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분진의 개수농도 및 질량농도에 입각한 서울시 지하철 역사내 오염원의 기여도 결정
최형욱,황인조,김신도,김동술 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The subway play an important part in serious traffic problems. However, because subway system is a closed environment, many serious air pollution problems occurred in subway stations and injured passenger's health. Therefore, it is a necessary to identify sources and to estimate pollutant sources in order to protect passenger's health and to keep clean subway environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze a air quality in the subway stations and to apply a new receptor methodology for quantitatively estimate of PM 10 sources. In this study, the size distributions of particulate matters has been measured by using Aerosizer LD (U.S.A., API, Inc.). It's realtime measurement capability of time-of-flight technique offers a significant advantage of user convenience and air pollution management. Also, the mass concentrations of PM 10 has been measured by using mini-vol portable sampler (U.S.A., Airmetrics Co.). The sampling performed in Seoul subway stations during the period of February 2000 and April 2000. The number distribution data used in this study consisted of 26 raw data sets in the Jongno-sam-ga station. Correlation Analysis can be used in subway stations for source separation and identification. Then, number contribution from each source is determined by the particle number balance (PNB). The mass concentration data used in this study consisted of 31 raw data in the 8 different stations. The mass contributions of PM 10 sources in the concourse by using PMF/CMB model.
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梁啓超의 詩界革命論이 개화기 한국 시론에 미친 영향 ― ≪飮冰室詩話≫와 ≪天喜堂詩話≫의 비교를 중심으로
최형욱 한국언어문화학회 2009 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.38
在民族和国家的命运风雨飘摇的开化期的韩国,很多进步知识分子向当时中国的代表爱国启蒙主义思想家梁启超进行了有意识地广泛地学习。特别是梁启超在戊戌变法失败之后,逃至日本投身于启蒙․宣传․教育活动,他所主编的≪淸議報≫․≪新民叢報≫等报纸․杂志和≪飮冰室文集≫等著作由于近代舆论和邮政交流的发达,迅速地传入韩国,并且韩中两国都经历了帝国主义侵略带来的被动近代化,这种类似的时代环境和民族情绪使得梁启超的著作在韩国引起了不亚于中国的巨大反响,而且其中包含的新思想对于韩国的政治․社会及文学等各个方面都产生了不小的影响。 诗论方面,梁启超曾在≪新民叢報≫上连载≪飮冰室詩話≫以宣扬“诗界革命论”,≪大韓每日申報≫里连载的≪天喜堂詩話≫,通过吸收“诗界革命论”,引发了所谓的“东国诗界革命论”。≪天喜堂詩話≫的作者是谁虽然还不能说已经确定,但申采浩是当时报纸的总编辑,并且不仅在思想上,而且在史学及小说论等方面受到了梁启超的巨大影响已被证实,由此推测,我们认为他就是作者的可能性是很大的。 来自于西方的冲击引起了政治․外交․社会及学术思想等时代环境发生变化,梁启超的诗界革命正是形成于这种变化带来的刺激和必须适应这种刺激的必要性的作用之下。当时梁启超最迫切追求的诗歌的精神․内容主要是对西欧近代文明的启蒙及将其同中国的现实问题相结合中所出现出的爱国主义和现实主义。因此那种诗歌的精神․内容的基础是启蒙主义․功利主义的思潮。 对两本≪诗话≫的内容进行比较的话,首先梁启超的“诗界革命论”对于≪天喜堂詩話≫的启蒙主义․功利主义詩觀产生的直接影响是无需赘言的。以申采浩等开化派思想家为中心的旧韩末文人们比中国更加需要在亡国灭种的危机中可以鼓吹爱国精神的启蒙主义诗论,恰好梁启超的主张与当时现实的这种要求非常吻合。而且如此 形成的东国诗界革命比梁启超的诗界革命呈现出更强的民族主义,特别是在摸索跳出中国汉诗的樊篱能够作为国诗的新诗方面应该予以高度评价。 梁启超的诗界革命理论体系主要有3大主干,即对诗的内容、语言․形式及风格3个部分的讨论。虽然大体上关于3个部分的讨论融为一体,很难完全分开,但总的来说,其核心是提出革新诗歌的内容,创出新意境;在内容传达上为了达到启蒙的效果,不仅在新语句上而且在多个侧面改革语言和形式;继承并发展中国诗所特有的优秀的风格即所谓的旧风格。这3个部分中≪天喜堂詩話≫着重于对前面两个部分的讨论。 ≪飮冰室詩話≫以进化论的价值观为背景,为了实现带有民族国家主义特点的各种目标,阐述启蒙主义․功利主义倾向的诗论,强调通过符合于此的诗的内容,创造出包括各种西方近代文明、爱国․启蒙思想、尚武精神、世界形势及时局在内的新意境。≪天喜堂詩話≫也主张这些内容,并特别强调了爱国․启蒙思想和尚武精神,这反映了更加强烈的国家危机感。 ≪飮冰室詩話≫对于诗的语言和形式问题,主要提出了运用新语句及口语․俗語,吸收民歌的元素,选择長篇詩,并将诗和音乐结合等要求。≪天喜堂詩話≫提出了关于除了长篇诗以外的剩下的3个要素的主张。其核心是以更加强烈的民族主义情绪为基础,排斥汉诗,强调开发、创作和鉴赏结合了这3个要素的国诗。 总体来看,两本≪诗话≫均标榜以改革国家社会和启蒙民众为目标,以改革 ...
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저 에너지 표면 개질 이온원이 설치된 진공 웹 공정을 이용한 2층 flexible copper clad laminate 제작
최형욱,박동희,최원국,Choi, Hyoung-Wook,Park, Dong-Hee,Choi, Won-Kook 한국재료학회 2007 한국재료학회지 Vol.17 No.10
In order to fabricate adhesiveless 2-layer flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) used for COF (chip on film) with high peel strength, polyimide (PI; Kapton-EN, $38\;{\mu}m$) surface was modified by reactive $O_2^+$ and $N_2O^+$ ion beam irradiation. 300 mm-long linear electron-Hall drift ion source was used for ion irradiation with ion current density (J) higher than $0.5\;mA/cm^2$ and energy lower than 200 eV. By vacuum web coating process, PI surface was modified by linear ion source and then 10-20 nm thick Ni-Cr and 200 nm thick Cu film were in-situ sputtered as a tie layer and seed layer, respectively. Above this sputtered layer, another $8-9{\mu}m$ thick Cu layer was grown by electroplating and subsequently acid and base resistance and thermal stability were tested for examining the change of peel strength. Peel strength for the FCCLs treated by both $O_2^+$ and $N_2O^+$ ion irradiation showed similar magnitudes and increased as the thickness of tie layer increased. FCCL with Cu (200 nm)/Ni-Cr (20 nm)/PI structure irradiated with $N_2O^+$ at $1{\times}10^{16}/cm^2$ ion fluence was proved to have a strong peel strength of 0.73 kgf/cm for as-received and 0.34 kgf/cm after thermal test.
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Self-organized Criticality of a Simple Integrate-and-fire Neural Model
최형욱,맹성은,이재우 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.4
We consider a simple integrate-and-fire neural model without synaptic plasticity. In this model, the membrane potential propagates to the nearest neighbor neurons when that potential is greater than a threshold value. When a neuron is fired, the propagating potential is leaky. Therefore, the sum of the received potential is less than the presynaptic potential. We simulated this simple model on a fully-connected network. We identified the critical membrane strength, Jc = 4.71(1). At the critical membrane strength, we observed that the probability distribution function of the avalanche shows a power law, P(s) ≈ s−τ, with the critical exponent τ = 1.414(5). The lifetime of the avalanche also showed a power law. The power law behaviors imply that this model shows self-organized criticality.
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Scaling and Non-scaling Behaviors of Seismic Time Series for Korean Earthquakes
최형욱,맹성은,이재우 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.1
Seismic time series for the Korean peninsula are considered for data over the last 33 years. Korean earthquakes follow the Gutenberg-Richter law, log_(10) N(M > m) ~ -bm, with b = 0.78(1) where N(M > m) denotes the cumulative number of earthquakes of magnitude M greater than a threshold magnitude m. The cumulative probability distribution function P_>(T), of the inter-occurrence time follows an exponential function, P_>(T) ~ exp(-aT), with a = 2.60 (1), up to an inter-occurrence time of T = 40,000 min. The occurrence rate n(t), is also considered as a function of time, with a time interval, Δt. The cumulative probability distribution function of the occurrence rate follows a power law P_>(n) ~ n^(−α), with α = 1.20 (2), regardless of the length of the time interval Δt. The persistence distribution function of the seismic time series is also analyzed. Positive (or negative) persistence times are defined as intervals when earthquake magnitudes remain above (or below) the initial magnitude, m(t_o), from time t_o to a time t_o + s, where s is the persistence time. The cumulative persistence probability Q_> (s), follows a power law, Q_> (s) ~ s^(−θ), with θ = 0.93 (3).
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