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이상은,안현진,윤승길,김석민,정광용,Lee, Sang-Eun,Ahn, Hyun-Jin,Youn, Seung-Kil,Kim, Seak-Min,Jung, Kwang-Young 한국토양비료학회 2000 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.33 No.2
음식물쓰레기 퇴비 시용이 담수 조건의 벼 생육과 수량, 체내 양이온 균형 및 토양의 Na 집적 등에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 폿트 실험을 하였다. 처리로는 무처리, NPK, NPK에 NaCl을 3수준(300, 600, $900kgha^{-1}$)으로 시용한 처리, 음식물쓰레기 퇴비와 돈분발효 퇴비를 각각 3수준(30, 60, $90Mgha^{-1}$)으로 한 처리 등을 두었다. 음식물쓰레기 퇴비는 $Na_2O$ 함량이 2.2%로 높았다. 이앙 직후 활착기간 중 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 $40Mgha^{-1}$ > NPK+NaCl $900kgha^{-1}$ > 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 $20Mgha^{-1}$ 순으로 심한 위조 현상을 보였으며, 그 원인으로 판단되는 토양용액 중의 EC와 유기산 함량이 음식물쓰레기 되비 $40Mgha^{-1}$ 처리에서 매우 높았다. NaCl을 $900kgha^{-1}$까지 시용하여도 대조구인 NPK구에 비하여 유의성 있는 수확기 건물중의 감소가 일어나지 않았다. 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 시용은 시용량에 관계없이 수확기 건물중을 감소시킨 반면, 돈분발효퇴비는 $40Mgha^{-1}$까지 시용량이 증가될수록 건물중을 증가시켰다. NPK + NaCl처리들과 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 처리들에서 Na 시용량이 증가될수록 수확기 식물체 중 Na 함량이 직선적으로 증가되었다. Na 당량비도 Na 함량과 같은 경향이었으며, Na 당량비와 K 당량비 사이에는 고도의 유의성있는 부의 상관관계를 보였다. Na와 K의 당량비 및 Na/K 당량비 비율은 처리간 편차가 매우 컸던 반면, Na+K 당량비 합은 편차가 적어 상당부분 Na의 K에 대한 생리적 대체가 인정되었다. Na 이용률은 NaCl과 음식물쓰레기 퇴비 처리들에서 12~22%를 나타내었다. High sodium contents in food-waste compost(FWC) is the greatest limitation to recycle it to arable lands in Korea. The effects of the FWC application to paddy soil on the growth of rice plants, cationic balance in plants, and the sodicity of soil have been studied in pot trials. The effects of FWC application were compared with those of NaCl compound and swine manure compost(SMC) application. $Na_2O$ contents of FWC were high as 2.2%. Immediately after transplanting, rice plants in three treatments showed severe wilting in the order of 40Mg FWC $ha^{-1}$ > NPK+900kg $NaClha^{-1}$ > 20Mg FWC $ha^{-1}$. The high EC value and volatile acid contents of soil solution were regarded as the cause of severe wilting of young rice plants. Increase of NaCl application rate upto $900kgha^{-1}$ showed no significant reduction of dry matter yield at harvesting stage. Regardless of application rates FWC reduced the dry matter yield at harvesting stage, while SMC increased it with increase of application rates upto $40Mgha^{-1}$. In NPK+NaCl and FWC treatments, Na contents and equivalent ratio in plants increased linearly with increase of Na application rates. Between Na and K equivalent ratio negative correlation with high significance was shown. In contrast to much difference of Na, K, and Na/K equivalent ratio among treatments, little difference of Na+K indicated the physiological substitution of Na for K in rice plants. Na use efficiency in NPK+NaCl and FWC treatments showed 12-22%.
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유동인구 밀집지역 인근의 도로구간별 배출량 산정 및 보행자 노출 강도 평가
이상은,신명환,이석주,홍다희,장동익,길지훈,정택호,이태우,홍유덕,Lee, Sangeun,Shin, Myunghwan,Lee, Seokjoo,Hong, Dahee,Jang, Dongik,Keel, Jihoon,Jung, Taekho,Lee, Taewoo,Hong, Youdeog 한국액체미립화학회 2018 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.23 No.2
The objective of this study is to estimate the level of exposure of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) on the pedestrians in Seoul area. The road network's link-based pollutant emission was calculated by using a set of mobile source emission factor package and associated activity information. The population information, which is the number of pedestrian, was analyzed in conjunction with the link-based traffic emissions in order to quantify exposure level by selected 23 spots. We proposed the Exposure Intensity, which is defined by the amount of traffic emission and the population, to quantify the probability of exposure of pedestrian. Link-based traffic NOx and PM emissions vary by up to four times depending on the location of each spot. The Hot-spots is estimated to be around 1.8 times higher Exposure Intensity than the average of the 23 selected spots. The information of Exposure Intensity of each spot allows us to develop localized policies for air quality and health. Even in the same area, the Exposure Intensity over time also shows a large fluctuation, which gives suggestions for establishing site-specific counter-measures.
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이상은,Lee, Sang-Eun 한국상하수도협회 1997 水道 Vol.24 No.5
As sewerage works has become one of the major public works in Korea, the employment of advanced and more appropriate sewerage technology has become essential to improve the efficiency of sewerage works. During last 10 years, the Korean Government has made tremendous amount of investment on sewerage works so that treatment plants in 58 cities have treatment capacity which is equivalent to 52.8% of total daily sewage generation in Korea. This remarkable development, however, has heavily depended on one technology, the conventional activated sludge process as more than 95% of the existing plants employ this process, Recently, the Korean Government and local authorities have plans to introduce more appropriate sewage treatment technologies and research and development in this area has become very active. To encourage employing new and appropriate technologies, however, the proper technology evaluation and verification program for new process is needed. The public sector should play a key role in this program since the sewerage works is one of the major public works. In this paper, the technology evaluation and verification programs related with sewerage facilities in the US and Japan are briefly reviewed. The Innovatived and Alternative Technology programs which was operated by US EPA until recently and Environmental Technology Verification(ETV) program which was commenced in 1995 are introduced. The technology verification programs operated in Japan and also in Korea are also reviewed in this paper to propose a future direction for development of the appropriate evaluation and verification system.
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총담관 결찰후 집토끼 십이지장내 Enterochromaffin Cell의 미세구조적 변화
이상은,고정식,양남길,안의태,박경호,Lee, Sang-Eun,Ko, Jeong-Sik,Yang, Nam-Gil,Ahn, E-Tay,Park, Kyung-Ho 한국현미경학회 1990 Applied microscopy Vol.20 No.1
This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the enterochromaffin cells in the duodenal mucosa of rabbit following bile duct ligation. Adult male rabbits were divided into normal, sham operation and experimental groups. Bile duct ligation was performed under ether anesthesia and animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day after operation. Mucosal specimens from the duodenum were prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), followed by postfixation with 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded within araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB-V ultratome, and observed under a JEM 100CX II electron miroscope. The results were as follow; 1. Irregularities of the nuclei of the enterochromaffin cells were noticed from the 1st day after bile duct ligation, and concentration of the chromatin in the nucleus was more frequently observed on the 7th and the 14th day. 2. The granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of the enterochromaffin cell were more developed than those of the normal on the 1st day after bile duct ligation, but they showed poor organization from the 3rd day. 3. Amount of the microfilaments in the enterochromaffin cell was significantly increased from the 5th day after bile duct ligation and they were more frequently observed in the vicinity of the nucleus. 4. Vacuoles with various electron densities in the enterochromaffin cell were increased in number from the 3rd day after bile duct ligation. 5. Glycogen-like particles in the enterochromaffin cell were frequently observed on the 3rd and the 5th day after bile duct ligation. 6. In the early stage of the ligation of bile duct, in the enterochromaffin cells, well developed intracellular organelles, such as granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were pronounced. But, in the later stage, the cells contained poor organelles, with the some structural sign of necrotic change.
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