Clinical Outcome of Modified Cervical Lateral Mass Screw Fixation Technique

Kim, Seong-Hwan,Seo, Won-Deog,Kim, Ki-Hong,Yeo, Hyung-Tae,Choi, Gi-Hwan,Kim, Dae-Hyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2012 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.52 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was 1) to analyze clinically-executed cervical lateral mass screw fixation by the Kim's technique as suggested in the previous morphometric and cadaveric study and 2) to examine various complications and bicortical purchase that are important for b-one fusion. Methods : A retrospective study was done on the charts, operative records, radiographs, and clinical follow up of thirty-nine patients. One hundred and seventy-eight lateral mass screws were analyzed. The spinal nerve injury, violation of the facet joint, vertebral artery injury, and the bicortical purchases were examined at each lateral mass. Results : All thirty-nine patients received instrumentations with poly axial screws and rod systems, in which one hundred and seventy-eight screws in total. No vertebral artery injury or nerve root injury were observed. Sixteen facet joint violations were observed (9.0%). Bicortical purchases were achieved on one hundred and fifty-six (87.6%). Bone fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion : The advantages of the Kim's technique are that it is performed by using given anatomical structures and that the complication rate is as low as those of other known techniques. The Kim's technique can be performed easily and safely without fluoroscopic assistance for the treatment of many cervical diseases.

불순물 첨가 BGO 섬광체 단결정의 육성과 열형광 특성

김성철,김중환,김종일,정중현,도시홍,김기동,이대원 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Eu or Fe doped BGO scintillation crystals were grown by Czochralski method. In order to get information about traps in the grown BGO crystals, we measured trap parameters including activation energy, frequency factor and the kinetic order of thermoluminescence, and compared such parameters with thermoluminescent characteristics of pure BGO scintillation crystals. In addition, optical transmittance of the grown BGO crystals was measured.

A Coupled-Field Analysis of Galloping for Power Transmission Line

Hwan?Seong KIM,Tuong?Long NGUYEN,Gi?Sig BYUN 제어로봇시스템학회 2002 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.10

茂朱 南大川 上流水系 汚染이 本流의 水質에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

金煥基,崔頭炯,韓雄在 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This study was investigated for the pollution load of water quality in the basin of Wondangchon. Total pollution load was measured that BOD was 683.6 ㎏/day, SS was 1,436.184 ㎏/day, T-N was 237.244 ㎏/day, and T-P was 62.078 ㎏/day respectively inthere. Furthermore, it was estimated that BOD is 1,056.863 ㎏/day, SS is 1,840.657 ㎏/day, T-N is 299,922 ㎏/day, and T-P is 74.154 ㎏/day respectively in 2006 year. In case of BOD loading, that by population accounted for 63% of all BOD loading of that, 57% was discharged in M-4 drainage area. However, since tourists have been increasing gradually, that by population was estimated to be analogous to that by tourists in 2006 year. In case of SS loading, that by livestock was bigger than that by population by holding for 49% of all SS loading, and that by tourists was 9.8% now, however, ratio of that by tourists was estimated to be increased up to 25.8% in 2006 year. In case of T-N loading, that from wastewater treatment plant located in M-1 drainage area was the biggest by accounting for 56.2%. In case of T-P loading, that by livestock discharged form M-4 drainage area accounted for 44.3% of all T-P loading, and ratio of both of that by tourists and that from wastewater treatment plant gradually was estimated to be increased From above results, showing yearly change in pollution load of each water quality items is estimated to be increased continuously in every items, and in the influence of the pollution load of each drainage area upon Muju Namdaechon, M-4 drainage area was the biggest by accounting for 45% of total pollution load, and nest was ordered to M-1, M-2, M-3 and polltion load from wastewater treatment plant. The water quality of Namdaechon in Muju influenced by the study area was in the result of BOD 17.7%, SS 13.0%, T-N 28.2% and T-P 22.9%.

천연 제올라이트상에서 암모니움 이온의 흡착평형 및 속도론

김환기,이현석 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

To enhance adsorption capacity of natural zeolite, It was pretreated with acid(HCl), base(NaOH) or neutral salt(NaCl) respectively. It was found that, natural zeolite pretreated with NaCl was superior to the others. With NaCl-treated zeolite, the experiments including adsorption equilibrium and batch experiment were carried out. The adsorption isotherm was using Sips equation based on Langmuir and Freundlich equation. The mass transfer coefficients were determined by comparing experimental and predicted concentration decay curves in a batch adsorber. A simple dynamic model was formulated employing surface diffusion model. The formulated model is based on the surface diffusion model for intraparticle mass transfer and Langmuir equation. In spite of its simplification, it could successfully simulate the adsorption behavior.

하수증의 탈질 반응이 황산염 환원에 미치는 영향

김환기,송호면,김호열 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1998 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

Generally, Sulfate reduction is called as decomposition, and many investigations have been performed to prevent from producing H_2S in our nature owing to improper impact to environment. In this study, the basic experiments were performed to prove the influence of nitrate upon sulfate reduction. Tube-type and sealed-type reactor were used to examine the reactions in the microorganism suspended growth and adhesive. The obtained results from this study were as follows; 1. In the sealed-type reactor, the tendency of denitrification was similar to the basic theory But although denitrification was gone on, sulfate reduction did not happened with denitrification simultaneously. 2. In the tube-type reactor BIO-film gradually was formed in the operation process early. The concentration of nitrate and sulfate was shown to decrease both inside the reactor. 3. Therefore, in the tube-type reactor to prevent production of H_2S, the concentration of nitrate has to be maintained constantly.

생물학적 유동층의 Media 충진량에 따른 미생물 농도 변화

김환기,최두형,박찬수 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1998 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The variation of microbiological concentration with packed volume of media was examined in the biological fludized bed which has swirl flow. The TOC and HRT of synthetic wastewater was kept with 70 ㎎/ℓ and 1.6 hr in the reactor, respectively. The mean grain size of sand as media was 0.397 mm and its volume was packed from 20 % to 60 % in the reactor. The experiment results from the above conditions were the treatment efficiency of 87.5 to 93.7 %, the MLVSS of 2,360 to 3,860 ㎎/ℓ, and the microbiological concentration per g-media of 8.4 to 17.3 ㎎/ℓ. The detailed results are as follows. 1) The continuous operation was possible in the biological fludized bed which has swirl flow, not existing fludized bed. 2) The whole microbiological concentration in the reactor was the highest at packing the media volume of 40 to 45 % and the microbiological concentration per g-media was the highest at packing the media volume of 25 %. In the viewpoint of SS, the best packing volume of media was 35 to 45 % in that the separation of microbes were the lowest. 3) From SEM photographs, it showed as that cocci and bacillus adhere to and grow on the media surface

SBR 반응조에서 슬러지의 침전특성에 관한 연구

김환기,이현기,박상민 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

Generally, in the sewage treatment sedimentation of sludge is very important. In this study SBR reactor sludge and input domestic sewage is used for sedimentation experiment. In the 2m depth, removal rate of domestic sewage is 20min. sedi.- 14.1%, 40min. sedi.- 26.7 %, 60min. sedi.- 34.4%, 90min. sedi.- 38.7%, 120min. sedi.- 40.8%, 150min. sedi.- 49.0%. Moisture content of SBR reactor sludge is over 99.2% and in the 1m 50㎝ depth moisture content is very quickly reduced. In the Sludge volume graph of SBR reactor sludge, because variation quantity of sludge volume is very few, we think proper sedimentation is 60 min.

全州市 大規模 住宅開發이 三川에 미치는 影響

金煥起,李基完,裸悳寬,丁泰燮 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1988 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.3 No.-

A site plan for 16,110 persons and area of 308,569㎡ was planned by Chonju City. This paper is to study the effects of the site development on Sam-cheon. Average water quality of Sam-cheon was BOD_5 46.0㎎/ℓ in Jan. and Feb., which exceeded the class levels of legislated water quality obviously. If the site were developed by plan, amounts of estimated overall sewage, BOD and SS loads to Sam-cheon would be about 2,954 ㎥/day, 702 ㎏ BOD/day and 409 ㎏SS/day respectively. Even if the sewage of developed area is treated through the legislated purification system, BOD concentration of the stream would be 2.2 ㎎/ℓ more than the present by effluent of purification facilities. Therefore, to prevent more degradation of water quality at least, the pollutional regulation of total emission for the stream could be applied to Sam-cheon with a time-limit.

全州市 都市쓰레기의 處理를 위한 基礎硏究

金煥起,李基完,朴種煥 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1989 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse problem of municipal solid waste in Chunju City from various point of view including quantity and character of waste discharged. The findings resulted from this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The amount of solid waste generated from household were 500 tons per day. 2. Value of briquet ash were 44.5% among the generation of household waste. Accordingly, in order to solve the problem of reclamation or raise efficiency in incineration, first of all the wastes collection should be carried out by separation of briquet ash. 3. In order to incinerate the waste it is necessary to be collected waste by separation of waste content waste such as vegetables. 4. The waste of market place generated was suitable for the compostization because of C/N ratio and water content.