남한 『국어』와 북한 『국어문학』 교과서에 나타난 고전문학 교육의 양상과 재생산 - 「춘향전」과 「관동별곡」을 중심으로 -

최창헌 ( Choi Chang-heon ) 강원대학교 강원문화연구소 2022 강원문화연구 Vol.45 No.-

본고는 남북한 교과서에 공통적으로 수록된 고전소설 「춘향전」과 가사 「관동별곡」을 비교 연구함으로써, 남북한 고전문학 교육의 양상과 시공간을 초월한 고전문학 교육이 ‘지금-여기’에서 재구성된 모습을 밝히려는 시도이다. 남한의 2015개정 교육과정에서 고전문학 교육은 학습자의 핵심역량에 수렴되는 양상을 보이고, 북한의 2013개정 교육강령에 의한 고전문학 교육은 유일한 주체 문예관이 원칙적 기준이 된다. 남북한에서 「춘향전」은 사랑이 주제인 작품으로, 「관동별곡」은 아름다운 우리말이 잘 표현된 고전문학 작품이라는 동일한 문학사적 평가를 내리고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 고전문학 교육은 남북한의 사회·역사적 맥락 속에서 각기 다르게 실현되고 있다. 남한의 「춘향전」은 다양한 가치가 담긴 작품으로 평가된다. 그 중에서 인간의 보편 정서인 사랑을 주제로 하였기 때문에 오늘날까지 전승되고 있다는 점에서 고전을 현대에 연결시키고 있다. 이와 관련된 문학 활동은 현대에서 갖는 사회·문화적 가치를 인식하고, 작품 속의 상황을 새롭게 설정하여 「춘향전」을 다시 쓰는 활동으로 확장되었다. 그리고 「관동별곡」은 학습자로 하여금 대상이나 소재가 시대에 따라 표현이 달라짐을 인식하게 한다. 또한 그림이나 문학 등의 예술 작품에 형상화된 ‘과거-현재-미래’를 학습자의 지식이나 경험과 연결시켜, 고전문학이 지금의 일상생활에 적용될 수 있는 방식으로 재생산되고 있다. 북한에서 「춘향전」은 애정문제를 오로지 사회적 불평등에 대한 비판과 결부시키고, 「관동별곡」은 애국적 감정과 민족적 긍지를 인식시키는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이와 같은 문학사적 평가와 제한성이 짝패를 이룬 문학 활동은 유일한 주체 문예관으로 재단된 고전문학이 말하기와 글쓰기로 확장되어 사상 교양과 정서교양을 위한 재생산의 도구적 성격을 갖는다. This paper is an attempt to reveal the aspect of classical literature education in North and South Korea and the reconstitution of classical literature that transcends time and space in the 'here and now' by comparatively studying the classic novel < Chunhyangjeon > and the lyrics < Gwandongbyeolgok >, which are commonly included in textbooks in North and South Korea. . In South Korea's 2015 revised curriculum, classical literature education converges on learners' core competencies, and in North Korea's 2013 revised educational code, classical literature education is based on the only Juche view of literary arts. In North and South Korea, < Chunhyangjeon > is a work with a theme of love, and < Gwandongbyeolgok > is a classic literary work that expresses beautiful Korean language well. However, the classical literature education implemented in the socio-historical contexts of North and South Korea is showing different aspects. < Chunhyangjeon > in South Korea is evaluated as a work of various values. Among them, it connects the classics to the present in the sense that it has been handed down to this day because it has the theme of love, a universal human emotion. Literary activities related to this are being expanded to re-writing < Chunhyangjeon > by recognizing the social and cultural values of the present day and setting a new situation in the work. And < Kwandongbyeolgok > makes the learner recognize that the expression of the subject or subject changes according to the times. In addition, by linking the ‘past-present-future’ embodied in works of art such as paintings and literature with the learner’s knowledge and experiences, classical literature is structured in a way that can be applied to daily life. In North Korea, < Chunhyangjeon > only connects the issue of affection with criticism of social inequality, and < Gwandongbyeolgok > aims to recognize patriotism and national pride. Literary activities, which are paired with such literary historical evaluation and limitedness, are instrumental in ideological and emotional education, as classical literature, which has been cut as the only Juche view of literary arts, is expanded to speaking and writing.

교수요목기의 민족문화 형성과 발전 -국정중등 국어교과서에 수록된 작품을 중심으로-

최창헌 ( Chang Heon Choi ) 한민족문화학회 2016 한민족문화연구 Vol.53 No.-

This study is the paper which elucidated the real picture of the national culture formation & development in early Korean language education on the basis of empirical materials of logical writing for persuasion, descriptive writing, and travel essay included in the state-designated secondary Korean language textbook during the course of study. In Korea, which was liberated from the Japanese Empire, a nation-building was emphasized through literacy education with focus on reading and writing as a newly-independent country. The Korean language education in making a new nation served to transfer people to the nation by reproducing people in the network of ‘Language-Culture-Nation.’ In such circumstance of the time, restoration and supply of our language, which was lost during the period of Japanese Occupation, was a top priority. Inspiring the language nationalism into the people for securing legitimacy by scrapping the knowledge & culture embedded in the vestiges of Japanese imperialism, and forming national cultures at the same time were the very mission demanded by the times for securing our identity. In the process of muddled, undetermined social changes, the meaning and importance of a certain writing are understood and interpreted in a specific discourse framework of the day. A travel essay recording a new experience, knowledge, impressions while traveling was included in the Korean language textbook as a means of inspiring the national cultural consciousness into learners by getting them to observe our cultural heritage through explicit instruction. Our cultural heritage observed through the eyes of intellectuals was the representation of Korean ideas and cultures via disuse of Japanese imperialistic culture, independent acceptance of foreign ideas and material culture introduced during the US military government period, and succession to traditions of national culture.

External Auditing on Absorbed Dose Using a Solid Water Phantom for Domestic Radiotherapy Facilities

최창헌(Chang Heon Choi),김정인(Jung-In Kim),박종민(Jong Min Park),박양균(Yang Kyun Park),조건우(Kun-Woo Cho),조운갑(Woon-Kap Cho),임천일(Chun-Il Lim),예성준(Sung-Joon Ye) 대한방사선종양학회 2010 대한방사선종양학회지 Vol.28 No.1

목 적: 제 3기관에 의해 독립적으로 수행된 방사선 치료 빔의 흡수 선량을 외부 감사의 결과로 보고 한다. 이를 위 해 쉽고 편리하게 설치 가능 한 고체 팬텀을 이용하여 흡수 선량을 측정하는 방법을 개발했다.대상 및 방법: 2008년 12개 방사선 치료 시설에서 외부 감사 프로그램에 참여하였고 47개의 광자선과 전자선의제 3기관에 의해 American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) task group (TG)-51 프로토콜을 사용하여독립적으로 교정되었다. AAPM TG-51 프로토콜은 물에서의 측정을 권고 하고 있지만 팬텀으로 물은 바쁜 병원 상황에선 몇 가지 단점이 있다. 설치와 수송이 편리하고 재현성이 있는 고체 팬텀을 사용하였다. 광자선과 전자선에대한 물과 고체 팬텀 사이의 선량 보정인자는 스케일링 방법과 실험적 측정에 의해 결정되었다.결 과: 대부분의 빔은(74%) 제3기관의 프로토콜로 측정한 결과 2%의 편차 이내였다. 그러나 20개 중 2개의 광자선과 27개 중 3개의 전자선은 허용범위(3%)를 초과 하였다. 특히 그중 2개의 빔은 10% 이상의 편차를 보여주고있다. 6 MV 초과의 고에너지 광자선은 보정인자가 없었다. 6 MV 광자선의 경우 고체 팬텀에서의 흡수선량은 물에서의 흡수 선량보다 0.4% 작게 나타났다. 전자선에 대한 보정인자도 결정되었는데 전자선의 에너지가 증가함에따라 보정인자는 작아지는 경향을 보여준다. 고체팬텀을 사용한 TG-51 프로토콜의 측정 오차는 ±1.22%로 나타났다.결 론: 개발된 방법은 다기관 임상 연구의 인증 프로그램에 참여할 수 있는 외부 감사 기관 프로그램에 성공적으로적용되었다. 이 선량측정은 선량을 측정하기 위한 시간을 줄이고 물을 설치할 때의 생길 수 있는 측정오차를 감소시킨다. Purpose: We report the results of an external audit on the absorbed dose of radiotherapy beams independently performed by third parties. For this effort, we developed a method to measure the absorbed dose to water in an easy and convenient setup of solid water phantom. Materials and Methods: In 2008, 12 radiotherapy centers voluntarily participated in the external auditing program and 47 beams of X-ray and electron were independently calibrated by the third party’s American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) task group (TG)-51 protocol. Even though the AAPM TG-51 protocol recommended the use of water, water as a phantom has a few disadvantages, especially in a busy clinic. Instead, we used solid water phantom due to its reproducibility and convenience in terms of setup and transport. Dose conversion factors between solid water and water were determined for photon and electron beams of various energies by using a scaling method and experimental measurements.Results: Most of the beams (74%) were within ±2% of the deviation from the third party's protocol. However, two of 20 X-ray beams and three of 27 electron beams were out of the tolerance (±3%), including two beams with a >10% deviation. X-ray beams of higher than 6 MV had no conversion factors, while a 6 MV absorbed dose to a solid water phantom was 0.4% less than the dose to water. The electron dose conversion factors between the solid water phantom and water were determined: The higher the electron energy, the less is the conversion factor. The total uncertainty of the TG-51 protocol measurement using a solid water phantom was determined to be ±1.5%. Conclusion: The developed method was successfully applied for the external auditing program, which could be evolved into a credential program of multi-institutional clinical trials. This dosimetry saved time for measuring doses as well as decreased the uncertainty of measurement possibly resulting from the reference setup in water.

말의 성찰을 통한 삶의 방식과 그 의미

최창헌(Chang Heon Choi) 한국현대소설학회 2012 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.49

이 논문은 이청준 소설의 기법적 특징 중의 하나인 탐색 기법과 격자 구조에 주목하여 ≪언어사회학서설≫ 연작의 의미 생성과정과 그 의미에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. ≪언어사회학서설≫은 연작소설이다. 지금까지 연구 경향은 <지배와 해방>과 <다시 태어나는 말>이 주로 주목을 받아왔다. <지배와 해방>은 소설로 쓴 소설론·작가론이라는 측면에서, <다시 태어나는 말>은 ≪남도 사람≫과 ≪언어사회학서설≫의 결편이라는 측면에서 연구되어 왔다. 그러나 연작소설 속의 개별 작품은 연작의 전체성 속에서 살펴야 한다. 왜냐하면 ≪언어사회학서설≫을 연작으로 분석하면, 개별 작품의 의미들이 전체에 통합되어 의미가 생성되는 과정을 볼 수 있기 때문이다. ≪언어사회학서설≫에서 말에 대한 탐색은 이청준 자신의 삶의 태도와 작가로서의 글쓰기의 태도나 방법에 대한 것을 보여준다. 따라서 말에 대한 탐색은 작가 자신뿐만 아니라, 그의 문학작품을 이해하는데 중요하다. 이청준은 ≪언어사회학서설≫의 탐색 주체인 윤지욱을 통해서 존재의 삶과 관계의 삶의 조화를 시도하고 있다. 두 삶의 조화는 존재의 언어와 관계의 언어 질서와 대응된다. 본고에서는 ≪언어사회학서설≫의 연작을 통해서 자유로운 질서 속의 말에 대해서 추적해보았다. 탐색의 주체인 윤지욱은 사건을 탐색하고, 그것의 의미를 찾아낸다. 말의 성찰을 바탕으로 한 삶의 방식은 인간성의 참가치를 실현하고, 그것을 지켜나가며 확대해 나가는 창조성의 질서 위에 있어야 한다는 것이다.

고등학교 문학 과목 성립에 대한 역사적 연구 -1~5차 고등학교 국어과 교육과정을 중심으로-

최창헌 ( Chang Heon Choi ) 한국문학언어학회 2013 어문론총 Vol.59 No.-

National control over education is concretized through various routes, and in fact, the curriculum is the most powerful means of control. It is because the curriculum itself is the process to choose ideology and also to conduct value judgment. The curriculum in Korea was first proclaimed in 1955, and since then, it has been revised and developed as historicizing the previous ones. This article attempts to examine the establishment of the ``literature`` subject in the curriculum of the Korean subject historically and also figure out internal principles to organize it. In order to reveal this, the paper takes as its subjects for analysis the materials about the first to fifth high school national curricula of the Korean subject and analyzes them from the microscopic viewpoint. In Korean education, the literature subject is organized from the historical context. Within the revisions of the Korean curriculum, nationalism as well as ethnicism are internalized. In the first to fourth Korean curricula, literary phenomena are seen with the concept of culture, so they appear as national culture. And from the fifth curriculum, national literature was put forth into the front, and the subject of literature came to be organized. National literature (or literarization) has the features of diachrony and synchronism within synchronism. This is not the discontinuance but has the meaning of temporal continuity that puts past-present-future in order. The Korean curriculum that takes nationalism and ethnicism as its internal principles of organization seems to have the intention to totalize it with national literature (or literarization). In other words, national literature plays lattice roles in the process of practicing dominant discourse. It is because regardless of whether the lattice roles are included or not, it functions for both inclusion and exclusion in the process of dividing the space here and there.

폐암의 정위적체부방사선치료시 호흡 움직임에 따른 3D 선량 측정평가

최병걸,최창헌,윤일규,양진성,이동명,박주미,Choi, Byeong-Geol,Choi, Chang-Heon,Yun, Il-Gyu,Yang, Jin-Seong,Lee, Dong-Myeong,Park, Ju-Mi 대한방사선치료학회 2014 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Purpose : This study aims to evaluate 3D dosimetric impact for MIP image and each phase image in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung cancer using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Materials and Methods : For each of 5 patients with non-small-cell pulmonary tumors, a respiration-correlated four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) study was performed. We obtain ten 3D CT images corresponding to phases of a breathing cycle. Treatment plans were generated using MIP CT image and each phases 3D CT. We performed the dose verification of the TPS with use of the Ion chamber and COMPASS. The dose distribution that were 3D reconstructed using MIP CT image compared with dose distribution on the corresponding phase of the 4D CT data. Results : Gamma evaluation was performed to evaluate the accuracy of dose delivery for MIP CT data and 4D CT data of 5 patients. The average percentage of points passing the gamma criteria of 2 mm/2% about 99%. The average Homogeneity Index difference between MIP and each 3D data of patient dose was 0.03~0.04. The average difference between PTV maximum dose was 3.30 cGy, The average different Spinal Coad dose was 3.30 cGy, The average of difference with $V_{20}$, $V_{10}$, $V_5$ of Lung was -0.04%~2.32%. The average Homogeneity Index difference between MIP and each phase 3d data of all patient was -0.03~0.03. The average PTV maximum dose difference was minimum for 10% phase and maximum for 70% phase. The average Spain cord maximum dose difference was minimum for 0% phase and maximum for 50% phase. The average difference of $V_{20}$, $V_{10}$, $V_5$ of Lung show bo certain trend. Conclusion : There is no tendency of dose difference between MIP with 3D CT data of each phase. But there are appreciable difference for specific phase. It is need to study about patient group which has similar tumor location and breathing motion. Then we compare with dose distribution for each phase 3D image data or MIP image data. we will determine appropriate image data for treatment plan.

방사선치료계획시스템의 독립적 검증을 위한 선량 계산 및 빔데이터 관리 프로그램

김희정,박양균,박종민,최창헌,김정인,이상원,오헌진,임천일,김일한,예성준,Kim, Hee-Jung,Park, Yang-Kyun,Park, Jong-Min,Choi, Chang-Heon,Kim, Jung-In,Lee, Sang-Won,Oh, Heon-Jin,Lim, Chun-Il,Kim, Il-Han,Ye, Sung-Joon 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

We developed a user-friendly program to independently verify monitor units (MUs) calculated by radiation treatment planning systems (RTPS), as well as to manage beam database in clinic. The off-axis factor, beam hardening effect, inhomogeneity correction, and the different depth correction were incorporated into the program algorithm to improve the accuracy in calculated MUs. A beam database in the program was supposed to use measured data from routine quality assurance (QA) processes for timely update. To enhance user's convenience, a graphic user interface (GUI) was developed by using Visual Basic for Application. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the program for various treatment conditions, the MU comparisons were made for 213 cases of phantom and for 108 cases of 17 patients treated by 3D conformal radiation therapy. The MUs calculated by the program and calculated by the RTPS showed a fair agreement within ${\pm}3%$ for the phantom and ${\pm}5%$ for the patient, except for the cases of extreme inhomogeneity. By using Visual Basic for Application and Microsoft Excel worksheet interface, the program can automatically generate beam data book for clinical reference and the comparison template for the beam data management. The program developed in this study can be used to verify the accuracy of RTPS for various treatment conditions and thus can be used as a tool of routine RTPS QA, as well as independent MU checks. In addition, its beam database management interface can update beam data periodically and thus can be used to monitor multiple beam databases efficiently.