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보성산 유기농 녹차의 품질에 따른 카테킨 함량과 항산화능 비교 분석
박경련(Kyung Ryun Park),이상길(Sang Gil Lee),남태규(Tae Gyu Nam),김영준(Young Jun Kim),김영록(Young-Rok Kim),김대옥(Dae-Ok Kim) 한국식품과학회 2009 한국식품과학회지 Vol.41 No.1
유기농 녹차의 등급별 총페놀 함량과 항산화능은 각 추출 용매에 따른 수율을 확인하였을 때 물 추출에 비하여 수용성 유기용매의 추출 수율이 유의적으로 높았다. 유기용매를 이용한 추출수율은 물을 이용할 때 보다 총페놀 함량은 1.5에서 3.2배, 항산화능은 1.8에서 3.8배 정도 높게 나타났다. HPLC 분석을 통하여 총페놀 함량과 항산화능의 상관관계를 비교 시 총페놀 함량이 증가함에 따라 항산화능이 1차 선형관계로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. HPLC분석을 통하여 유기농 녹차에 함유되어 있는 다양한 카테킨의 함량이 채엽시기에 따라 변화가 나타났다. 유기농 녹차의 카테킨 성분 중 가장 많이 존재하는 EGCG가 건조중량당 5.8-7.7%의 함량을 보였고, caffeine은 1.7-2.9%의 함량을 보였다. 유기농 녹차의 카테킨 함량은 일반적으로 채엽 시기가 늦어짐에 따라서 점차 감소하였다. 유기농 녹차의 등급에 따른 항산화능은 최상급인 우전에서 가장 높았으며 최하등급인 엽차에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. HPLC 분석에 의한 유기농 녹차의 등급에 따른 총 카테킨 함량(㎎/g)은 우전(155.4), 세작(147.7), 중작(143.2), 엽차(135.1), 대작(130.5)의 순서로 감소하였다. 이를 통해 녹차의 채엽 시기가 유기농 녹차의 카테킨 성분 및 항산화능에도 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 전반적으로 상급의 유기농 녹차 일수록 총페놀 및 카테킨 함량이 많으며 또한 더 높은 항산화능을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various solvents on extraction of bioactive phenolics and to analyze the antioxidant capacity and contents of individual catechins in various grades of green teas organically grown in Boseong, Korea. The organic green teas, based on their harvest seasons, were categorized into five grades such as Woo-Jeon, Se-Jak, Jung-Jak, Dae-Jak, and coarse tea. Solvents used to extract phenolics from these teas included water at 23℃ and 70℃ as well as 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol and ethanol. In general, aqueous organic solvents of methanol and ethanol led to higher extraction yields of phenolics than water at 23℃ and 70℃. Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of the teas extracted with the aqueous organic solvents were approximately 1.5 to 3.2 and 1.8 to 3.8 times higher than those with water at 23℃ and 70℃, respectively. Coarse tea, the lowest grade of green tea, showed approximately 30-60% lower total phenolics and antioxidant capacity compared with the higher grade ones. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis was performed quantitatively to identify individual catechins, gallic acid, and caffeine in teas extracted with 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol. Based on their dry weights, the organic green teas contained about 1.7 to 2.9% of caffeine. Content (㎎/g dry weight) of tea catechins decreased in the following order: Woo-Jeon (155.4) > Se-Jak (147.7) > Jung-Jak (143.2) > coarse tea (135.1) > Dae-Jak (130.5). (-)-Epigall℃atechin gallate was the most abundant among the catechins analyzed. The highest grade of green tea, Woo-Jeon, had the highest amount of (-)-epigall℃atechin gallate at 77.4 ㎎/g dry weight. Overall, the higher grade of organic green teas tended to have the higher level of antioxidant capacity and catechins.
Anti-inflammatory effects of tectroside on UVB-induced HaCaT cells
KIM, SUNG-BAE,KANG, OK-HWA,JOUNG, DAE-KI,MUN, SU-HYUN,SEO, YUN-SOO,CHA, MI-RAN,RYU, SHI-YONG,SHIN, DONG-WON,KWON, DONG-YEUL Spandidos Publications 2013 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.31 No.6
<P>Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation causes skin damage and inflammation by inducing the secretion of various cytokines, which are immune regulators produced by cells. To prevent skin inflammation, keratinocytes that have been irreversibly damaged by UVB must be eliminated through apoptosis. Ixeris dentata (I.?dentata) (family Asteraceae) is a perennial medicinal herb indigenous to Korea. It is used in Korea, China and Japan to treat indigestion, pneumonia, diabetes, hepatitis, contusions and tumors. Guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the whole extract of I.?dentata. This led to the isolation of the anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone compound tectroside (TES), which was tested on a human keratinocyte cell line. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of TES, we examined its influence on UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) by observing these cells in the presence or absence of TES. In the present study, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis to evaluate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). TES inhibited UVB-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TES inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPKs, suggesting that it inhibits the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 and COX-2 expression by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that TES can potentially protect against UVB-induced skin inflammation.</P>
Analysis of the PTO Torque of a Transplanter by Planting Condition
Kim, Wan Soo,Chung, Sun Ok,Choi, Chang Hyun,Cho, Jong Seung,Choi, Dug Soon,Kim, Young Joo,Lee, Sang Dae,Hong, Soon Jung,Kim, Yong Joo,Koo, Seung Mo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4
Purpose: This study measured and analyzed the PTO (power take off) torque of a transplanter according to the planting conditions during field operation. Methods: A torque measurement system was constructed with torque sensors to measure the torque of a PTO shaft, a measurement device to acquire sensor signals, and a power controller to provide power for a laptop computer. The field operation was conducted at four planting distances (26, 35, 43, and 80 cm) and two planting depths using the transplanter on a field with similar soil conditions. One-way ANOVA with planting distance and Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to analyze the PTO torque. The torque ratio was calculated based on the minimum torque using the average PTO torque measured under each planting condition. Results: The average torques on the PTO shaft for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a low planting depth were 11.05, 9.07, 7.04, and 3.75 Nm, respectively; the same for planting distances of 26, 35, 43, and 80 cm at a middle planting depth were 12.20, 9.86, 7.94, and 4.32 Nm, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at a low planting depth increased by 88, 142, and 195%, respectively. When the planting distance decreased by 43, 35, and 26 cm, the torque ratio at the middle planting depth increased by 84, 128, and 182%, respectively. Conclusions: PTO torque fluctuated by planting distance and depth. Moreover, the PTO torque increased for short planting distances. Therefore, farmers should determine the planting conditions of the transplanter by considering the load and durability of the machine. The results of this study provide useful information pertaining to the optimum PTO design of the transplanter considering the field load.
Effect of high-speed loading conditions on the fracture mode of the BGA solder joint
Kim, Jong-Woong,Jang, Jin-Kyu,Ha, Sang-Ok,Ha, Sang-Su,Kim, Dae-Gon,Jung, Seung-Boo Elsevier 2008 Microelectronics reliability Vol.48 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>High-speed ball shear test was investigated in terms of the effects of two test parameters, shear speed and shear height, with an experimental and computational simulation utilizing 3-dimensional non-linear finite element modeling for evaluating the solder joint integrity of ball grid array (BGA) packages. A representative Pb-free solder alloy, Sn–0.7Cu, was employed in this study. Far greater shear forces were measured by high-speed shear test than by low-speed shear test. The shear force further increased with shear speed mainly due to the high strain-rate sensitivity of the solder alloy. Brittle interfacial fractures can be more easily achieved by high-speed shear test, especially in higher shear speed. These were discussed with the strengthening mechanism of the solder materials by density and mobility of dislocations. Shear force decreased with shear height, and it could be found that excessively high shear heights unfavorably affected the test results leading to unexpectedly high standard deviation values or shear tip sliding from the solder ball surface.</P>
Kim, Jong Min,Park, Chang Hyeon,Park, Seon Kyeong,Seung, Tae Wan,Kang, Jin Yong,Ha, Jeong Su,Lee, Du Sang,Lee, Uk,Kim, Dae-Ok,Heo, Ho Jin American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Divi 2017 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.65 No.13
<P>The ameliorating effects of ginsenoside Re (G Re) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in CS7BL/6 mice were investigated to assess its physiological function. In the results of behavioral tests, G Re improved cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. G Re also significantly recovered hyperglycemia and fasting blood glucose level. In the results of serum analysis, G Re decreased triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHQ), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and :increased the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). G Re regulated acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and oxidized glutathione (GSH)/total GSH by regtilating the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway. These findings suggest that G Re could be used to improve HFD-induced insulin resistance condition by ameliorating hyperglycemia via protecting the cholinergic and antioxidant systems in the mouse brains.</P>