A 12-MHz CW RFQ for the AEBL Project

D. L. Schrage,P. N. Ostroumov,A. Barcikowski,D. Fallin,A. A. Kolomiets 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.3

The Advanced Exotic Beam Laboratory (AEBL) at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) will provide a research facility for studies of nuclear phenomena by using beams of short-lived isotopes for research on the nature of nucleonic matter and the origin of the elements, for tests of the Standard Model, for applications in medicine and industry, and for other applied physics research. The proposed design of the AEBL driver linac evolved from the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) project. The AEBL will be a CW linac capable of accelerating uranium ions up to 200 MeV/u and protons to 580 MeV with 400 kW beam power. The AEBL facility also includes a post-accelerator which is designed for acceleration of radioactive ions with charge-to-mass ratios in the range from 1/238 to 1/6. Very low charge-state ions can be most eciently bunched and accelerated by using normally-conducting radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) for the rst few MV of the post accelerator. A two-meter long, 12-MHz CW RFQ was designed, built, and tested in the late 1990s as the rst section of a three-section RFQ [18]. This RFQ achieved inter-electrode voltages of 110 kV CW (the peak surface eld was 15 MV/m) and accelerated beams with A/q as large as 132 (132Xe). The AEBL requires a similar RFQ for the post-acceleration of singly-charged unstable nuclides. Our plan is to replace the vanes of this RFQ with a design that incorporates a stronger focusing and that will achieve a higher peak surface eld (16 MV/m) at 82.2-kV inter-vane voltage. The objectives of this project are 1. to conrm the possibility of a low injection energy of 0.4 keV/u which signicantly reduces the voltage required for a high-voltage deck; 2. to test the highest possible peak surface eld on the RFQ electrodes designed for the lowest frequency of 12 MHz compared to existing RFQs worldwide; 3. to provide a technical base for the design of a post-accelerator for the future Advanced Exotic Beam Facility. At the present time, the design is complete, and the fabrication of the 12 MHz RFQ is scheduled to commence in October 2007 with testing planned in 2008. The physics and engineering design of the RFQ is discussed. The Advanced Exotic Beam Laboratory (AEBL) at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) will provide a research facility for studies of nuclear phenomena by using beams of short-lived isotopes for research on the nature of nucleonic matter and the origin of the elements, for tests of the Standard Model, for applications in medicine and industry, and for other applied physics research. The proposed design of the AEBL driver linac evolved from the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) project. The AEBL will be a CW linac capable of accelerating uranium ions up to 200 MeV/u and protons to 580 MeV with 400 kW beam power. The AEBL facility also includes a post-accelerator which is designed for acceleration of radioactive ions with charge-to-mass ratios in the range from 1/238 to 1/6. Very low charge-state ions can be most eciently bunched and accelerated by using normally-conducting radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) for the rst few MV of the post accelerator. A two-meter long, 12-MHz CW RFQ was designed, built, and tested in the late 1990s as the rst section of a three-section RFQ [18]. This RFQ achieved inter-electrode voltages of 110 kV CW (the peak surface eld was 15 MV/m) and accelerated beams with A/q as large as 132 (132Xe). The AEBL requires a similar RFQ for the post-acceleration of singly-charged unstable nuclides. Our plan is to replace the vanes of this RFQ with a design that incorporates a stronger focusing and that will achieve a higher peak surface eld (16 MV/m) at 82.2-kV inter-vane voltage. The objectives of this project are 1. to conrm the possibility of a low injection energy of 0.4 keV/u which signicantly reduces the voltage required for a high-voltage deck; 2. to test the highest possible peak surface eld on the RFQ electrodes designed for the lowest frequency of 12 MHz compared to existing RFQs worldwide; 3. to provide a technical base for the design of a post-accelerator for the future Advanced Exotic Beam Facility. At the present time, the design is complete, and the fabrication of the 12 MHz RFQ is scheduled to commence in October 2007 with testing planned in 2008. The physics and engineering design of the RFQ is discussed.

A miniaturized electromagnetic vibration energy harvester using flux-guided magnet stacks for human-body-induced motion

Halim, Miah A.,Cho, Hyunok,Salauddin, Md.,Park, Jae Y. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Sensors and actuators A. Physical Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We present a miniaturized electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) that uses two flux-guided magnet stacks to harvest energy from common human-body-induced motions such as hand-shaking, walking, and slow running. We designed each magnet stack to increase the flux density within a given size of the harvester component, by guiding the flux lines through soft magnetic material and designed the miniaturized EMEH to up-convert the low-frequency vibration generated by human-body-induced motion to a high-frequency vibration by mechanical impact of a spring-less structure. Our use of a spring-less structure eliminates the challenges of designing a practical and reliable low-frequency (<5Hz) oscillator. Our low-frequency oscillator couples the human-body-induced vibration to two high-frequency oscillators (electromagnetic transducer elements). Each high-frequency oscillator consists of the analyzed 2-magnet stack and customized helical compression spring. We fabricated a standard AAA battery sized prototype (3.9cm<SUP>3</SUP>) and tested it with different human activities. We were able to generate a maximum 203μW, 32μW, and 78μW average power from hand-shaking, walking, and slow running motion, respectively. This miniaturized structure yields a maximum average power density of 52μWcm<SUP>−3</SUP>. We used a rectifier and multiplier circuit as the interface between the harvester and a wearable electronic load (wrist watch) to demonstrate the feasibility and capability of powering small-scale electronic systems from human-body vibration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A human-motion driven miniaturized EM energy harvester using flux-guided magnet stacks. </LI> <LI> Flux-guided magnet stack increases the power density more than three times. </LI> <LI> Capable of driving wearable electronics through efficient power conditioning circuitry. </LI> </UL> </P>

Upper edge-to-vertex detour monophonic number of a graph

A. P. Santhakumaran,P. Titus,K. Ganesamoorthy 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.2

For a connected graph G = (V,E) of order at least three, the monophonic distance dm(u, v) is the length of a longest u−v monophonic path in G. A u − v path of length dm(u, v) is called a u − v detour monophonic. For subsets A and B of V , the monophonic distance dm(A,B) is defined as dm(A,B) = min{dm(x, y) : x ∈ A, y ∈ B}. A u−v path of length dm(A, B) is called an A−B detour monophonic path joining the sets A,B ⊆ V, where u ∈ A and v ∈ B. A set S ⊆ E is called an edge-to-vertex detour monophonic set of G if every vertex of G is incident with an edge of S or lies on a detour monophonic path joining a pair of edges of S. The edge-to-vertex detour monophonic number dmev(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of its edge-to-vertex detour monophonic sets and any edge-to-vertex detour monophonic set of car- dinality dmev(G) is an edge-to-vertex detour monophonic basis of G. An edge-to-vertex detour monophonic set S in a connected graph G is called a minimal edge-to-vertex detour monophonic set of G if no proper subset of S is an edge-to-vertex detour monophonic set of G. The upper edge-to-vertex detour monophonic number dm+ ev(G) of G is the maxi- mum cardinality of a minimal edge-to-vertex detour monophonic set of G. We determine bounds for it and certain general properties of these concepts are studied. It is shown that for every pair a, b of integers with 2 ≤ a ≤ b, there exists a connected graph G with dmev(G) = a and dm+ ev(G) = b.

간호대생과 의대생의 간호사 이미지 비교

구민진,김수영,방정민,서아영,양희진,윤소람,이윤재,이재은,이지연,정윤경,최수정 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2014 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.48

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the difference in the perception that nursing students and medical students have regarding the image of nurses. Method: The sampling group for this study was made up of 111 nursing students and 117 medicine students, conducted from the 19th August 2013 to 3rd September 2013. The tool used for this study is the “Nurse Image Scale”. The data is analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program, technical stats, t-test and ANOVA with Scheffe test. Result: There was a notable difference in the results(t=6.94, p<001), with the average image perception score of nurses at 3.84±0.34 amongst nursing students being higher than the 3.50±0.38 amongst Medicine students. The average score of the 4 areas tested, “Qualification of a Nurse”, “Role of a Nurse”, “Social Participation of a Nurse” and “Interpersonal Skills of a Nurse” were all marked higher by the nursing students than the medicine students. The average score became notably higher as the period of practice became shorter with nursing students (F=4.21, p=.043). Furthermore, the average score for the “Qualification of a Nurse” was notably higher as the period of practice became shorter (F=3.98, p=.049). Medical students gave an average score for the “Qualification of a Nurse”(F=3.72, p=.027) and the “Interpersonal Skills of a Nurse”(F=4.11, p=.019) which was relative to the development of a nurse’s image, while the average score for the “Role of a Nurse” was notably higher with a longer period of practice(F=6.65, p=.011). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the image perception of a nurse can vary depending on the experience in period of practice. Therefore, together with this study conducted with nursing students and medicine students, there is a need for further studies conducted on image perception of nurses with various experience in period of practice.

On the edge -to -vertex detour number of a graph

A.P. Santhakumaran 장전수학회 2014 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.24 No.3

For two vertices u and v in a graph G=(V,E), The detour distance D(u,v) s the length of a longest, u-v path in G. A u-v path of length D(u,v) is called a u-v detour. For subsets A and B of V, the detour distance D(A,B) is defined as D(A,B)=(formula). A u-v path of length D(A,B) is called an A-B detour joining the sets A, B⊆V where u∈B. A vertex x is said to lie on an A-B detour is a vertex of A-B detour. A set S⊆E is called an detour joining a pair of edges of S. The edge-to-vertex detour number dn2(G) OF G is the minimum order of its edge-to-vertex detour sets and any edge-to-vertex detour set of order dn2(G) is an edge-to-vertex detour basis of G. Graphs G of size q for which dn2(G) = q or dn2(G) = q-1 or dn2(G) = q-2 are characterized.

A novel mode of TRPML3 regulation by extracytosolic pH absent in the varitint-waddler phenotype

Kim, Hyun Jin,Li, Qin,Tjon-Kon-Sang, Sandra,So, Insuk,Kiselyov, Kirill,Soyombo, Abigail A,Muallem, Shmuel Wiley (John WileySons) 2008 The EMBO journal Vol.27 No.8

<P>TRPML3 belongs to the TRPML subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The A419P mutation in TRPML3 causes the varitint-waddler phenotype as a result of gain-of-function mutation (GOF). Regulation of the channels and the mechanism by which the A419P mutation leads to GOF are not known. We report here that TRPML3 is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel with a unique form of regulation by extracytosolic (luminal) H(+) (H(+)(e-cyto)). Regulation by H(+)(e-cyto) is mediated by a string of three histidines (H252, H273, H283) in the large extracytosolic loop between transmembrane domains (TMD) 1 and 2. Each of the histidines has a unique role, whereby H252 and H273 retard access of H(+)(e-cyto) to the inhibitory H283. Notably, the H283A mutation has the same phenotype as A419P and locks the channel in an open state, whereas the H283R mutation inactivates the channel. Accordingly, A419P eliminates regulation of TRPML3 by H(+)(e-cyto), and confers full activation to TRPML3(H283R). Activation of TRPML3 and regulation by H(+)(e-cyto) are altered by both the alpha-helix-destabilizing A419G and the alpha-helix-favouring A419M and A419K. These findings suggest that regulation of TRPML3 by H(+)(e-cyto) is due to an effect of the large extracytosolic loop on the orientation of fifth TMD and thus pore opening and show that the GOF of TRPML3(A419P) is due to disruption of this communication.</P>

Temperature dependent structure formation and photoluminescence studies of a series of magnesium-based coordination networks

Calderone, P.J.,Banerjee, D.,Plonka, A.M.,Kim, S.J.,Parise, J.B. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2013 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.394 No.-

A series of three magnesium trimesate coordination networks was synthesized from identical reaction mixtures by varying synthetic temperature. Mg(HBTC)(DMF)<SUB>2</SUB>.[(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH] (1; BTC=trimesate; space group P6<SUB>3</SUB>/m, a=16.596(4)A, c=14.351(8)A) crystallizes at 65<SUP>o</SUP>C, Mg<SUB>3</SUB>(BTC)(HCOO)<SUB>3</SUB>(DMF)<SUB>3</SUB> (2; space group P@?3, a=13.928(2)A, c=8.025(6)A) crystallizes at 100<SUP>o</SUP>C, and Mg<SUB>3</SUB>(BTC)<SUB>2</SUB>(DMF)<SUB>4</SUB> (3; space group P2<SUB>1</SUB>/c, a=17.490(4)A, b=11.940(2)A, c=18.460(4)A, β=116.87(3)<SUP>o</SUP>) crystallizes at a temperature of 180<SUP>o</SUP>C. Each network contains metal-coordinated solvent DMF molecules, but thermodynamics and solvent hydrolysis play major roles in structure formation. Compounds 1 and 2 are two-dimensional networks which incorporate hydrolysis byproducts. Compound 3 is a three-dimensional network and shows no inclusion of byproducts. The series follows the trend of increased network connectivity resulting from increased temperature. Each of the networks show a weak photoluminescence response, suggesting that coordinated solvent molecules and interlayer species play a role in quenching photoluminescence.

Development of Sensitive Analytical Method of Rhodanthpyrone A by a LC-MS/MS and its Application to Bioavailability Study in Rats

Kang, Bitna,Yoon, Jeong A,Song, Im-Sook,Han, Young Taek,Choi, Min-Koo Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.10 No.3

A sensitive analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma was developed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rhodanthpyrone A and rhodanthpyrone B (internal standard) in rat plasma were extracted by a liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate. This extraction method gave results in high and reproducible extraction recovery in the range of 73.75-79.90% with no interfering peaks around the peak elution time of rhodanthpyrone A and B. The standard calibration curves for rhodanthpyrone A ranged from 0.5 to 2000 ng/mL were linear with $r^2$ > 0.994 and the inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision and the stability were within acceptance criteria. Using this validated analytical method, pharmacokinetics of rhodanthpyrone A following intravenous and oral administration of rhodanthpyrone A at doses of 2 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, were investigated. Rhodanthpyrone A in rat plasma showed multi-exponential elimination pattern with high clearance and volume of distribution values. The absolute oral bioavailability of this compound was calculated as 3.7%. Collectively, the newly developed sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method of rhodanthpyrone A could be successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and would be useful for the further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of rhodanthpyrone A.

Effect of Mandatory Radiology Consultation on Inpatient Imaging Use : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Bree, Robert L.,Kazerooni, Ella A.,Katz, Steven J. MediMedia Korea 1997 JAMA-Korea Vol.12 No.2

초등학교 축구선수의 성격타입(A/B), 정신력과 운동몰입의 구조적 관계

김인수(Kim In-Soo),최정아(Choi Jeang-a) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

이 연구는 초등학교 축구선수의 A/B 타입 성격과 정신력, 운동몰입 간에 어떤 인과관계가 있는지를 밝힘으로써 초등학교 축구선수의 경기력 향상에 도움을 주고자 수행되었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 G광역시와 J도에 소재한 초등학교 축구선수로 등록된 236명과 중학교 축구 선수 110명을 대상으로 A/B 타입 성격척도, 정신력 척도, 운동몰입척도를 사용하여 집단 간 t-test 및 공변량 구조분석을 실시하였다. 변인 간의 구조적 관계분석을 위해 A/B 타입 성격을 외생변인으로 하고, 정신력과 운동몰입을 내생변인으로 한 구조모델을 설정하고 검증하였으며 그 결과 첫째, A/B 타입 성격 간 비교에서A 타입 성격소유자가 B타입 성격소유자에 비해 정신력과 운동몰입이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 입상경력유무집단 간 비교에서 입상경력이 있는 선수는 그렇지 못한 선수에 비해 A 타입 성격, 정신력, 운동몰입이 높았다. 초등학교 축구선수와 중학교 축구선수 간 비교에서는 성격타입, 정신력, 운동몰입에 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 변인 간 상관분석을 실기한 결과 A/B 타입 성격, 정신력, 운동몰입 간에는 서로 유의한(p<.01) 상관이 있었다. 셋째, 변인 간 구조관계를 분석한 결과 완전매개모형이 적합한 것으로 나타났고, A/B 타입 성격을 외생변인으로 하고 정신력과 운동몰입을 내생변인으로 한 구조모형은 이론모델로서 양호한 것으로 나타났으며(χ2=20.13, df=7, Q=2.88, RMR=.01, GFI=.97, TLI=.94, NFI=.96, CFI=.97, RMSEA=.08) 세부 구조경로에서는 A/B타입 성격 → 정신력, 정신력 → 운동몰입의 경로가 유의한(p<.01) 것으로 나타났다. 이를 요약하면 초등학교 축구선수의 경우 A타입 성격 성향이 강할수록 정신력과 운동몰입 수준이 높으며 지방대회 3위 이상의 입상경력을 가진 선수는 그렇지 않는 선수에 비해 A 타입 성격 성향이 강하고, 정신력과 운동몰입 수준이 높다. 또한, A/B 성격 성향은 정신력과 밀접한 관련이 있으며 정신력은 운동몰입과 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 초등학교 축구선수의 운동몰입 수준을 증가시키기 위해서는 정신력의 강화가 필요함을 제시해 주고 있다. Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to define structural relation among A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness, and sport commitment of elementary school soccer players. Methods: This study set up a structural relation model which was composed of exogenous variables as A/B type behavior pattern and endogenous variables were mental toughness, and sport commitment of soccer players. The participants were 236 elementary school and 110 middle school soccer players who lived in G city and J province. This study used A/B type behavior pattern scale, Mental toughness scale and commitment scale. Results: In analysis of t-test, A type players show higher mental toughness and sport commitment than those of B type. The players who had experienced more 3rd place in province soccer competition show higher A type behavior pattern, mental toughness, and behavioral commitment than those of the others. There were no differences between elementary school players and middle school players in A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness and sport commitment. In analysis of correlation, there were significant relations between A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness and sport commitment. In analysis structure equation, this model can be used as theoretical model because general indexes were proved(χ2=20.13, df=7, Q=2.88, RMR=.01, GFI=.97, TLI=.94, NFI=.96, CFI=.97, RMSEA=.08). In analysis details index, there were significant paths of A/B type behavior pattern → mental toughness, mental toughness → sport commitment. Conclusion: In this study define there are causal relationships among A/B type behavior pattern, mental toughness and sport commitment. To approve sport commitment of elementary school soccer players, players kept up A type behavior pattern and make strong mental toughness.