한국어 구어의 감탄문 표현

홍종선(Hong Jong seon) 한국언어문학회 2017 한국언어문학 Vol.101 No.-

In sentential types in Korean, the ‘exclamatory sentence’ is under some controversy among scholars with respect to whether it can be classified as an independent sentential type. However, since the exclamatory sentence has its own characteristics distinguished from the declarative sentence, it can be established as a sentential type in Korean. Although the criteria for categorial division and classification of type for the exclamative sentence are not clearly defined, these facts cannot be the reasons to claim that the exclamative sentence is not an independent sentential type. In fact, Korean exclamatory sentence has not been highlighted much in previous researches. The exclamatory sentence in spoken Korean is rarely constructed with the sentential endings classified to this date as exclamatory endings. Following the author’s analysis of exclamatory sentences used in the dialogue of television dramas, it is revealed that the exclamatory sentence often ends with various final endings and connective endings as well as other parts of speech. For this matter, the main factor governing the hearers’ recognition of the exclamatory sentence mainly depends on intonation. The exclamatory sentence in spoken Korean does not only have the tone of /231/ and /241/ unlike what is claimed in other previous grammar books. In fact, the final intonation of actual utterance is realized with all of three types such as ‘flat tone’, ‘rising tone’, and ‘falling tone’. Compared to the declarative sentence, the exclamatory sentence is more dynamic in articulation since it has a greater fluctuation of intonation in utterance. Furthermore, the exclamatory sentence has a higher sound pitch in the final syllable of an utterance and whole utterance compared to the declarative sentence, and also the final syllable of an utterance has a longer sound length in the exclamatory sentence.

한국어 연어 정보의 분석·응용에 관한 연구

홍종선(Jong Seon Hong),강범모(Beom Mo Kang),최호철(Ho Chol Choi) 한국어학회 2000 한국어학 Vol.11 No.-

이 연구는 한국어에서 나타나는 연어(collocation) 관계 표현의 정보를 살피는 것이다. 이를 위해 대규모의 한국어 자료에서 나타나는 연어 표현을 통계화하고 그 결과 내용을 분석 설명하였다. 연어의 개념은 아직 확고하게 정의되지 않았지만, 이웃하여서 자주 같이 쓰이는 어휘들이나 출현환경에 공기 제약성을 크게 갖는 어휘들이 연어의 대상이 되는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 어떤 대상어(node)에 대하여 이웃에 자주 등장하는 어휘가 그 단어에 대해 연어성이 높다고 한다면, 인접성과 관계 없이 그 단어와 함께 하나의 문장에 자주 등장하는 어휘에도 높은 연어성을 인정해 줄 수 있다고 본다. 그것은 그 대상어와 긴밀한 공기 관계를 이룬다는 점에서, 이웃 자리에 오는 어휘 이상으로 밀접한 연관성을 보여주기도 할 것이다. 이와 같은 점을 고려하여, 한 문장 안에서 특정한 대상어와 공기하는 어휘들을 살피되, 이웃하는 자리에 오는 어휘들과, 논항이나 수식 등 문법적인 관계를 갖는 어휘들을 모두 다루었다. 논항 관계는 서술어의 주어와 목적어 그리고 보어를 대상으로 하며, 수식 관계는 명사의 수식어(관형어), 동사 및 형용사의 수식어(부사어)를 고찰하는 것이다. 이 연구의 언어 자료는 1,000만 어절로 된 <고려대학교 한국어 말모둠 1(Korea-1 Corpus)>을 바탕으로 하여, 여기에 연어 표현 연구를 위해 주어, 목적어 및 보어, 수식어 표지 붙이기 작업을 하였다. 연어 관계를 찾을 대상어는 체언 100개와 용언 100개로, 이는 고빈도 순서를 원칙으로 한 것이다. 다만 본고에서는 분량의 제약으로, 이 가운데 체언 5개, 동사 5개, 형용사 5개의 대상어에 한해서만 통계를 제시하고 설명하였다.

국어 사전 편찬, 그 성과와 과제(3): 올림말(2) -올림말의 선정 기준과 범위

홍종선 ( Hong Jong Seon ) 민족어문학회 2003 어문논집 Vol.48 No.-

한국어 정보 처리와 연어 정보 에 대한 토론

홍종선(Jong Seon Hong) 국어학회 2002 국어학 Vol.39 No.-

N/A

국어 사전의 성과와 과제(6): 용례 -언어의 이해와 표현에 기여하는 사전의 편찬을 위하여-

홍종선 ( Jong Seon Hong ) 민족어문학회 2010 어문논집 Vol.- No.61

사전은, 표현된 언어에 대해 해석 이해를 하고자 할 때에 주로 이용되지만, 한편으로 언어의 표현에도 기여해야 할 것이다. 지금까지 나온 대표적인 국어 대사전 5종을 위주로 살펴본 결과, 이전의 사전들은 이러한 표현 부분에 대한 정보 제공에 비교적 소홀하였음을 알 수 있었다. 사전에서 용례는 언어 표현에 구체적인 정보를 직접적으로 제공하는 항목이다. 따라서 가능한 한 용례는 올림말의 다양한 용법을 모두 잘 보여줄 수 있도록 마련해야 한다. 풀이말을 다른 올림말로 대체하는 방언이나 순화 대상어, 피동사, 사동사, 높임말, 파생어 등도 그만의 독특한 용법이 있을 수 있으므로 용례가 필요하다. 용례는 풀이말과 서로 관련성을 가지면서 풀이 정보를 보완하는 성격을 가진다. 특히 풀이말이 추상적이고 포괄적이거나 메타 언어를 사용한 경우에서는 용례가 풀이말을 구체화하는 역할을 해야 한다. 또한, 용례에는 해당 올림말이 갖는 문화적인 요소와 일반적인 정서, 관습 등을 함유하는 내용을 내보이도록 노력해야 한다. 용례 가운데 인용례와 작성례 그리고 가공례는 사전의 성격에 따라 적절하게 조정된다. 가능한 한 인용례를 많이 사용하는 것이 좋지만, 사전에서 용례는 그 말이 사용된 전후 맥락이 생략된 채 나타나므로 이에 따르는 최적의 조건을 갖춘 용례 선정과 작성이 요구된다. Dictionary is used not only to understand the expressed language but also to service the expression of Language. As a result of examining mainly with the representative five large Korean Dictionaries, I found that this kind of expression side has been treated too lightly so far in the previous dictionaries. Examples in dictionary are the item directly providing concrete information to language expression. If at all possible, It is arranged that examples should show a varied usages of an headword. Especially examples are needed in this case that dialect that replace the explanation to other headword, a target word of purification, a passive verb, a causative verb, a honorific word, a derivative word and so on can have their unique usages. It is effective for examples and explanations to supplement each other with relation. In the explanation used abstract and inclusive language or metalanguage, examples should take on a role of concrete the interpretation. And, It is tried in the examples to include contents of various cultures, general emotions and customs etc. Citation, writing example, manufacturing example should be controled according to the character of dictionary. If at all possible, it is favorite way to use a lot of citations. However, examples in dictionary show up without the context so that it is needed to select and make out examples to be best forms.

광복 70년, 국어학의 여정과 통일 좌표

홍종선(Hong, Jong-seon) 국어국문학회 2015 국어국문학 Vol.- No.172

This paper looked back at the fruits of Korean linguistics study in the past 70 years, and looked ahead for the future of Korean linguistics in a reunification-era. Although North and South Korea are currently separated with no language or academic communication, both sides of Korean linguistic studies have achieved results of great broadness and depth with their own linguistic concepts and theories. Those were the results of Korean linguists after the modern-transition period, who held fast to their national consciousness and never stopped pursuing high standard research. Korean linguistics initially centered around the discussion of part of speech. Later, Under the influence of constructional grammar, linguists shifted their focus to morphology with topics on morphological analysis, endings and suffixes and so on. When Generative grammar was introduced, the center of study shifted to syntax, and varies grammar categories were researched as a whole. Meanwhile, new theories were also applied in the area of phonology, and Korean linguistics have also expanded into semantics and pragmatics. Recently, new trends of western linguistics, such as cognitive linguistics, text linguistics, and functional linguistics, began to find their way into mainstream Korean linguistics study, which launched research on discourse grammar. In the past 70 years, Korean linguistic researches actively embraced western theories and achieved fruitful results. It is now time to develop linguistics theories specifically for Korean basing on its own unique characteristics. Also, at the dawn of reunification, it is also expected that there are more and more joint studies of North and South linguistics that map out a future for the Korean language.

국어 사전 편찬의 역사(1)

홍종선 ( Jong Seon Hong ) 우리어문학회 2008 우리어문연구 Vol.30 No.-

Even though the notion and range of Korean Dictionary depend on points of various view, Korean Dictionary compilation in a broad view can be counted from gyerimyusa(계림유사) which is a bilingual word book transcribing Chinese by foreigner in Koryeo dynasty. After that there was shown up unseo(운서) clarifying Chinese character sound, jaseog(자석) interpreting chinese word for learning Chinese character and writing, yuhae(유해) for learning foreign language by an official interpreter, names of objects(물명mulmyeong) and encyclopedia typing and cataloging name of around things, and Idu dictionary(이두 사전) compiling Idu. A traditional vocabulary book has a character of translation dictionary with entry words to learn Chinese character, Chinese word or foreign language. The traditional vocabulary book has a peculiarity like the form a classification book(Yuseo 유서) in which entries type and catalogue by their sound or meaning. The Yuseo whose entries are Korean words, can be included within Korean Dictionary, having nothing to do with spell letter, writer, publisher and so on.

한국어문학과 시각 매체 텔레비전 방송 자막의 한글 연구

홍종선 ( Jong Seon Hong ) 우리어문학회 2010 우리어문연구 Vol.37 No.-

외국인 학습자를 위한 한국어 사전 편찬의 성과와 과제: 올림말

홍종선 ( Jong Seon Hong ) 우리어문학회 2012 우리어문연구 Vol.42 No.-

Recently, as the number of Korean learners are rapidly increasing, the regions and the kinds of organizations where one can learn Korean are being largely enlarged and diversified. Along with the tendency, dictionaries for Korean learners should also be developed in more diversity. In this paper, we examined the entries in the existing Korean Learner s Dictionaries and could not find any notable differences between dictionaries for native speakers and those for Korean learners in terms of selection, arrangement and script of entries. Now the circumstances are well matured for the compilation of a midium-sized dictionary that contains around 50,000 entries for Korean language learners. It would be a dictionary which can support the intermediate and advanced learners and, at the same time, which can play the role of a base dictionary for publishing other diverse Korean Learner s Dictionaries. As today s environments for dictionary users and publishers are fundamentally changed, the use of web-based or application-based dictionaries, compared to paper type, will be largely increased in the future. The capacity of these new dictionaries are also expected to become quite large, so we conceived our dictionary in a way that can be conveniently used by Korean learners even in terms of entries. For example, variants of irregular predicates, commonly used non-standard vocabulary or easily mistaken script forms are also included in the dictionary, and are given superscripts according to their frequency of use. On top of this an eojeol dictionary is proposed in this paper. It includes all the forms such as noun-particle combinations, various conjugations, etc. It means that every eojeol with a certain frequency of use would be an entry so that it allows for Korean language learners to get easy access and obtain the information they want in a very convenient way: all these are totally feasible with the new proposed dictionary.

한국어 어절 사전의 거시 구조: 올림말

홍종선 ( Jong Seon Hong ) 우리어문학회 2014 우리어문연구 Vol.50 No.-

Being an agglutinative language, Korean is abundant with postpositions and endings. Consequently, eojeol dictionary, which fully reflects this morphological feature, could be a much more useful form of dictionary comparing to traditional ones. In the field of Korean acquisition or computerization, this from of dictionary is especially important and necessary. In order to compile a Korean eojeol dictionary, its headwords should be the first under discussion. This paper looks into the characteristics, scale, morphology and arrangement of headwords of Korean enjeol dictionary. In an enjeol dictionary, the unit of headword is enjeol. This means that a combination of a noun and postpositions, or a combination of a verb/adjective and endings should both be dictionary entries. Thus all inflection forms of the same word, as well as traditional Korean dictionary entries such as word, postposition, ending, and idiomatic phrase are all eligible headwords. More over, to fully consider the user-need, when the pronunciation of a headword is different from its morphological form, this phonological form(one morph of the morpheme)should also be a headword. As another attempt to enhance practicality, informal orthographies and pronunciations which are widely used should also be listed as headwords. Pronunciation headwords, headwords that are Listed because they read different from their basic morphological forms, will be written in a bracket in order to be separated form their basic forms. Eojeols that share the same form or pronunciation are arranged by superscript according to their frequency. The number of headwords can be decided according to the dictionary scale. Generally, eojeols of a frequency of 2-3, or more, in a large-scale balanced corpus could be collected as headwords. Sub-entries are meaningless, all headwords are main entries in an eojeol dictionary. Finally, as for the idiomatic phrases , traditional compiling method can be applied as it is.