중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생의 언어적 상호작용 분석

최경희,박종윤,최병순,남정희,최경순,이기순 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 중학교 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용이 실제로 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 관찰ㆍ분석하여 이에 대한 특징을 추출함으로써 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 수업 분석 준거를 개발하였으며, 8명의 과학 교사의 수업 12차시를 관찰 및 녹화하였으며, 교사와의 면담을 실시하였다. 수업 분석 결과, 관찰한 과학 수업에서 교사와 학생간의 언어적 상호작용은 주로 교사의 단순 확인/기억 질문, 학생의 단답형 응답, 교사의 즉각적 피드백이 주를 이루었다. 교사가 사고 질문을 하고 지연 피드백을 부여 하는 경우 학생들이 자신의 생각을 드러내고 이를 기반으로 사고를 진전시켜 나갈 수 있었으나 이러한 사례는 그 수가 상당히 적었다. 교사들은 학생들의 사고를 유발하고 이를 진전시키기 위한 노력보다는 수업 내용을 논리적 흐름에 맞추어 체계적으로 제시하는 것에 더 큰 중점을 두는 경향이 있었다. 또한 관찰한 수업에서 교사가 시범 실험, 모형 혹은 실물 수업자료 등을 활용할 때 보다 많은 수의 학생들이 적극적으로 수업에 참여하여 자신의 생각을 드러내었으나 교사가 학생들의 생각을 바탕으로 학생들의 사고과정을 진전시켜 나가는 과정을 도모하지 않음으로써 학생들의 사고과정을 단절시키는 경우가 많았다. 따라서 수업 활동과 수업 자료 활용이 효과를 거두기 위해서는 각각의 활용에 있어서 학생들과 구체적으로 어떠한 상호 작용을 형성해야 하는지에 대해 연구가 이루어져야하며, 또한 교사는 교사의 질문이나 피드백이 학생들의 학습에 중요한 역할을 함을 인식해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze verbal interaction between teachers and students in order to collect qualitative data on the characteristics of the interaction to enhance teaching efficacy. Total of 12 classes of eight science teachers were observed and were interviewed. The classes were video taped and all the verbal interactions were transcribed. The transcribed content and interviews were further analyzed to draw any conclusions on the verbal interaction between teachers and students. Analysis criteria for the data on the class and interview were developed based on the literature review and applied to analyze the collected content. The analyzed data showed that verbal interactions composed of confirmation questions for memorization, students' short responses and teacher's immediate feedbacks. The results of the study also suggested that there needs to be further studies on the interactional techniques for teacher in utilizing the class materials and activities. The teachers should acknowledge the importance of the questions and feedbacks of teachers for students to stimulate their sound learning through literatures.

학생들의 학습정도에 따른 화학 반응속도에 관한 개념형성 연구

崔秉舜,金鎭九 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1994 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.4 No.1

이 연구에서는 화학 반응계에서의 반응속도에 관한 학생들의 개념유형과 개념형성이 학습정도에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는가를 조사하기 위하여 일반계 고등학교 3학년생, 일반화학, 물리화학을 학습한 사범계 화학교육전공 대학생을 대상으로 지필검사를 실시하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 대부분의 학생들은 반응이 시작되어 평형상태에 도달하기까지의 방응과정에서 반응속도가 점차 빨라진다는 생각을 가지고 있었다. 또한 여러 변인들의 영향에 의한 반응속도 변화를 예측하는 데 있어서, 르샤틀리에의 원리를 기계적으로 사용하여 반응속도 변화를 잘못 예측하였고, 이러한 현상은 고등학생, 대학생들에게 모두 견고하게 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라, 학습정도의 차이에도 불구하고 개념형성에 큰 차이를 보이지 않아서 한번 형성된 오인은 학습양이 많아도 쉽게 치유되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to find the differences of degree of formation and the patterns of students' conceptions on reaction rates among the 12th grade students and undergrate students of department of chemical education who learned general chemistry and/or physcial chemistry. The method used in this study was the test questionnaire. The results found in this the study were as follows: 1. The most common misconcetion by students was that the rates of reactions increased as the reaction proceeds. 2. When the equilibrium state of the reaction system was disturbed by the change of reaction conditions, it seemed to be difficult for both high school students and college students to predict the reaction rates. The students did try to interpret the reaction rate using the Le Chatelier's principle learned by rote. 3. Students' misconceptions were highly resistant to be changed and there were no differences on degree of formation of scientific concepts in spite of increased level of learning.

화학문제의 요구주의력과 학습자의 기능적 정신용량과의 관계

崔秉舜,金都旭 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1998 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.8 No.1

이 연구에서는 100명의 인문계 고등학생을 대상으로 화학양론과 관련된 문제의 해결에서, 과제의 요구주의력 결정 방법과 학습자의 덩이지식화 정도가 화학문제의 요구주의력과 학습자의 기능적 정신용량과의 관계에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 과제에 포함된 조작스키머 종류의 수를 그 과제의 요구주의력으로 보는 것이 가장 타당함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 학습자의 덩이지식화 정도가 과제의 요구주의력과 학습자의 기능적 정신용량과의 관계에 영향을 미치는 중요한 변인이며, Pascual-Leone의 이론으로부터 가정할 수 있는 임계상황이 나타나지 않는 중요한 이유임을 알 수 있었다. The puprpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the way determining mental demand of the problem and the extent of chunking of the learner on the relations between the mental demand of the problem and mental capacity of the students in solving chemical stoichiometry problems of 11th grade students. It was found that the number of types of operative scheme included in the problem was considered the mental demand of the problem. It was also found that the extent of chunking of the learner was one of the important factors influencing on the relations between the mental demand of the problem and mental capacity of the students in solving chemical stoichiometry problems.

CASE 프로그램에 의한 중학생들의 인지가속 효과

최병순,한효순,강성주,이상권,강순희,박종윤,남정희 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.4

학생들의 인지발달을 촉진시켜 학습효과를 높이려고 개발된 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 조사했다. 중학교 1학년(841명) 학생들이 연구에 참가하였으며, 같은 분량의 시간동안 실험반에서는 교육과정에 따른 과학 교과 수업과 '생각하는 과학' 활동을 병행하였고, 통제반에서는 과학교과 수업만을 수행하였다. 연구 초기에 논리적 사고력 검사(SRT II)를 이용하여 집단의 동질성을 비교하고, 2년 동안 실험반에 CASE프로그램을 처치한 후 이질동형겸사도구인 SRT VII을 이용하여 처치별, 성별, 인지수준별 인지가속에 대한 효과를 조사했다. CASE 프로그램에 의한 중학생들의 인지발달 가속효과는 중간검사에서는 보이지 않았으나, 사후검사에서 상당히 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 성별에 따라 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 비교한 결과 남??여 중학생들 모두에게 유의미한 인지가속이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 남학생들 보다 여학생들의 인지수준이 더 발달된 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 처치와 성별간 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 학생들의 사전 인지수준에 따라 CASE 프로그램의 효과를 분석한 결과, 모든 인지수준에서 처치효과가 뚜렷하게 있었으나 특별한 경향성은 나타나지 않았다. 특히 초기 구체적 조작기(ES=1.1.)와 전조작기(ES=1.07), 그리고 구체적조작 후기(ES=1.01) 학생들에게 상당히 큰 효과가 있었다. 이상과 같은 CASE 프로그램의 성공적인 결과는 현행 우리나라 과학교육과정 개정과 교수방법 개선에 시사하는 바가 많다. In an attempt to accelerate the development of formal reasoning ability of students, 'Thinking Science' activities developed by the Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education(CASE) project were implemented to 841 students in 7th grade aged 12+ in six middle schools over a period of two years. Homogeneity between the CASE group and control group was tested with SRT Ⅱ, while the improvement of formal reasoning ability of the students was tested with SRT Ⅶ. The results were analyzed by treatment, gender, and cognitive levels of the students. Statistically significant gains were shown in the CASE group compared with those in the control group. Cognitive level of girls in the CASE group significantly increased as compared with the control group, while there was moderate effect in boys. These results implied that the thinking science activities were effective in cognitive acceleration of girls aged 12+. It was shown that much more CASE students in pre or concrete operational level shifted. to formal operational level as compared with the control group while there were significant effects in all levels (ES=0.31∼1.10) without showing any tendency.

밀도의 개념 변화에 미치는 순환학습의 효과

최병순,홍순경 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1991 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Learning Cycle approach to change the concept of density. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Students already had various types of preconception related to density before formal learning. These preconceptions mostly differ from scientific concepts. 2) Male students were much better than female ones in the development of scientific concepts before formal learning. These differences were found statistically significant(P<0.01). 3) The higher the cognitive level of the students, the better the development of scientific concepts. 4) In the change of preconceptions to scientific concepts by treatment, there was significant difference between control group and experimental group at the 0.05 level. It was found that Learning Cycle approaches were more effective than traditional approaches in acquiring the concept of density. 5) It was found that there was no significant difference on the retention level of the concept of density between control group and experimental group.

치아우식증 수복용 복합레진의 개발과 치아 적합성에 관한 연구 제 3 편 : 각종 용액내에서의 표면경도 변화와 세포독성에 관한 연구

최유진,조한국,민병순 大韓齒科器材學會 1992 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This studies were planned to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cured experimental composite resin using a cell culture method, and the hardness changes of it stored in various aqueous acids and ethanol with considerations that solubility of resin surfaces will occure the decrease of hardness should be related with toxicity occured by elucited components. Cytotoxicity of experimental resins were tested by agar overlay methods, and some solutions in which disc type resin specimens will be stored were prepared by dilution of ethanol or acids into distilled water. The microhardness of experimental and commercial dental restorative composite materials exposed to various chemicals were measured with micro Vicker's hardness tester. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. KCR-22, experimental composite resins prepared in this study exhibited the same degree of cytotoxicity with commercial products. 2. The intensity of cytotoxicity decreased after incorporation of filler to BIS-GMA based resins. 3. The hardness numbers decreased dramatically once the composite had been immersed in ethanol solutions, however any of acidic solutions did not show the decrease of VHN. 4. The incorporation of fillers to BIS-GMA based resins which showed the double increased VHN than unfilled resins. 5. Surface hardness were increased rapidly in saline compared to it in air.

진폐소견의 판독에 영향을 미치는 요인

최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

To find the factors affecting reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings of simple chest P-A films and to develop the definite quality assurance (Q.A) program for the reading of pneumoconiosis, I gathered the reading reports of the previously developed forty four chest films from nationwide thirty nine radiologists and compared those with the findings decided by the stepwise panel readings of the highly qualified eight radiologists. The reading agreement of profusion by complete of short classification was higher in the radiologists with sufficient reading experiences of pneumoconiosis during residency training. It was also higher in the radiologists with reference to ILO standard films or those working in the agencies for pneumoconiosis within one category of profusion by complete classification. Other factors were not related with the reading agreement of profusion. In small opacity and pleural thickening, there were not any consistent and meaningful findings between the reading agreement and radiologists' characteristics. From the above results, it is necessary to develop the Q.A program to improve the reading agreement of pneumoconiotic findings, especially small opacity and pleural lesions.

증발과 응결에 대한 국민 학생들의 개념 조사

최병순,김효남,강순희,신인철 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the conception of elementary school students on evaporation and condensation, and then to verify the types of the conception. Forty-eight children from six elementary schools were sampled by stratified random sampling in Seoul and other provinces. They responded to the questionaire and the interview. This study was carried out according to the process of the basic study, the preliminary study, and the main study. The materials collected were classified and analyzed according to the types of children's ideas. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The vocabulary used to describe the evaporation phenomena varied according to the situations, and the scientific term "evaporation" was more frequently used by the older groups. 2. Most children answered that the last location of water were air/sky/cloud. Air/cloud which represents the scientific conception of the location of water were mentioned by children of all ages. The higher the grade of the children were, the more scientific conception the children mentioned, however. 3. Most children referred to the heat as the factor of evaporation. Wind, on the other hand was mentioned by less than 10% of lower graders, and by about 30% of higher graders. 4. The result of asking children whether they thought it was possible to get the evaporated water back showed that about 70% of lower graders denied the possibility of the water being reversible. About 60% of higher graders, however, recognized that the water will be returned as rain or condensation. This increase may be associated with formal teaching of water cycle. 5. In the ideas of evaporation and condensation, some of the children have supernatural ideas and animism, which are most younger chilren's characteristics.

Microabrasive로 처리한 상아질표면에 대한 복합레진의 결합강도에 관한 연구

최경규,민병순 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.1

Langmuir-Blodgett 초박막의 전기적 특성

최병호,김성진,정순욱 金烏工科大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Ultrathin film of 100Å-order is fabricated by Langmuir-Blodgett technique. By measure of UV-vis spectra and capacitance, deposition status was confirmed together with the thickness of natural oxidized aluminum film inside a device and dielectric constant of (N-docosyl pyridinium)-TCNQ(1:2) complex. The conductivity of this film measured by the direction of either vertical or horizontal axis is results in a quite different value.