東北亞 軍縮論

李鐵基(이철기) 한국전략문제연구소 1993 KRIS 총서 Vol.- No.-

近代 中國 경제체제 변동이 사회구조에 끼친 영향

이철원(李哲源)(Lee, Chul-won) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2012 역사문화연구 Vol.42 No.-

洋務運動시기의 경제체제변화는 생산양식의 전화를 의미한다. 즉 봉건주의 소농경제와 수공업의 공업체제에서 자본주의 기계제공장기업의 등장으로 대량생산이 도입되는 과정이었다. 이처럼 자본주의 생산양식의 전화는 궁극적으로 봉건주의 전제정치와 봉건경제체제의 와해를 전제로 시작되었으며 양무운동의 초기 지향점이자 관심사였던 봉건통치질서인 정치체제의 와해를 가져왔다. 동시에 이들 체제수호자들의 이념적 기반이었던 中體西用의 이데올로기적 근본조차 전환 하였다. 즉 그들이 지키고자했던 體로서의 중국적 이념은 用으로서의 서양의 모든 생산양식과 정치체제 및 이데올로기로 인하여 철저하게 와해되었으며 이로 인한 사회문화적 영역에서의 전환도 어쩔 수 없이 수용하게 되는 결과를 가져왔다. 경제구조의 변동은 필연적으로 자본주의 특색을 지닌 상태로 전환되었으며 이에 따른 사회문화영역의 불균형--도시와 농촌의 지역적 불균형과 서양의 접촉이 많은 지역의 거대한 변화와 그렇지 못한 지역의 불변성--이 유지되는 상황으로 중국의 근대사는 진행되었다. 특히 초기 진행된 자본주의 생산양식의 군수산업분야에서 근대적 공업화는 기타 다른 경제영역으로 확장되었으며 그 영향으로 중국의 근대도시화와 사회문화구조에도 심각한 변동을 촉진하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 양무운동으로 시작된 경제체제의 변화가 근대 중국의 사회문화구조의 분화를 통하여 나타낸 과정은 총체적 역사발전의 순응이었다는 점이다. 이후 역사에서 비록 완전한 발전을 이룩하지는 못하였지만 중국의 근대 자본주의라는 방향으로 진전되는 과정에서 반식민지화로의 진행을 지연시켰으며 민족자본주의의 발전을 양성한 진보적 노력이었다고 평가한다. The aim of the Restoration, T'ung-chich period Self-strengthening was the revival of Confucion values and institutions, but so modified that they might endure. There was within the accepted tradition such a wealth of diverse ideas about how to reach traditional goals that changes in method of government were possible, on the basis of precedent, within the bounds of orthodoxy. The doctrine of change dated from the formative period of Chinese civilization and was at hand to sanction reform throughout the course of Chinese history. During the Restoration the doctrine, in its classic formulation from the Book of Changes, was cited repeatedly in memorials advocating reform : "When a series of changes has run all its course, another change ensues. When it obtains free course, it will continue long." The hope of Restoration was centered on the traditional concept of change; for the ideas and institutions that had two thousand years proved conductive to stability, together with a doctrine of change that had lent flexibility, gave "some ground for trusting that the regeneration of China will be accomplished, like the operation of leaven in meal, without shivering the vessel."

동북아 HUB 구현을 위한 물류산업 발전 방향

이철,Lee, Cheol 한국물류협회 2006 물류 Vol.2 No.15

"2015년까지 약21조원을 투입하여 전국을 U자형의 철도망을 구축하겠다." 한국철도공사 이철 사장은 지난 6월 24일 한국물류협회가 주관한 물류 CEO 조찬회에서 이와같이 말했다. 또한, "앞으로 TSR~TCR을 연결하여 동북아 주요국가들을 잇는 간선교통망 역할을 수행할 것"이라고 말했다. 이에 이날 이철 사장이 발표한 내용을 요약 정리한다.

제주지역 기후특성 및 기후변화 경향 조사 · 분석

이철,강동훈,서민아,이철원,선지홍 한국기상학회 2018 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

한반도 군비통제 및 군축 : 각종 국제레짐과의 연결 및 활용

이철기(李鐵基) 한국전략문제연구소 2000 전략연구 Vol.7 No.2

The Korean Peninsula, despite the collapse of the Cold War on a global scale, still remains the last remant of the Cold War. North and South Korea have maintained hostile relations and military tension, and have continued to race armaments. Therefore our impending tasks and missions are the dissolution of Cold War system and the establishment of a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. In Particular it is very important to the end of arms race and the achievment of disarmament on the Korean peninsula. It is impossible to maintain peace and to attain unification without military confidence-building and disarmament between the two Koreas. North and South Korea agreed already on the some principles of the arms control and disarmament by "Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-aggression and Exchanges and Cooperation between the South and the North(Basic Agreement)" and "Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula" which was concluded in 1992. The Articles 12 of "Basic Agreement" provides that the two sides shall discuss and carry out steps to build military confidence and realize disarmament by 'South-North Joint Military Commission' And the two Koreas promise not to test, manufacture, produce, receive, possess, store, deploy or use nuclear weapons, and to use nuclear energy solely for peaceful purposes in "Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula" Meanwhile the United Nations system which play the role of the central forum international community and international arms control and disarmament agreements form "international arms control and disarmament regimes". Those regimes provide the important standards and contexts for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula as well as is worthy to utilize for it. The international arms control and disarmament regimes are as follows: UN General Assembly and the organs which deals with disarmament, UN Register of Conventional Arms, Conference on disarmament in Geneva (CD), Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT), Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC), Biological Weapons Convention(BWC), Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) and Ottawa Convention, and Missile Technology Control Regime(MTCR). In this context, the main purpose of this paper is to examine a way of the linkage with and utilization of international regimes for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula, and to research also the possibility and conditions of utilizing those regimes. In order to attain this goals, I will study to utilize UN system as means to realize the conventional arms control and disarmament, prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons by NPT, exterminate chemical and biological weapons by CWC and BWC, prohibit anti-personnel mines by CCW and Ottawa Convention, and regulate missiles by MTCR. Among the international arms control and disarmament regimes, NPT, BWC and CD are acceded by North and South Korea together. While South Korea alone join in CWC and UN Register of Conventional Arms, all two Koreas take part in CCW, Ottawa Convention and MTCR. Taking account of UN membership of North and South Korea, we can think about utilization of the machinery which deals with disarmament within the UN framework. But it is. undesirable that the special matters of the Korea Peninsula is dealt with within UN system. It will bring about internationalization of the Korean. problems and cause unnecessary exhaustive contention and confrontation-diplomacy between the two Koreas. UN system, despite limitations like that, must contribute to arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula. CD which is the sole multilateral forum for disarmament negotiation in international community can serve to give international universality upon arms control and disarmament on Korean Peninsula. Also It is possible to secure the transparency of attack arms transfer by UN Register of Conventional Arms. International regimes like CWC and BWC can be utilize as a useful means to prohibit chemical and biological weapons on the Korean Peninsula. CWC is the first disarmament agreement negotiated within a multilateral framework that provides for the elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction under universally applied international control. It has the effective and powerful verification regime like the challenge inspections which allows each State Party to have an international inspection conducted at any facility or location in any other State Party without right of refusal at short notice. South Korea have announced intention to join CCW Protocol Ⅱ, but rejected accession to Ottawa Convention for military confrontation between the two koreas and usefulness of anti-personnel mines in DMZ. South Korea must, however, take part in Ottawa Convention for a huge wave of international public opinion against landmines. Their military utility has been increasingly questioned. Ottawa Convention provide that each party undertakes to destroy all its stockpiled anti-personnel mines as soon as possible but not later that four years the entry into force of the convention for that state party. Each party also undertakes to destroy all anti-personnel mines in mined areas under its judisdiction or control not later than 10 years after the entry into force of the convention. The aims of the MTCR is to restrict the proliferation of missiles, unmanned air vehicles, and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500kg payload at least 300km, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction(WMD). Rigorous application of MTCR Guidelines to the Korean peninsula can bring about many problems and obstacles. Therefore in order to utilize MTCR for missile control on the Korean Peninsula, a set of conditions must be met. It is necessary to assure North Korea' Security and to establish the fair and universal standard for missile control in the Northeast Asia. Research and development of rocket for peaceful purposer like space programs shall be protected In Conclusion, international arms control and disarmament regimes is worthy of utilization for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula. First, International regimes contribute to grant the international universality and legitimacy on inter-Korean arms control and disarmament. second, It can offer the objectives, universal standard and framework in process of negotiation and implementation for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula. Third, It must play a role of reinforcement and strengthening the arms control and disarmament regimes on the Korean Peninsula through the support and security assurance of powers on it.

體力訓練과 精神力

이철원(Lee, Churl-Won)(李哲遠) 공주대학교 동양학연구소 1994 초자연현상연구 Vol.2 No.-

근력을 발휘하는 데는 근섬유의 수, 크기가 관여하고 지구성을 발휘하는데는 산소섭취능력이 중요하다. 그러나 이러한 생리적 작용이외에도 정신의 집중력인 불굴의 의지에 의해서 체력이 발휘되게 된다. 정신력은 의욕, 판단력, 실행력, 지속력, 통제력 등을 총합한 마음의 작용이다. 정신신체의학(Psycho-Somatic Medicine)에 의하면 신체와 정신은 자율신경계 및 내분비계와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 즉 정신력의 기반이 되는 의욕, 의욕을 저해하는 불안, 공포 등은 자율신경계나 내분비계가 관여하여 체력을 발휘하는데 중요한 작용을 하게 된다. 마라톤과 같이 장거리를 달리는 경우에 고통과 피로에 견디는 힘과 기권하고 싶은 충동과의 갈등이 수반되는 데, 이때 이러한 갈등을 이기고 계속 달릴 수 있는 정신력이 있을 때만 강한 지구성을 발휘할 수 있게 된다. 따라서 지구성은 이러한 정신력에 의하여 영향을 받게 된다. 협력심이나 책임감 등도 체력을 발휘하는데 영향을 준다. 이와같이 체력과 정신력은 밀접한 관련이 있고 실제로 체력을 발휘하는데는 정신력이 매우 중요한 작용을 한다. 물론 체력훈련과정을 통하여 정신력이 향상될 수 있다. 즉 체력훈련 자체가 정신력훈련의 과정이기도 하다. 인간은 누구나 계통적인 트레이닝을 한다면 체력이 향상될 것이고, 여기에 알파요인(정신력)이 첨가된다면 체력의 생리적 한계를 초월한 보다 더 큰 힘(체력)을 발휘할 수 있을 것이다. Muscular strength is determind by the number and size of muscular fiber and cardiovascular endurance depends upon the oxygen uptake ability. Besides these phyiological elements, physical fitness is fully displayed by the indomitable will power, that is, concentration of mental power. The mental power is a mental working that is the totality of will power, judegement power, execution power, tenacity power and control power. According to the psyco-somatic medicine, body and mind which are closely related with a basis of mental power, play a very important role in displaying the phsical fitness with intervening of the autononic nervous system and endocrine system. In a long-distance race like Marathon, conflict between the mental power enduring agony with fatigue and the impulse giving up the race can be overcome only by the mental power to continue one’s race--- strong tenacity power. Tenacity power is influenced by mental power, and co-operation and responsibility give some influence upon displaying physical fitness. Physical fitness and mental power are closely related with each other and in fact, mental power plays a very important role through the training course of physical fitness which means that the physical training itself is a mental power training course. One can improve his physical fitness through the systematic training and display his physical fitness overcoming human being’s physiological limit in case of making the best of mental power.

이노베이션 한국을 위한 국가 구상

박승록,이원영,이철원,신장섭,임기철,배영우,이강윤,남기찬 한국경제연구원 2008 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.20

이 보고서는 국제적인 금융위기에 따른 실물경제의 위축으로 한국경제의 지속성장이 불확실해지고 수출이 어려워지며, 사회 전반의 양극화에 따른 분배문제가 악화되고 새로운 일자리 창출이 쉽지 않은 등 경제 침체가 지속되는 상황에서 과학기술의 발전이 일류국가 건설을 위한 첩경이라는 문제 의식하에 전경련, IBM 등과 함께 국내외 과학기술 전문가들이 참여한 ‘이노베이션 코리아(KII: Korea Innovation Initiative)’ 프로젝트를 수행해 온 결과물이다. 보고서에서는 한국의 과학기술발전을 위한 시급한 과학기술정책 분야로 네트워킹과 클러스터링(이원영 경기개발연구원 과학기술센터 소장), 기술 확산(이철원 날리지웍스 대표), 혁신촉진형 금융시스템의 구축(신장섭 싱가포르대 교수), 정부 연구개발투자의 성과 창출(임기철 STEPI 부원장), 서비스사이언스 확립을 통한 서비스산업의 경쟁력 강화(이강윤 한국IBM연구소장) 분야에서 연구자들이 실천 가능한 정책과제를 제시하고 있다. 이원영 경기개발연구원 과학기술센터 소장은 과학기술발전을 위한 네트워킹과 클러스터링을 위해 산학협력 활성화를 위한 인센티브 구조의 혁신, 과학기술인력의 유동성 제고, 클러스터 기반의 정책추진의 필요성들을 제기하고 있으며, 이철원 날리지웍스 대표는 과학기술발전을 위한 기술 확산을 촉진시키기 위해 Lean R&BD 프로세스 확립을 위한 ‘혁신교류회’의 운영, 기술사업화 전문 ‘Techno-Business Developer’ 양성, 개방형 e-기술이전 Hub 사업 추진, 연구개발 전문기업(CRO)의 핵심역량 강화를 주장하고 있다. 또 신장섭 싱가포르대 교수는 과학기술발전을 위한 혁신촉진형 금융시스템의 구축의 필요성을 제기하고 이를 위해 산업금융 시스템의 재구축, 정책자금 on-lending 및 Mezzanine 방식을 통한 중견기업 지원, 지방 정책금융의 재구축과 RDF의 설립, 벤처캐피털형 세계적 IB 육성의 필요성을 역설하였으며, 임기철 STEPI 부원장은 과학기술 발전에 있어서 정부 연구개발투자의 성과를 높이기 위해 연구개발 자원 배분과 사업 기획의 선진화, 정부-민간 간의 파트너십(PPP) 및 기업의 혁신 역량 강화, 국가 연구개발 사업성과의 가치 창출형 사업추진 체계 구축, 성과창출 극대화를 위한 정부연구개발 사업 관리 제도의 개선, 과학기술 인프라 및 사용자 기반시설 구축 투자의 효율화가 필요하다고 강조하고 있다. 마지막으로 이강윤 한국IBM연구소장은 서비스산업의 발전이 경제의 중요한 성장축이 되기 위해 서비스과학 발전이 필요하며 이를 위해 서비스 혁신을 위한 ‘T’자형 전문가 양성, 서비스 혁신 지원제도의 개선, 서비스 사이언스 연구센터 설립 등을 주장하고 있다.

국산다류중 유기염소제 및 유기인제 농약의 잔류량

이철원,박건상,신효선 한국식품위생안전성학회 1996 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.11 No.2

An attempt was made to determine the residual distribution of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in the various kinds of Korean tea which were purchased from the market. The organochlorine pesticides investigated in this study were BHC, DDT and dicofol and the organophosphorus pesticides were diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion and parathion. The pesticide residues were determined by GC-ECD and NPD. Only BHC was detected in all the samples and it's level were ranged from 0.00064 ppm to 0.05995 ppm and it's average was 0.00682 ppm and DDT, dicofol and organophosphorus pesticides were not detected in all samples. The organophophorus pesticides were detected(0.0035-0.0983 ppm) in raw materials but were not in the manufactured material and it is considered that the largely components of the pesticides is removed by drying and high temperature while the tea was manufactured. The recovery tests of the pesticides gave satisfactory results showing an average yield of 97.6% with organochlorine pesticides and 92.5% with organophosphorus pesticides and the detection limits level were 0.00008 ppm to 0.0010 ppm.

體力의 發達에 관한 縱斷的 硏究

李哲遠 公州大學校스포츠科學硏究所 1995 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

The childhood and teenagers are important in developing children's motor abilities and in showing lots of changes in their physical fitness. During the recent ten years, the children's physique has become greater than before. Especially the physique of the children in seoul is greater in comparison to that of any other region. So it is very meaningful to compare the difference in the children's physical fitness between large and small cities. The aim of this study is to suggest material to improve the health and physical fitness skills by the relative analysis of the physical fitness examination with the children's growth. For this study 2,000 students (each 1,000 boys and girls of age 6 to 17) were selected. The longitudinal material which was investigated through six kinds of physical fitness examinations was analyzed by the statistical method using SPSS. The results are the following. 1. The development pattern of the 100m dash record shows that at the age of 10 the students in large cities run slower than the students in small cities, but from 11 to 15 the case is the reverse. The record of 100m dash continues to increase from 10 to 13, but after 14 it tends to decrease. 2. The development pattern of the Standing Broad Jump record shows that it increases in proportion to age, but at the age of 11 in the case of boys and 14 in the case of girls it does not increse. The record of boys from 10 to 12 in both regions increses rapidly, but from 14 to 16 it decreases rapidly. In the case of girls the change is not stable, but from 13 to 15 the record decreases rapidly. 3. The development pattern of the Chinning record shows that it increases in proportion to age but from 15 to 16 it decreases a little. In the case of girls the record of Modified Chinning reaches the peak. The record of students in small cities is much higer than that of the students in large cities. The record of Modified Chinning of the girls in large cities, but from 14 to 16 the case is the reverse. 4. The development pattern of the Endurance Run shows that the record of the students in small cities is higer than that of the students in large cities. Until the age of 14, the record of the girls in small cities is higer than that of the girls in large cities, but after 14 the case is the reverse. 5. The development pattern of the Sit Up record shows that in the case of boys the record of students in small cities is more than that of students in small cities until the age of 16. The record tends to increase according to age, but at the age of 14 the record of boys decreases temporarily. 6. The development pattern of the Soft Ball Throwing record shows that at the age of 10, 11, 15 and 16, the record of the boys in small cities is higer than that of the boys in large cities, but from 12 to 14 the case is the reverse and from 10 to 11 and at the age of 14 there is little difference between the two regions. From 10 to 16 the record of the girls in small cities is higer than of the girls in large cities, and there is significant difference between two regions. The examination of physical fitness shows that the students from large cities are superior to the students from small cities in all kinds of examinations except Endurance Run, but in the boy;s Chinning and the girl's Softball Throwing the case is the reverse. In conclusion, it is necessary to carry out a longitudinal study because individual adolescent children's body changes are rapid. Chronological age determines the present educational system regardless of the process of body development. However, it is essential to investigate the harmonious education of body an mind considering body development and physiological age. Also, it is necessary to reexamine types and methods of measurements in the examination of physical fitness to raise the objectivity and reliability

Diamond 박막 성장에 미치는 Si 표면 영향의 AES에 의한 연구

이철로(C. R. Lee),신용현(Y. H. Shin),임재영(J. Y. Leem),정광화(K. H. Chung),천병선(B. S. Chun) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1993 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.2 No.2

Si 기판 표면상태 변화와 관련된 핵생성 자유에너지 증가에 따른 다이아몬드 박막성장 거동을 관찰하였다. 표면 연마조건 변화에 따른 3가지 기판(A-Si, B-Si, C-Si) 위에 동일한 성장조건으로 다이아몬드를 성장하였으며, 이때 형상인자와 관련된 자유에너지 관계는 ΔG_(A-Si)<ΔG_(B-Si)<ΔG_(C-Si)이다. AES, SEM, XRD, RHEED에 의해 각각의 박막 A, B, C를 조사한 결과, 핵생성 자유에너지가 가장 적은 A 박막은 (100) (110) 면이 지배적인 고품위 다이아몬드 박막이다. 자유에너지가 A에 비해 다소 적은 B 박막은 (111) 면이 지배적인 8면체 다이아몬드 박막이고, 자유에너지가 가장 적은 C 박막은 흑연이 많이 함유된 구상의 다이아몬드이다. The effect of nucleation free energy related to Si surface states on diamond film growth behavior has been studied. At first, the three kinds of diamond thin films (A, B, C) were deposited on various Si substrates (A-Si, B-Si, C-Si) whose surfaces were polished with 1 ㎛ diamond paste, 6 ㎛ Al₂O₃ powder and 12 ㎛ Al₂O₃ powder respectively. And then, relative nucleation free energy calculated is ΔG_(A-Si)<ΔG_(B-Si)<ΔG_(c-Si) Although there are some difference in grain size, shape and nucleation site, the thin films on A-Si and B-Si were diamond including a small amount of DLC which was confirmed by AES, SEM, XRD and RHEED. Namely, the diamonds of films (B) were not nucleated in scratches but in dents and larger in grain size compare with the film (C) of which diamond were nucleated not only scratches but also dents. And, the sphere diamond which is not general shape was grown on C-Si. After all, the sphere was turned out to be the diamond including much graphite as a result of the AES in situ depth profiling. Consequently, the diamond shape and quality grown on Si were changed from the crystal which the (100) and (110) planes were predominent to the crystal in which (111) plane was predominent, and next to sphere shape diamond including much graphite according as the nucleation free energy increases.