한국의 독도, 평화와 상생의 기회: 공공외교 및 협상 관점의 연구 (탁월한 소시민 협상가, 어부 안용복을 기리며)

황미애,Mi-ae Hwang 한국공공외교학회 2022 Journal of public diplomacy Vol.2 No.2

Objectives: The neighboring countries of South Korea and Japan in Northeast Asia have interacted in both positive and negative ways, at times as close partners and other times adversaries, throughout their long and thorny history of extensive dynamics. The controversial dispute over Dokdo is one of the most critical issues evoking harsh tensions and arguments asserting wholly opposite claims. Dokdo is a small island between two coastal states, but significant in terms of territorial, botanical, and marine resources, and thus ownership of the island has become a point of conflict accompanied by a troubled history. But why has Dokdo been a source of conflicts and how should the controversial Dokdo issue be addressed in a way that fosters positive influence and co-prosperity? Methods: This study provides comprehensive and critical insights from a wealth of previous research and strategic suggestions for the Korean government. It utilizes the three perspectives of historical documents and political context, international regulations and legal frames, and public diplomacy. Furthermore, it applies these resources to negotiation theories and strategies to propose reasonable solutions. Results: This study suggests that it is important for Korea and Japan to try to build mutual trust through more active communication and interaction in order to understand each other before attempting to create a formal resolution via negotiation. In addition to these efforts, Korea needs to be ready for the inevitable need to take decisive action in terms of negotiation, using analytic and efficient strategies. The study proposes three solutions: 1) Strong Action Strategy, 2) International Legal Strategy, and 3) Public Diplomacy Strategy. Conclusions: From the perspective of public diplomacy, the Dokdo issue needs to be converted from a symbol of conflicts between Korea and Japan into a symbol of peace and co-prosperity. In addition to promoting a positive relationship between the two states, it can also contribute to the security environment of the Northeast Asian region and global peace.

보문 : 대학생이 선호하는 여교수의 리더십 유형과 외모 이미지

황미애 ( Mi Ae Hwang ),장미숙 ( Mee Sook Chang ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2013 대한미용학회지 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 남녀 대학생이 선호하는 여교수의 리더십 유형과 외모 이미지를 살펴보기 위하여 설문조사를 실시하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 인구통계학적 특성이 선호하는 여교수의 리더십 유형에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 리더십 유형 중변혁적 리더십에서는 여성보다 남성이 경우 선호도가 높았고 학년이 높을수록 변혁적 리더십에 대한 선호도가 높게 나타났으며 거래적 리더십에서는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 대학생의 성역할 고정관념이 선호하는 여교수의 리더십 유형에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 변혁적 리더십에서는 직업 및 사회 심리적 특성에 대한 고정관념, 사회적성역할에 대한 고정관념 순으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 직업 및 사회 심리적 특성에 대한 고정관념이 높을수록 변혁적 리더십에 대한 선호도가 높아졌고 사회적 성역할에 대한 고정관념이 높을수록 변혁적 리더십에 대한 선호도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 거래적 리더십에서는 직업 및 사회심리적 특성에 대한 고정관념, 사회성역할에 대한 고정관념 순으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 직업 및 사회 심리적 특성에 대한 고정관념이 높을수록 거래적 리더십에 대한 선호도가 높아지고 사회적 성역할에 대한 고정관념이 높아지면 거래적 리더십에 대한 선호도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생의 인구통계학적 특성이 선호하는 여교수의 외모 이미지에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 대학생이 선호하는 여교수의 메이크업스타일은 내추럴 스타일로 나타났다. 전공계열에 따라서는 인문과학계열과 예체능계열은 로맨틱 스타일을 자연과학계열과 사회과학계열은 클래식 스타일을 선호하였다. 대학생이 선호하는 여교수의 헤어스타일은 로맨틱 스타일이 가장 높게 나타났다. 성별에 따라서 는 남성이, 전공계열에 따라서는 인문과학계열, 자연과학계열, 예체능계열이 로맨틱 스타일을 가장 선호한다고 응답하였고, 사회과학계열은 클래식 스타일을 가장 선호하는 것으로 보인다. 대학생이 선호하는 여교수의 패션스타일은 클래식 스타일이 가장 높게 나타났다. 성별에 따라서는 남성은 드라마틱 패션스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타났고 여성은 클래식 스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대학생의 성역할 고정관념이 선호하는 여교수의 외모 이미지에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 메이크업스타일의경우 성역할에 대한 고정관념이 낮은 집단이 클래식 스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 헤어스타일의 경우 직업및 사회심리적 특성, 사회적 성역할에 대한 고정 관념이 높은 집단이 내추럴 스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타난 반면, 고정관념이 낮은 집단은 클래식 스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 패션스타일의 경우는 사회적 성역할에 대한 고정관념이 높은 집단은 내추럴 스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타났고 반면에 고정 관념이 낮은 집단은 클래식 스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 상기의 내용을 통해 미루어 볼 때, 남녀 성별에 상관없이 대학교에서 학년이 높아질수록 여교수의 변혁적/거래적 리더십 유형에 관심을 갖는 것으로 보인다. 대학생의 성역할 고정관념 가운데 직업 및 사회 심리적 특성에 대한 고정관념, 사회적 성역할에 대한 고정관념 순으로 변혁적/거래적리더십 선호도에 영향을 미쳤으며, 직업 및 사회 심리적 특성에 대한 고정관념이 높을수록 변혁적/거래적 리더십에 대한 선호도가 높아졌고 사회적 성역할에 대한 고정관념이 높을수록 변혁적/거래적 리더십에 대한 선호도는 낮은 것으로 나타나 교수라는 직업에 따른 사회 심리적 고정관념이, 선호하는 리더십 유형을 결정하는데 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다. 여교수의 외모 이미지에 있어서 전체적으로 내추럴 메이크업스타일, 로맨틱 헤어스타일, 클래식 패션스타일을 선호하였으나 메이크업은 전공계열, 헤어스타일은 성별과 전공계열, 패션스타일은 성별에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 또한 여교수의 외모 이미지에 있어서 헤어스타일과 패션스타일의 경우 사회적 성역할에 대한 고정관념이 높은 집단이 내추럴 스타일을 선호하는 것으로 나타나 여교수의 화려한 이미지보다는 자연스러운 이미지를 선호한 반면, 메이크업스타일, 헤어스타일, 패션스타일 모두 성역할 고정관념이 낮은 집단에서 클래식 이미지를 선호하는 것으로 나타나, 성역할에 의미를 두기 보다는 교수라는 직업적 특성을 더욱 중요시 여기는 것으로 사료된다. 최근 여성의 사회 진출의 급격한 증가와 확대로 인한 여성 리더십과 외모 이미지에 대한 연구의 필요성이 높아지고 있는 가운데, 본 연구에서는 현대 사회에서 대표적인 여성 리더라 할 수 있는 여교수의 리더십 유형과 외모 이미지에 대해, 수용자인 대학생을 대상으로 연구함으로써 바람직한 리더상으로서의 이미지를 분석해내고자 하였다. 후속 연구에서는 보다 다양한 직업과 기업에 따른 이미지 선호도를 분석하여 취업난을 겪고 있는 구직자들을 위한 보다 심도있는 연구를 제안하는 바이다. This study is aimed to investigate type of leadership and appearance image preferred by university students and analyze difference in preference by demographic characteristics and by the stereotype of personality variables, focusing on female professors among female leaders. For data analysis, the following tests were conducted on 400 students in Seoul and Changwon from September 15 to 29, 2012; simple correlation analysis (Pearson`s), frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, Cronbach`s alpha and Scheffe`s post-hoctest. According to the results, older students` interest in female professors` transformational/transactional leadership was high. Among various stereotypes on college students` gender role, the stereotype on occupational and socio-psychological characteristics had the greatest effect on transformational/transactional leadership. Therefore, it appears that socio-psychological stereotype as a professor had an impact on choosing the type of leadership preferred. In terms of female professors` appearance image, ‘natural makeup,’ ‘romantic hairstyle’ and ‘classic fashion’ were preferred. In terms of makeup, however, preference varied by gender and college. In terms of fashion, preference varied by gender only. In terms of makeup, hairstyle and fashion, ‘classic image’ was preferred in a group in which stereotype on gender role was low. Therefore, it`s been confirmed that occupation (‘professor’) was more influential than role by gender. This study has analyzed a type of female professors` leadership and their appearance image against college students. It appears that this paper would be able to suggest eligibility and images for a model professor and leader.

외국인의 사회경제적 지위에 따른 학생들의 차별적 태도 연구

황미애 ( Mi Ae Hwang ) 한국사회과교육학회 2009 시민교육연구 Vol.41 No.3

This paper is intended to understand students` multicultural attitude as well as their attitude toward foreigners in general. I conducted a survey of 330 high school students. The results are as follows: (1) The majority of respondents showed positive response on Perceived Consequences of Multiculturalism and Tolerance; however, only a small number of them agreed on Multicultural Program Attitudes. (2) Students` attitude toward foreigners turned out to be discriminating according to different groups where the foreigners belong to. In addition, as precedent studies have emphasized, a foreigner`s status hierarchy such as ethnicity, economic strength of his country also affects on students` attitude toward foreigners. (3) However, a foreigner`s economic hierarchy(i.e. socioeconomic status) has greater influence on students` discriminating attitude toward foreigners rather than a foreigner`s status hierarchy. These results have crucial implications as follows. First, this result reveals some of the limitations of culture relativism, which has been stressed in social education so far. So I propose that multicultural education should be implemented with the emphasis on recognition·support·manage toward foreigners. Second, education on race·ethnicity as well as recognition and acceptance toward the foreigners from lower status hierarchy is still valid as the content of multicultural education. Finally, it is notable that economic hierarchy(i.e. SES) was the most influential factor in deciding students` discriminating attitude toward foreigners. This suggests that the matter on `recognition of various socioeconomic status` should be given more attention as well as `recognition of racial, ethnic and cultural diversity` in social studies education.

외국인에 대한 중등학생의 법적관용성 -다문화 법교육에의 함의

황미애 ( Mi Ae Hwang ),이수진 ( Su Jin Lee ),박성혁 ( Sung Hyeok Park ) 한국사회과교육학회 2013 시민교육연구 Vol.45 No.1

이 연구는 외국인에 대한 중·고등학생들의 법적관용성을 살펴봄으로써 사회과에서 다문화법교육의 방향을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 중등학생의 외국인에 대한 법적관용성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등학생들은 일반적으로 외국인에 대하여 ``추상적 상황``하에서는 참정권을 제외하고는 관용적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 ``구체적 상황`` 하에서는 모든 기본적 자유와 권리 영역에서 뚜렷하게 관용성 정도가 낮아졌다. 둘째, 외국인에 대한 법적관용성 정도가 중학생보다 고등학생에게서 더욱 불관용적인 것으로 나타났다. 이런 연구 결과는 사회과 다문화교육이 법교육의 관점에서 실시되어야 할 필요성을 제기할 뿐만 아니라 ``구체적`` 맥락과 사례 속에서 지속적·반복적으로 다양하고 많은 사례를 통하여 실시되어야 함을 말해주고 있다. 아울러 다문화교육을 법교육의 관점에서 실시할 때에도 ``정치적 생활 영역``을 강조할 필요가 있음을 말해준다. 그리고 중등학생의 외국인에 대한 법적관용성의 함양을 위해서는 인지뿐만 아니라 정서적 차원을 강조하는 사례가 활용될 필요가 있다. This study investigates middle and high school students` legal tolerance toward foreigners and aims to explore ways of law-related multicultural education in social studies. The conclusions which can be drawn from this study of secondary students` legal tolerance toward foreigners are follows. Firstly, students were generally tolerant towards basic human rights of foreigners, except suffrage, when the rights were presented ``in abstract situations``. Secondly, the degree of legal tolerance significantly reduced, however, when basic human rights were displayed ``in concrete situations`` rather than in an abstract way. Thirdly, high school students` legal non-tolerance was higher than that of middle school students when basic human rights were described in concrete situations. The results of this study highlight the importance of law-related education in connection with multiculturalism for secondary students. It also suggests that law-related multicultural education should be implemented in ``concrete`` contexts and cases which go beyond abstractness. Lastly, it argues that, in order to foster secondary students` legal tolerance toward foreigners, an approach should be adopted which emphasizes not only the cognitive but the affective domain.

고속도로 복합휴게소 내 지역 밀착형 도입시설 연구

황미애(Hwang, Mi-Ae) 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.1

In the past, simple resting and resting place facilities were focused on sales facilities. it is changing to various functions such as tourism, theme, shopping, experience, history, and culture in order to satisfy various visitors. It is being installed continuously. However, due to the lack of facilities, the functions provided to highway users are limited. Therefore, in this study, resting places that have high accessibility to the area which is showing limit by user-centered passive operation without linkage of attraction characteristics or tourism resources in the surrounding area, We developed a linkage area and analyzed the area that connects the area with the highway rest area.

여성창업과 소액대출 개선에 관한 연구

서근하 ( Geun Ha Suh ),황미애 ( Mi Ae Hwang ) 부산대학교 여성연구소 2007 여성학연구 Vol.17 No.1

Since interactions among societies became more complicated, the importance and social attention of economically active women entrepreneurs has been growing. Advantages unique to women such as intuitive knowledge, creativity and sensitivity are prominently highlighted in the midst of rapidly changing environment. Therefore, recently the businesses establishment by women has been on the rise, and the portion of women-owned business in whole business has been increasing. More than 70 percent of women-owned businesses are lodging and foods, wholesale, retail sales, education services and 92.3 percent of women-owned businesses are small businesses having less than five employees. Also, the women-owned businesses have been mostly concentrated in industries which have low barriers to entry and intense competition. As the fact, growth with quality has not been accomplished. This study focus on women entrepreneurs, and micro credit system improvement. Based on the previous substantial evidence, business establishment support system by women should be improved after discovering the traits of women entrepreneurs. As a result, improving managerial and social performance of women-owned small business and micro credit system. The adoption of micro credit system improvement approach by the existent or new social service system can cater the long-ignored needs of these women entrepreneurs and micro credit system related with their financial and managerial crisis.

예비 가족창업자의 창업관련특성 및 창업교육선호

강미욱,황미애 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2009 生活文化硏究 Vol.23 No.2

This research aims to provide a groundwork for the development of an entrepreneurship program by examining the entrepreneurial characteristics of those who are preparing for family entrepreneurship and their preferences in entrepreneurship training according to social and demographical traits, such as sex, age and level of education. Survey respondents for this research were made up of 383 individuals living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, regardless of age, excluding 47 problematic individuals. In order to analyze the collected data, various statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and Crosstabs were used. In relation to starting up an entrepreneurship, respondents who were male, had a monthly income between 3,110,000 to 4,500,000 won, and had a low level of education preferred restaurant and hotel businesses. Respondents who were single females and had a monthly income of over 4,510,000 won preferred service businesses and those who were in their 30's and had a monthly income of over 4,510,000 won preferred internet-related businesses. Respondents who were college graduates in their 30's preferred having two jobs. Those with an educational level below middle school in their 30's showed a correlation between their views on entrepreneurship and their latest jobs. This research tries to contribute to the development of educational programs specifically suitable for pre family entrepreneurs, based on its findings according to social and demographical traits.

예비 가족창업자의 창업동기 및 가족관련 특성

강미욱,김영순,황미애 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2008 生活文化硏究 Vol.23 No.1

The main purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of nascent family entrepreneurs in order to understand differences of motivations, type of family involvement, family related characteristics. The study sample consists of 336 individuals in seoul and kyung-gi province. The major reasons of family entrepreneurship were to fulfill the financial needs and to prepare retirement. Gender differences are exist: Women are more likely to start their family businesses in terms of developing themselves and running at-home businesses than men. Compared to other age groups, individuals over age 40 have great motivation to start-up family businesses as their after-retirement insurances.