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Won, Ba Da,Jeong, Min Hye,Kim, Myeong Hun,Chung, Chan-Hwa,Moon, Dong Ju,Suh, Young-Woong,Baik, Joon Hyun,Bae, Jong Wook Elsevier 2018 Microporous and mesoporous materials Vol.255 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Effects of the crystalline tungsten carbide (WxC) phases on an ordered mesoporous bimetallic Rh-Mn/WxC, which were prepared by changing carbon source to tungsten (C/W) ratios of the WxC support using a hard-template of an ordered mesoporous SBA-15, were investigated for a direct synthesis of mixed alcohols by CO hydrogenation from syngas. The C/W ratios on the mesoporous Rh-Mn/WxC showed a significantly different catalytic activity, especially on the C<SUB>1</SUB> - C<SUB>3</SUB> alcohol productivity. The Rh-Mn/WxC prepared at C/W molar ratio of 10 having a metastable W<SUB>2</SUB>C main phase (Rh-Mn/WxC(10)) revealed a higher CO conversion of 8.1% and selectivity to higher alcohols of 54.4% compared to other catalysts having a main crystalline phases of WO<SUB>3</SUB> or WC. The enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity to mixed alcohols on the Rh-Mn/WxC(10) were attributed to the largely exposed smaller active Rh nanoparticles with its stronger interactions with the metastable W<SUB>2</SUB>C phases. The superior activity was originated from the intimate interactions of Rh nanoparticles with Mn promoter by maintaining proper oxidation states confirmed by surface ratios of the metallic Rh to oxidized Rh<SUP> <B>n+</B> </SUP> species. The stable preservation of the ordered mesoporous structures of the W<SUB>2</SUB>C phase in the amorphous carbon matrixes significantly altered the chemical states of the small Rh nanoparticles below 2 nm in size by preferentially existing on the outer surfaces of the W<SUB>2</SUB>C support, which resulted in showing an enhanced productivity of higher C<SUB>1</SUB> –C<SUB>3</SUB> alcohols with 171.8 g/(kg<SUB>cat</SUB>·h).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> WxC phases on mesoporous Rh-Mn/WxC changed C<SUB>1</SUB>-C<SUB>3</SUB> alcohol selectivity from direct CO hydrogenation. </LI> <LI> Metastable W<SUB>2</SUB>C phase is beneficial for a higher productivity of mixed alcohols. </LI> <LI> Different oxidation states of strongly interacted small Rh nanoparticles are well correlated with catalytic activity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
CXCR4-STAT3 Axis Plays a Role in Tumor Cell Infiltration in an Orthotopic Mouse Glioblastoma Model
Han, Ji-hun,Yoon, Jeong Seon,Chang, Da-Young,Cho, Kyung Gi,Lim, Jaejoon,Kim, Sung-Soo,Suh-Kim, Haeyoung Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.6
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal malignant tumor that is characterized by diffusive growth of tumor cells into the surrounding brain parenchyma. However, the diffusive nature of GBM and its relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still unknown. Here, we investigated the interactions of GBM with the surrounding microenvironment in orthotopic xenograft animal models using two human glioma cell lines, U87 and LN229. The GBM cells in our model showed different features on the aspects of cell growth rate during their development, dispersive nature of glioma tumor cells along blood vessels, and invasion into the brain parenchyma. Our results indicated that these differences in the two models are in part due to differences in the expression of CXCR4 and STAT3, both of which play an important role in tumor progression. In addition, the GBM shows considerable accumulation of resident microglia and peripheral macrophages, but polarizes differently into tumor-supporting cells. These results suggest that the intrinsic factors of GBM and their interaction with the TME determine the diffusive nature and probably the responsiveness to non-cancer cells in the TME.