The effect of orthographic input in acquisition of the surface realization of second language phonological processes

한정임,김주연,최태환 한국언어학회 2018 언어 Vol.43 No.3

Han, Jeong-Im, Kim, Joo-Yeon, & Choi, Tae-Hwan. 2018. The effect of orthographic input in acquisition of the surface realization of second language phonological processes. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 43-3, 645-669. The present study examined the influence of orthographic input on the production of surface realization of multiple phonological processes in a second language (L2). The intermediate level of native Mandarin speakers learned novel Korean words each of which underwent one of ten common phonological processes in Korean. The Mandarin learners were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which was provided by the spellings of test words, while the other group was provided by auditory forms only. In the subsequent picture naming task, it was found that the two groups of learners did not differ in the surface realization of L2 phonological processes, except a gradient and optionally-applied phonological process. These findings indicate that intermediate-level L2 learners are unlikely to be interfered by written input in the acquisition of surface realization of L2 phonological processes, when they are exposed to orthographic forms of multiple phonological processes. (Konkuk University & Catholic Kwandong University)

The phonetic realization of devoiced vowels in Mandarin Chinese

한정임,오수진 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study analyzed the phonetic realizations of devoiced vowels in Mandarin Chinese. First, the target vowels were acoustically examined and classified in three categories: completely devoiced, partially devoiced, and completely voiced. Second, the segmental duration and intensity of the target vowels, and the aspiration/noise duration of the preceding consonants were measured between the devoiced and voiced tokens. Our findings indicate that 1) the vowels of Mandarin Chinese were seldom realized as prototypical devoiced vowels like Japanese or the American Indian languages: the frequency of devoiced vowels was less than 5% regardless of the contexts eliciting vowel devoicing; and 2) there were considerable individual variations across speakers. However, it was also found in the acoustic measurements of the target vowels that the devoiced vowels were realized with shorter duration and lower intensity than the voiced counterparts. As for the duration of the aspiration/noise of the preceding consonants, a voiceless fricative, but not a voiceless affricate or stop, was realized with longer duration when it was immediately preceded by the (completely and partially) devoiced vowel as compared to the completely voiced vowel. The present results demonstrate a cross-linguistic variation in the realization of devoiced vowels.

미국 광고학의 동향과 흐름

韓政昊(한정호) 한국광고홍보학회 1989 광고연구 Vol.0 No.3

慶州 九皇洞 三層石塔 舍利莊嚴具의 再照明

한정호(韓政鎬) 한국미술연구소 2006 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.22

1942년 경주 狼山 동편에 위치한 구황동 삼층석탑 해체ㆍ수리 과정에서 사리구가 발견되었다. 이 사리장엄구는 『無垢淨光大陀羅尼經』의 유입을 계기로 야기되는 신라 사리장엄 방식의 변화를 보여주는 매우 중요한 사례이다. 사리함의 명문에 의하면 692년 신문왕의 명복을 빌기 위해 석탑이 건립된 이후. 700년 신목태후가 세상을 떠나고 이어서 702년에 효소왕이 승하하자, 성덕왕 5년(706)에 불사리 4과와 全金彌陀像 1구, 『무구정경』 1권을 추가로 봉안하였다고 밝히고 있다. 지금까지 706년에 사리장엄구를 추가로 봉안한 배경에 대해『무구정경』의 ‘낡은 탑을 중수(修造佛塔)하는 功德’에 의거하여 성덕왕이 선대 왕가의 명복을 빌기 위한 의도로만 거론되어 왔다. 그러나 건립된지 불과 14년 밖에 경과되지 않은 석탑을 낡은 탑〔塔〕으로 보기에는 무리가 있으며, 문헌자료를 통해 706년에 시행된 석탑 중수의 배경에는 지금까지 밝혀지지 않았던 새로운 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 즉, 『삼국사기』권 제8성덕왕조의 기사를 통해 당시 신라사회는 705년에서 706년 사이에 발생한 극심한 가뭄으로 인해 백성들의 피해가 극에 달하였음이 확인된다. 따라서 성덕왕이 사리장엄구를 추가로 봉안한 배경에는 先祖에 대한 追福供養은 물론, 신라에 새롭게 유입된 『무구정경』의 威神力을 빌어 자연재해로 인한 국난 극복의 의도가 강하게 내포되어 없다고 사료된다. 그리고 구황동 삼층석탑에서 발견된 사리장엄구에 대해 품목별로 납입 시기를 살펴본 결과, 사리용기를 비롯한 유물들은 대부분 성덕왕대에 추가로 봉안된 것으로 밝혀졌다 반면, 692년 초창 당시에 납입된 것으로 추정되는 유물은 금제여래입상이 유일한 것으로 판명됨에 따라, 초창당시의 사리장엄 방식이 금제여래입상을 중심으로 봉안되었을 가능성과 사리장엄구와 공반되는 불상의 성격에 대해 살펴볼 수 없는 계기를 마련해 주고 있다. 사리함에 기록된 납입품 가운데 무구정경은 1942년에 수습된 이후 행방이 묘연해진 대나무 편들에 결부시켜, 付簡의 형태로 제작ㆍ봉안되었던 것으로 언급되어 왔다. 그러나 『무구정경』1권은 종이에 묵서된 寫經으로 별도 봉안되었을 가능성이 있으며, 대나무 편에 기입된 經文은 다라니경 전체가 아니라 99벌 혹은 77볼 寫書한 6종의 陀羅尼呪 가운데 일부일 가능성이 크다. 끝으로 706년에 추가 봉안되었던 금제아미타좌상 1구와 사리함 명문에 기술된 6寸 크기의 全金彌陀像 1구와의 관련성이다. 지금까지 논란을 빚고 있는 6寸 크기의 불상에 관해 여러 異說이 제기되었다. 사리함의 명문에 명시된 6寸은 周尺을 기준으로 금제여래좌상의 크기와 일치하고 있다. 따라서 구황동 삼층석탑 사리장엄구에서 발견된 2구의 불상 가운데 명문에 기록된 ‘6寸 크기의 全金彌陀像’은 그동안 양식사적 접근을 통해 거론되어온 금제여래좌상임이 재확인되며, 아울러 신라에 周尺이 통용되었을 가능성을 보여주는 매우 중요한 사례라고 할 수 있다. It is very important the reliquary discovered inside the three-story stone pagoda at Goowhang-dong in Cyeoungju that shows the change of practice with Buddhist relic woship as the introduction of R?mivimalavi?uddhaprabh?n?ma-sutra in Silla. The reliquary was engraved in 692 A.D. the three-story stone pagoda at Goo-wangdong was bolt to play for the repose of King Sinmoon by the King Hyoso and the Queen Sinmok, King Sinmoon's wife, then the Queen Sinmok who demised in 700 A.D. Also, the King Hyoso who demised in 702 A.D. This is next to the four pieces of the Buddha's bodily relic, one of the statues of Amitabha which is made of gold, one of the R?mivimalavi?uddhaprabh?n?ma-dh?ran?-sutra were enshrined in by the King Sungduk, in 706 A.D. Therefore, we can think that the reason of adding to a re-liqury was to pray for the repose of the late king, based on the teaching R?mivimalavi?uddhaprabh?n?ma-dh?ran?-sutra, the charity of repairing a old pagoda. It is difficult that the three-story pagoda at Goowhang-dong has been only fourteen years since it was built thinking the age old pagoda. Therefore, in 706 A.D., the repairing of the stone pagoda can be another reason. On investigation, we can see that lots of people perished by famine and drought between 705 A.D. and 706 A.D. in Silla. It is the reason of adding to be enshrined a reliquary by the King Sungduk that pray for the repose of the late king and overcome a national crisis, through natural disaster and the power of the R?mivimalavi?uddhaprabh?n?ma-dh?ran?-sutra. We studied the time which reliquaries discovered the three-story stone pagoda at Goowhang-dong was buried. As a result, the majority of the main relics including reliqaury proved to be enshrined in the stone pagoda the King Sungduk period. Also, the stone pagoda was built first, 692 A.D. and Standing Buddha made of gold turned out the only relic buried at that time. So we can examine the characteristics of the reliquary and Standing Buddha made of gold. The Ra?mivimalavi?uddhaprabh?n?ma-dh?ran?-sutra in the buried items of being engraved a reliquary has relation to bamboo pieces which was written letters and missing since it was discovered, in 1942. It may be manufactured and enshrined as bamboo book form. But, according to witness's evidence at that time, one Ra?mivimalavi?uddhaprabh?n?ma-dh?ran?-sutra can be enshrined separately and The Sutra which was recorded of bamboo pieces cam be a part of charm copied ninety-nine or seventy-seven set, not all dh?ran?. Finally, the Buddhist statue of six Chon(寸) solved the exchange of Buddhist statue's size by calculating the measure of being reflected, In result, the size of Buddhist statue, six chon(寸) equal the size of the seated Buddha made of gold by JooCuck(周尺) Therefore, The Amitabha statue which is made of gold of six Chon(寸) size in the two Buddha statue of being discovered the stone pagoda was reconfirmed seared Buddha made of gold and it is a very important example that may be of use Joochuk(周尺) in Silla.

다시 격조사는 핵이 아니다

한정한(韓政翰) 형태론 2010 형태론 Vol.12 No.2

이 글은 지난 2008년 형태론 10권 3호에 실린 『다시 격조사는 핵이다』에 대한 답변형식으로 쓰인 글이다. 필자의 기본적인 입장은 한정한(2003)에 실린 『격조사는 핵이 아니다』에서 이미 밝혔지만, 임동훈(2008)에서 새로 제기한 문제들에 대해 답함으로써 격조사에 대한 그간의 진전된 연구 성과들을 다시 한 번 정리하는 기회로 삼고자 한다. 임동훈(2008)에서 새로 제기한 문제들은 세 가지였다. 차례대로 논의해 보겠다.

Effects of Vowel Inventory and Vowel Density in Language Specific Patterns of Vowel-to-Vowel Coarticulation

한정임 한국언어학회 2007 언어 Vol.32 No.4

Han, Jeong-Im. 2007. Effects of Vowel Inventory and Vowel Density in Language Specific Patterns of Vowel-to-Vowel Coarticulation. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 32-4, 827-843. The purpose of the present paper is to test the role of vowel inventory and vowel density in vowel-to-vowel (V-to-V) coarticulation. Vowel inventory is widely believed to be crucial to the cross-linguistic differences in V-to-V coarticulation. Manuel and Krakow (1984) argue that languages with a relatively crowded vowel space show weaker coarticulatory effects. Manuel (1987) further argues that speakers are sensitive to specific regions of the vowel space, not to the overall crowdedness of that space. However, Bradlow (1995), Beddor et al. (2001), and Mok (2006) present evidence to show that there is no positive correlation between phonemic vowel inventory and the amount of variation each vowel shows. Given these controversial claims, the present study examined the V-to-V anticipatory and carryover coarticulation differences between Korean and Japanese in crowded vs. sparse regions of their vowel space. The results showed that neither vowel inventory nor vowel density directly contributes to the language-specific coarticulation pattern between these two languages. (Konkuk University)

중국인 학습자들의 한국어 모음 습득 과정에 대한 1년간의 종단연구

한정임,김주연 한국언어학회 2011 언어 Vol.36 No.4

칼 라너 神學의 總括槪念으로서의 “象徵의 神學”(Ⅱ)

韓鉦炫(한정현) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2002 神學展望 Vol.- No.137

칼 라너 神學의 총괄개념으로서의 “象徵의 神學”(Ⅰ)

韓鉦炫(한정현) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2001 神學展望 Vol.- No.135

컴퓨터위빙을 이용한 직조디자인 활용 연구

한정임 한국디자인문화학회 2000 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The computer, the core of modern technology, is widely used in many industries, and is gradually taking its place as a useful tool which could satisfy various demands of all different arcas. Textile industry is no exception in this respect. Continuous research and investment in the new technology by textile industry has enabled textile designers to explore the possibility of replacing old fashioned processes of fabric pattern design, drafting, and pattern production with computer assisted processes. Computers are used even in the field of Weaving Design. Korea, however, is far behind other countries in Computer Assisted Weaving Design. Computer assisted weaving is still quite a new field waiting to be discovered, and imitation of foreign designs makes the situation worse by interfering with the development of original design of our own. Today, Weaving Design needs improvement in quality and Computer Weaving can be an answer. The purpose of writing this paper is to introduce Computer Weaving which has the potential of coming up with innovative and original design, and thus to help textile industry thrive. To understand the characteristics of Computer Weaving, it is necessary to introduce the hardware and software which make up the C.A.D (Computer Aided Design) system for weaving, and the computer assisted loom. Summer and Winter Weaving technique will be discussed, and how this technique, combined with PWS, could provide various weaving patterns will be demonstrated. PWS (Patternland Weave Simulator), the C.A.D. program which can be used in IBM PC Compatibles, will provide a first-hand experience of computer weaving from threading simple and complicated fabrics, treading, and tying-up without putting warps on the loom, and thus will prove its efficiency. The advantages of computer-assisted looms are demonstrated by producing real samples using SCHACH Loom, one of the computer-assisted looms which combine computers with Interface. At least five discernible advantages are explained. First, various fabric pattern designs using PWS enable the development of superior, efficient designs and the easy, fast production of complicated patterns. Second, PWS allows viewing the fabric patterns before actual production and thus makes pattern modifications easier. Third, the use of repeats and the change of colors are simplified to produce atmospheric variety. Fourth, the computer assisted loom which combines the computer with Interface economizes time and labor without affecting production. And last, Summer and Winter Weaving technique, which produces the effect of double weaving, is easier to operate than other weaving techniques. The computer is considered as the necessities of everyday life, and has taken its place on almost every area of society including culture and art. It has broadened its influence on the field of art from painting, sculpture and draft to weaving design. Computer Weaving was not introduced in the US until the beginning of the 1980`s. It wan introduced on Korea in early 1990`s by a few Korean weaving artists and later came to be included in college curriculum. Still, its future is very bright as long as schools and industries cooperate to help the spread of Weaving C.A.D. system and its practical and useful application. The challenge of textile industry is the development of original design which alone guarantees its thriving in the future. Domestically also there are many movements to innovate fabric design and create new markets by introducing computer systems. This paper is written as an attempt too make a small contribution to the development of textile industry by illustrating efficient design with minimal manual work, various weaving designs and color combinations, all made possible by C.A.D system for weaving.