical Bilogical Science and Engineering Vol.1 No.1

Nasotracheal intubation is commonly used in surgery requiring space of the orofacial field. The endotracheal tube used for nasotracheal intubation is either a conventional tube or a preformed nasotracheal tube considering nasal passage. Conventional nasotracheal intubation starts with blind passage of an endotracheal tube via the nostril followed by laryngoscopy-assisted intubation through the vocal cord with or without the aid of Magill forceps. During intubation, anesthesiologists may experience interruption of endotracheal tube passage because of resistance in nasal cavity. It is known that any excessive force may significantly increase the risk of damage to nasal structures. One way to prevent this damage is Guided-technique. Guided technique is easier, cheaper and safer than conventional technique. Here we report a case of successful endotracheal intubation with preformed nasotracheal tube following endobronchial suction catheter guidance. Guided technique with endobronchial suction catheter is useful for nasotracheal intubation with preformed nasotracheal intubation tube.

Fermented Ganjangs (Soy Sauce and Sesame Sauce) Attenuates Colonic Carcinogenesis in Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Treated C57BL/6J Mice

Jia-Le Song,최정호,서재훈,박건영 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.9

The effects of different ganjangs (also designated as kanjang), including acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce (AHSS), fermented soy sauce (FSS), and fermented sesame sauce (FSeS), on azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 2%)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in C57BL/6J mice were studied. Low doses (4 mL/kg) of both FSeS and FSS significantly increased colon length, suppressed AOM/DSS-induced increases in colon weight/length ratios, and induced colorectal neoplasia compared with AHSS-treated and control mice. Fermented sauces, particularly low doses of FSeS and FSS, showed activity against AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis by abrogating serum and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17α as well as by reducing mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colon mucosa. FSeS significantly increased colonic p53 expression compared with other sauces. However, AHSS showed weak activity against AOM/DSS-induced colonic carcinogenesis. Overall, FSeS showed the strongest anticancer effect, followed by FSS and AHSS. Thus, fermentation with microorganisms rather than chemical processes is important, and raw materials are another factor influencing anticancer activity.

Bio-inspired synthesis and characterization of mesoporous ZnFe2O4 hollow fibers with enhancement of adsorption capacity for acid dye

Jia Liu,Dickon H.L. Ng,Peng Song,Yi Song,Chao Kong 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-

Magnetic ZnFe2O4 hollow fibers were synthesized via a facile bio-template method involving porefabricating and nanoparticle assembling process. The as-prepared kapok-morphic ZnFe2O4 exhibited hollow fiber structure composed of nanocrystallites with grain sizes of 30–50 nm. The adsorption kinetics equilibrium and thermodynamics of acid fuchsin onto ZnFe2O4 were investigated. It was found that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic, and the adsorption process was well described by both the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZnFe2O4 hollow fibers for acid fuchsin was 150.37 mg/g. Electrostatic absorption was conceived as the main adsorption mechanisms.

A Fault Detection Technique based on Numerical Taxonomy in WSNs

Song Jia,Wang Bailing,Peng Xiyuan 보안공학연구지원센터(IJGDC) 2013 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.6 No.2

Flecainide Improve Sepsis Induced Acute Lung Injury by Controlling Inflammatory Response

Jia Song,Young joong Suh,Hyun jung Lee,Eun a Jang,배홍범,곽상현 대한중환자의학회 2016 Acute and Critical Care Vol.31 No.3

Background: Flecainide is an antiarrhythmic agent that is used primarily in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Some evidences also suggest that flecainide can participate in alveolar fluid clearance and inflammatory responses. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effects of flecainide on sepsis induced acute lung injury in a rat model. Methods: Rats were treated with subcutaneous infusion of saline or flecainide (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg/hr) by a mini-osmotic pump. Subcutaneous infusion was started 3 hours before and continued until 8 hours after intraperitoneal injection of saline or endotoxin. Animals were sacrificed for analyses of severity of acute lung injury with wet to dry (W/D) ratio and lung injury score (LIS) in lung and inflammatory responses with level of leukocyte, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and inteleukin-8 (IL-8) in bronchoalveolar lavages fluid (BALF). Results: Flecainide markedly improved dose dependently sepsis induced acute lung injury as analysed by W/D ratio (from 2.24 ± 0.11 to 1.76 ± 0.09, p < 0.05) and LIS (from 3 to 1, p < 0.05), and inflammatory response as determined by leukocyte (from 443 ± 127 to 229 ± 95, p < 0.05), PMNs (from 41.43 ± 17.63 to 2.43 ± 2.61, p < 0.05) and IL-8 (from 95.00 ± 15.28 to 40.00 ± 10.21, p < 0.05) in BALF. Conclusions: Flecanide improve sepsis induced acute lung injury in rats by controlling inflammatory responses.

A Recovery Algorithm based on Minimum Distance Redundant Nodes in Fault Management in WSNs

Song Jia,Wang Bailing,Peng Xiyuan,Li Jianfeng,Zhong Cheng 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.6 No.2

White Tea (Camellia sinenesis (L.)) Ethanol Extracts Attenuate Reserpine-induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice

Jia-Le Song,Yalin Zhou,Xia Feng,Xin Zhao 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

The gastroprotective effect of white tea extract ethanol (WTEE) on reserpine induced gastric ulcers in KM mice was investigated. Gastric juice secretion, the pH of gastric juice, serum neuropeptides, including motilin (MOT), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and somatostatin (SS) levels, and serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ were measured. WTEE dose-dependently reduced reserpine-induced gastric juice secretion and increased the pH of gastric juice. WTEE increased serum levels of VIP and SS and reduced levels of MOT, SP, and inflammatory cytokines in the serum. WTEE modulated gastric expression of occludin and p38 phosphorylation in ulcer-bearing mice. WTEE has a gastroprotective effect against reserpine-induced gastric ulcers in KM mice via reduction of gastric juice secretion, modulation of serum neuropeptide levels, attenuation of serum inflammatory cytokines, and regulation of gastric levels of occludin and p38 phosphorylation.